First, express one's feelings directly: This is a lyric way to express one's love and hate directly to relevant people, events, scenes and circumstances.
For example, Chen Yulan, a poetess in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Farewell to My Husband" with sincere feelings, which made people feel very excited: the husband guards the border and the concubine worries about her husband in the west wind. I sent a short letter, and every line of the letter soaked my tears. The cold came to you, and I sent warm clothes, but I don't know if I received them. The whole poem expresses the wife's thoughts and worries about her husband in the form of a first-person monologue. In the first sentence, she misses her husband who is far away from home. In the second sentence, she cares about her husband's border and bitter cold, sending clothes and tears to repair books again and again. Finally, she wants to send clothes. Four delicate and vivid psychological descriptions directly reveal the unforgettable and considerate love and affection between husband and wife.
Second, indirect lyric.
Indirect lyricism, as opposed to direct lyricism, refers to expressing one's feelings implicitly through the narration, description and discussion of certain things and problems.
Third, the types and examples of indirect lyric:
1, scene fusion
Scenery blending refers to blending feelings in a specific natural scene or life scene, and expressing feelings by describing natural scenes or scenes. It is an indirect and implicit lyric way. Such as Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night:
Good rain knows the season, when spring comes. Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently.
Here, the rainy scene on a spring night contains the poet's happy mood.
2, borrow scenery lyric
Refers to the feelings and thoughts expressed by the poet himself in the scenery, which is expressed by describing the scenery.
For example, Du Fu's quatrains:
The water waves in the river, the white feathers of waterfowl, the green and red flowers on the mountain are in contrast, and you want to burn. This spring is coming to an end. When will I go home?
The whole poem expresses the feeling of being stranded in a foreign land. The poet expresses his homesickness by describing the fresh and bright spring scenery, and expresses his sadness with music scenes, which is unique in charm.
What's the difference between scene blending and borrowing scenery to express emotion?
"Scenery blending" means writing the scenery clearly, that is, literally speaking the scenery language; However, there must be something hidden, that is, all landscape words are emotional words.
"Lyricism by scenery" is a kind of lyric way, that is, with the help of scenery, to achieve the purpose of lyric.
The similarity between the two is that they both focus on lyricism. The difference is that the former describes the scenery on the surface and the feelings in essence; The latter's scenery writing and lyric writing are explicit, but the scenery is the reason and the emotion is the root.
For example, Du Fu's "Spring Hope": "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation is spring. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. I stroke my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. " The first two sentences here are "borrowing scenery to express emotion" The poet used the broken scene of Chang 'an, the capital, to express his infinite sadness: the prosperity of the past is gone forever, which is the sin of the Anshi Rebellion. Here embodies the concept of "scenery is the reason, emotion is the root". The third and fourth sentences are "melting feelings into the scenery". In the disaster, spring flowers feel current affairs and dew turns into tears; Spring birds, trapped by war-torn tourism, are afraid to hear this voice. The words "flowers" and "birds" are clearly written here, but the words "love" and "hate" express the feelings of "people", that is, the author's feelings: the "scenery language" here is all "love language" The first two sections focus on lyricism, but the methods used are obviously different, which shows that Du Fu's brushwork is very clever.
3. Take something and express your wishes.
Entrusting ambition with things means that the poet entrusts and conveys certain feelings, aspirations and interests with distinctive things, and the things in the poem are personalized.
Such as Yu Qian's "Lime Song":
It can only be extracted from the deep mountains after being struck by thousands of hammers. It regards the burning of the burning fire as a very common thing. Not afraid of broken bones, leaving innocence in the world.
Through the process and results of mining stones and burning them into lime, the poet expressed his firm sentiment and upright and noble thoughts despite difficulties and hardships.
There are the following differences between expressing feelings by holding objects and expressing feelings by borrowing scenery:
(1) "Expressing one's will by supporting things" is to express one's feelings by chanting things, and often express the author's feelings euphemistically and tortuous with the help of certain characteristics of certain plants, animals and objects. These "things" are not "scenery", and chanting things is not writing about scenery. "borrowing scenery to express emotion" means writing scenery to express emotion, or expressing emotion in the scenery from time to time; Or feelings in the landscape, but not exposed. The "scenery" here refers to natural scenery, not something.
