[Interpretation] Tan Yongxiang's "A New Case of Rhetoric" proposed the Liejin Pavilion. It is believed that there is a strange sentence pattern in "classical poetry works", that is, it consists of nouns or noun-centered naming structures, which have no adjective predicates, but can describe scenery and express emotions; There is no verb predicate, but you can tell stories. This linguistic phenomenon cannot be explained by grammar. This is a rhetorical device, which we call "Jin Lie". "
Jin Lie refers to a paragraph consisting of several nouns or noun phrases without predicates. This sentence pattern arranges some typical images, fully arouses readers' imagination and reasoning ability, and uses gestalt effect to synthesize these noun phrases into a complete picture or event. The pragmatic mechanism of this figure of speech is the same as that of montage in movies. The Song of Liejin shows that the thinking of the expresser is jumping and discrete, while the receiver has the ability to combine discrete images into a complete and continuous scene. This figure of speech often appears in literary style, not only in classical poetry works, but also in China's modern literary style texts, which has a strong descriptive and lyrical function.
[Example] According to the function, brocade can be divided into two types:
(1) Describe the scene
Example 1: Dead vines and old trees faint, small bridges and flowing water, old roads and thin horses.
When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. (Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Qiu Si")
Tianjingsha Qiu Si is a famous poem in China's classical poetry, which has been passed down by Li Jingge to this day. The first three sentences are arranged into three groups by nine intermediate structures, each group can be said to be a lens, and these lens groups form a seamless picture.
Exodus 2: exotic music, exotic cafes. Green palms, golden curtains. Black velvet cheongsam came face to face, scarlet lips slightly opened: "Sir, what can I do for you?"
"Two cups of coffee."
Sugar cube. Milking a shiny little jar. Square tissue. The white porcelain cup is steaming. Nestle coffee, delicious.
Example 2 lists the most representative things, allowing readers to construct a scene in reading. It is also the juxtaposition of several noun phrases without predicate verbs.
② Used to describe
Exodus 3: When I was young, I knew that the world was unbearable and the Central Plains was like a mountain. It snowed at night and the iron horse dispersed in the autumn wind. (Lu You's book Anger)
There is not a verb or even a function word in the last two sentences of this poem. Each clause consists of three noun phrases, and images are used instead of narratives to express time, place and war events.
[Discriminate 1] Jin Lie and dot dyeing. All show the characteristics of juxtaposition of various scenery or things. The difference is:
(1) From the content point of view, Jin Lie simply arranged all kinds of scenery or things together, and feelings are self-evident in the scenery; The purpose of painting and decorating landscapes is to contrast and render feelings. Scenery is the means, and feelings are the purpose. Although the scenery is full of feelings, we must point out the feelings it contains in order to make the feelings deeper and stronger.
(2) Grammatically, the scenery or things listed in the table can only be nouns or noun phrases; Scenery listed in spot dyeing can be noun phrases or subject-predicate phrases.
Example 4: The sky is blue, the yellow leaves are yellow, the west wind is tight, and the wild geese fly north and south. Who is drunk in the frost forest in the morning? Always in tears. (Fan Zhongyan, Su Muzhe Blue Sky)
In the example, "blue sky" and "yellow leaf land" are noun phrases, but "the west wind is tight", "flying north and flying south" and "drunk in the frost forest" are subject-predicate phrases, and this example is spot dyeing.
[Discrimination 2] Jin Lie and Pepe. They all have the same or similar discourse structure juxtaposition. The difference is:
Jin Lie refers to the appearance of several noun phrases in a sentence, which does not require the same form in the sentence pattern. Parallelism refers to listing more than three sentences with the same sentence structure one by one, and the combination of subject-predicate structure cannot be regarded as a column.
Example 5: In the sharp wind from the vast sky, apes are sobbing, and birds fly home on the clear lake and white sand beach. (Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain)
The two poems in this example use three subject-predicate structures respectively, and cannot be regarded as a column.
[Discrimination 3] Jin Lie and fatigue. See the article "Tired".