Poetry in the early Song Dynasty inherited the lingering wind of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and had the so-called three-body theory in the early Song Dynasty. First, represented by some dignitaries at that time, such as Xu Xuan and Liu Yun, Bai Juyi was the teacher, and his poetry style was simple and vulgar, which was the mainstream poetry at that time. This is a white poem.
Later, represented by Yang Yi, Qian Yi and Li Shangyin, it was the mainstream of poetry after Bai Style, and it was named after Kunxi Reward.
He took Ye Wei, Lin Bu and other hermits as representatives, took Jia Dao and Yao He as teachers, and wrote about seclusion with simple brushwork. His poetic style was austere, which was the wind of the late Tang Dynasty. Three-body poems in the early Song Dynasty were far from politics and society in content, but mostly modern poems in form.
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1, white body (Xiangshan body): learning Bai Juyi is shallow and casual.
Representative figures: Li Yun and Xu Xuan-learn "Bai Yuan Style" and sing together. What a leisurely work, shallow and elegant. Wu Mengfu said: "They imitate Bai Juyi and pretend to care about the country and the people, but they have lost the tradition of reflecting reality, so they have no strength and are even passed down as jokes.
Wang Yucheng-Learn from Bai Juyi's satirical poems and Du Fu, and become the most accomplished person in the "white body". There are nearly 600 poems.
Wang Yucheng studied under Du Fu and made insightful comments on Du Fu. His predecessors, such as Yuan Zhen, focused on Du Fu's synthesis, "making the best of ancient and modern strengths and being unique". Wang Yucheng attached great importance to Du Fu's innovation: "Zi Mei Ji is the first in the field of poetry".
Most of the poems in the early Northern Song Dynasty were frivolous and lacked practical significance. Wang Yucheng tried his best to restore this trend. Such as Xiang Xue and a trip to the countryside. Some of Wang Yucheng's poems are both Du Fu's and white. Some novels reveal the clues of discussion culture and prose culture in Song poetry.
2. Learn from Jia Dao and Yao He.
There are three groups of poets: "Nine Monks", represented by Hui Chong. Learn Jia Yao's bitter songs, featuring "various amorous feelings and small moans". Without the words wind, flowers, snow, moon, water, stone, mountain and bamboo, you can't write a poem. ("Poetry on June 1st").
Lin Bu, Ye Wei and other hermits have achieved more than nine monks. Lin Hejing (Madame Mei and the Crane) is the most famous poet in Yongmei, such as Xiaomei in the Garden in the Mountain.
Kou Zhun was the leader of the late Tang Dynasty. I like the poems of Wang Youcheng and Wei Suzhou. In his masterpiece "Going Upstairs in Spring", "no one crosses the wild water, and the boat crosses the sun" is just an expansion of "crossing the wild without a boat" in Suzhou, Wei. "Summer" is also such an artistic conception of "leaving your mind behind, and no one hangs down in the deep courtyard".
3. Quincy style: Learn from Li Shangyin and try to change the shallow poetic style.
The representative figures are Yang Yi, Qian. The museum minister compiled the deeds of princes and ministers in previous dynasties and sang with each other. Yang Yi compiled the Quincy Chorus Collection, and collected 247 poems by 17 poets, among which Yang Yi, Qian and Yang Yi accounted for 4/5. It is said that Quincy brought a mountain with a group of jade to the west of Kunlun Mountain, where emperors collected books.
They learn from Li Shangyin, mainly in form and allusion (because the feelings in Li Shangyin's poems can't be learned), and the words are brilliant and beautiful, and they are opposed to plain, but elegant. The content is nothing more than reciting things, lingering in the scenery, reciting history and homesickness, and stressing words. It is said that at that time, Youren played Li Shangyin in the performance, and all his clothes were ruined. People asked why, and replied, "Xi 'an has been dragged to this point." The audience laughed.