(2) The meaning of "ambition" in "ambition" is very wide, which can refer to feelings, ambitions, interests, hobbies, wishes and requirements. The "emotion" in "borrowing scenery to express feelings" refers to feelings such as love, hate, praise, whipping, joy and sadness.
(3) "Expressing one's will by supporting things" does not produce artistic conception in content, but conveys the author's feelings and wishes through related objects, that is, it can achieve the purpose of writing and can be described and discussed. "Lyricism by borrowing scenery" requires thinking and scenery, feeling and scenery, feeling in scenery and feeling in scenery, and the content forms a three-dimensional aesthetic artistic conception with both form and spirit.
4. Lyric allusions
Lyricism with allusions means quoting historical facts in poetry and expressing emotions with allusions. Quoting refers to quoting or intercepting the sentences of predecessors or using the deeds and stories of predecessors to express some meaning and express some thoughts and feelings. The use of allusions can expand the artistic conception, make the feelings of poetry appear implicit, and achieve the effect of brevity. Such as Xin Qiji's "Unfortunate Music". Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia;
It is difficult to find a hero like Sun Quan after the history of the country. The dance floor was still there, but the heroes had already gone with the passage of time. The setting sun shines on the grassland covered with grass and trees. People say that this was once the place where Emperor Wu of Song lived. Think that year, Jin Ge iron horse, swallowing Wan Li like a tiger.
However, Li Liu Yi Long, the son of Liu Wang Yilong, was a great success and made a swift northern expedition. Instead, he made the Northern Wei Emperor Wu Tuoba fly south and returned to the north bank of the Yangtze River, which was severely hit by his opponent. I have been back to the south for forty-three years, and I still remember the war scenes in Yangzhou. Looking back, there was a crow club drum under the beaver temple. Who can ask, Lian Po is too old to eat?
This poem uses the following allusions:
(1) Sun Zhongmou's allusions express the poet's nostalgia for the hero and his ideal of recovering lost ground.
(2) The story of Emperor Wudi of the Southern Song Dynasty expressed the poet's determination to explore the north.
(3) Tuoba Tao was the nickname Beaver of Wu Tai, the Emperor of Wei. He once built a palace in Guabu Mountain on the north bank of the Yangtze River and became a beaver temple. The poet compares the past and the present, deep down.
The first three allusions express the poet's expectation of the main war faction, and also satirize and condemn the peace-seekers in the Southern Song Dynasty.
(4) Liu Yilong was overjoyed, rushed to the northern expedition, and even suffered a fiasco. This allusion, borrowing from the past to satirize the present, advised Han Biaozhou to take history as a mirror and not to rush into it.
(5) Compared with Lian Po, he expressed the poet's strong desire to serve the country and lamented that Songshi could not use talents.
5, borrow the ancient irony today
It is a common way to satirize the present by borrowing from the past, that is, poets often take historical events, historical figures and historical traces as their themes and rely on historical relics to express their feelings and satirize the present. Such as Liu Yuxi's "Taicheng":
Six generations of Taicheng compete for beauty, and making love in spring is the most extravagant. Thousands of families have become weeds because of a flower in the backyard.
The whole poem takes Taicheng, the place where the emperors of the Six Dynasties lived in politics, as the title, and describes the dissolute life of the Six Dynasties, which is in sharp contrast with the desolate scene of overgrown weeds. It turns serious historical lessons into concrete images that shock the soul and endows them with infinite feelings of mourning for the past and hurting the present.
What's the difference between lyricism with allusions and satirizing the present with antiquity?
Lyricism with allusions: allusions refer to quoting or intercepting sentences of predecessors or using deeds and stories of predecessors to express a certain meaning. Borrowing the ancient to satirize the present is to quote allusions for comparison and expression. If a poem is inconvenient to say directly, it can express the author's heart tactfully through the hints of allusions.
It is a way to express feelings by satirizing the present with classics, and it is to quote previous events to comment on the current atmosphere and current politics. Lyricism with allusion focuses on one's own feelings, citing the statements or deeds of predecessors to express it.