Chang Ge Xing Yuefu Poetry Collection Series: Three Hundred Ancient Poems Long Song Xing Sunflowers in the green garden, the morning dew awaits the setting sun. In the spring of Budeze, all things will be radiant. I am often afraid that when the autumn festival comes, the yellow flowers and leaves will wither. Hundreds of rivers flow from the east to the sea, when will they return to the west? Young idler, an old beggar. Note: Changgexing: the name of a Han Yuefu tune. Mallow: Mallow, one of the important vegetables in ancient my country, can be used as medicine. Xi: Dawn, extended to the sun shining. Yangchun: warm spring. Bu: to give, to give. De Ze: Favor. Autumn Festival: Autumn. Kunhuang: describes the appearance of withered and yellow vegetation. Hua: Same as "flower". Bad: For the sake of rhyme, it can be read as "cuī" according to the ancient pronunciation. Disciple: Baibai Baichuan: River. Translation: In the morning, there are green sunflowers in the garden, and the crystal dew is waiting to dry in the sun. Spring spreads the hope of happiness all over the earth, and all living things show prosperity and vitality. I often worry that the chilling autumn will come and the flowers and leaves will turn yellow and wither. Thousands of great rivers are rushing eastward and flowing into the sea. When will they flow back westward again? If you don’t know how to be strong when you are young and strong, your hair will be gray when you are old, you will accomplish nothing, and your sorrow will be useless. Solution: This poem is selected from the Yuefu of Han Dynasty. Yuefu was a court music institution established since the Qin Dynasty. It was expanded on a large scale during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and a large number of poetry works were collected from the folk, with rich content and a wide range of themes. This poem is one of them. Changge: long singing, also refers to writing poetry; Xing (xing): a genre of ancient songs, the abbreviation of songxing style, the number of words of poetry and the length of sentences are not limited. Long singing refers to a free style singing style with the tune of "long singing". Bad: pronounced "cuī". In ancient times, people did not pronounce the sound "shuaī". This poem is selected from Volume 30 of "Collection of Yuefu Poems", "Ping Tune" in Zodiac and Songs. "Yuefu Jietie" says that this ancient saying "suggests that youth is not long, and you should work hard for happiness. It will be sad if you don't have a boss." It is obviously a misinterpretation to understand "hard work" as "hard work for happiness." Many of the five-character ancient poems of the Han Dynasty lamented the short life span and advocated enjoying timely pleasures. From the overall concept of this poem, the main meaning is that the seasons change quickly and time is gone forever. Therefore, it advises people to cherish their youth and work hard to make a difference. The emotional tone is positive. "Collection of Yuefu Poems" is a collection of Yuefu poems compiled by Guo Maoqian in the Song Dynasty. It has one hundred volumes and is divided into twelve categories. Starting from the Han and Wei dynasties and ending with the Five Dynasties, there are more than ten ballads from before the Qin Dynasty. In addition to the music collected by the feudal court, it also preserves a large number of folk music lyrics and "New Yuefu Poems" created by literati ("New Yuefu Poetry Collection" includes "Mulan Poems" and "Peacock Flying Southeast"). The book has a general introduction for each category, an explanation for each song, and a review of the origin and development of various lyrics and lyrics. Brief analysis: This is a song that sings about life. Singing about life starts from the sunflower in the garden. This is called "supporting things to rise" in writing, that is, "preface other things to trigger the words to be chanted." The sunflower in the garden stands gracefully in the spring morning, with dewdrops rolling on its green leaves, shining brightly in the morning sun, like a young man full of youthful vitality. The poet extended it from the vigorous growth of sunflower in the garden and wrote about the entire nature. Due to the sunshine, rain and dew in spring, everything is shining with the light of life, and there are vibrant and prosperous scenes everywhere. These four sentences are literally a tribute to spring. In fact, they are borrowing things to compare with people. They are a hymn to the most precious thing in life - youth. An era when life is full of youthful vitality is as beautiful as spring in all four seasons of the year. In this way, in terms of writing, it also has a metaphorical meaning, which is the so-called "Xingerbi". The time sequence of nature is constantly changing. In the blink of an eye, spring passes and autumn comes. Sunflowers and everything else in the garden experience spring growth and summer growth. In autumn, they mature, and the leaves that used to be brilliant become scorched, withered, and lose their vitality. The same is true in life. We grow up from youth and old age, and we also have to go through a metabolic process. This is an immovable law of nature. The poet expresses his cherishment of the fleeting "youth" with "I am often afraid of the coming of autumn". One of the words "fear" shows people's powerlessness against the laws of nature and the inevitable withering of youth. Then from the change of time sequence to the endless time and boundless space of the universe, time is like a river passing eastward, never to return. Measured by the time scale, human life cannot be resurrected after death. In the face of this eternal nature, isn't life just like the dew on the leaves that is dried as soon as it sees the sun? Aren’t they just like the green sunflower leaves that wither and wither at the sound of autumn wind? The poem shifts from the exploration of the universe to thinking about the value of life, and finally comes to the deafening conclusion of "If a young man does not work hard, an old man will be sad", and ends the poem. This reasoning process is not written literally, but readers can follow the path of the poet's thinking and use their own life experiences to supplement it: all things in nature have a process of spring and autumn, and life also has a process of young people working hard and getting older. ; All things in nature can bear fruit in autumn as long as there is sunshine and rain, but people are different. They cannot succeed without their own efforts. All things decay in autumn, but they realize the value of life, so they are not sad. This is not the case for people, because "Young people don't work hard" and old people achieve nothing, isn't it the same as walking through the world in vain? It is undoubtedly better to mobilize readers to think than to think for them.
Because of this, this poem avoids life preaching that is easily annoying, and makes the final aphorism appear powerful, deep and implicit, like the long tolling of a bell, deeply touching the hearts of readers. The word "disciple" at the end of the sentence has a profound meaning: first, it means that the boss has no success, and life is wasted; second, it means that when you wake up in old age, you will not be able to help, and you can only sigh, which is intended to emphasize that you must work hard in time. Reading this poem, we will naturally think of the famous saying in "How Steel Was Tempered" about how human life should be spent. "The most precious thing for a person is life. Everyone has only one life. Therefore, a person's life should be spent in this way: when he looks back on the past years, he will not regret for wasting time, nor be ashamed of having accomplished nothing; this way , when he is about to pass away, he can say frankly: I have dedicated my entire life and all my energy to the most magnificent cause in the world - fighting for the liberation of mankind." Guide readers to work hard in time. Don't waste your time, this attitude towards life is undoubtedly positive. This "Long Song Xing" is different from other literati poems in the Han Dynasty that lamented the shortness of life and advocated carpe diem. It is a poem that sings the opposite tune and is a rare masterpiece.