(1) Preface to Lanting: Yonghe is nine years old and lives in Guichou. At the beginning of spring, he will repair things in Lanting in Huiji Mountain. A group of smart people never miss, but some of them are long and salty. There are mountains here, and there are bamboo cultivation in Maolin; There is also a clear stream, which reflects left and right, thinking it is a stream, followed by a row. Although it is not as prosperous as the string of silk and bamboo, it is enough to love. It's sunny, sunny and breezy. Looking up at the size of the universe and overlooking the variety, it's enough to enjoy watching and listening. I believe in coke. A lady's phase, throw her life, or arm in arm, talk about one room; Let the waves go because of the entrustment. Although the choice is different, calm is different. When it is happy with what it has encountered, it will gain something from itself temporarily, and it will be self-sufficient without knowing the coming of old age. What he is tired of is that his feelings are advancing with the times and his feelings are sentimental. I'm happy about it. It's a thing of the past between pitches, so I still have to be happy about it. The situation is short-lived, and it will end in the end. The ancients said, "Life and death are great." It hurts! Every time we look at the reasons for the excitement of the ancients, if we unite, we will not be without sorrow, and we can't compare it to something in our chests. Knowing that a dead life is a false birthday and the destruction of Peng Qi is a mistake. Look at the present in the future or look at the past today. Sad husband! Therefore, as soon as people go public, they record what they say. Although the world is different, they are happy and they are one. Later visitors will also be impressed by Sven.
(2) Sacrifice to the nephew: In September of the first year of the Reform Movement of 1898 (the first year of the Reform Movement of 1898), Geng Wushuo, the third day, the thirteenth uncle Guanglu, the ambassador, the military attache, the commander-in-chief, and Hou Zhenqing, the founder of Danyang County, sacrificed his nephew and gave him the spirit of Ji Zhiming, a good doctor. However, I am healthy and I respect the virtues of young people. I am a temple in Hu Lian and a court in Lan Yu. I am very sensitive to people's hearts. During the party period, he tried to fight against thieves, saying that soldiers violated the rules. Father is dedicated, and Changshan is the county; When I was ordered, I was also in the plain. My dear friend loves me, and I am told; Now that you are back, you can open the earth door; As soon as the dirt door is opened, it will run into a lot of trouble. If thieves and ministers are not rescued, the isolated city will be surrounded. If the father dies and the nest falls, God will not regret the disaster. Who will poison it? Miss you, how to redeem yourself! Alas, alas! I inherited the natural law and moved the grazing river to the mountain pass. If the spring is bright, you will fall into the long mountain again, and you will come back with me with your first shot. Touch and cut, shake your heart and shake your face. As long as the party is far away, Parr will live in a secluded house; The soul knows that there are no long guests. Alas! Shangyi
Three, two introductory books.
(1) Preface to Lanting: Also known as Preface to Lanting, Preface to Lanting, Preface to River, Preface to Pavilion and Posture Pavilion. In the 9th year of Jin Yonghe (A.D. 353), Wang Xizhi, who was then the secretariat and right general of Huiji, got together with local celebrities such as Sun Chuo, Xie An and Zhi Dun to compose poems on the third day of the third lunar month, and wrote a total of 37 poems as Preface to the Orchid Pavilion. According to legend, this post was written by Li Shimin, a calligraphy enthusiast of Wang Xizhi, and it is a funerary object of Zhaoling. What people are seeing now is a replica of Feng Chengsu in the Tang Dynasty. Visiting "Preface to the Lanting Pavilion" is like treating an elegant person, like bathing in the breeze, like being in a show, without anyone's anger and domineering, which is a natural breath. It's really beautiful, pure water without fragrance, and it's amazing. His pen is clear and healthy, changeable, echoing around, vivid in brushwork and well prepared in every way. "Interlaced interest comes from ease, while danger and danger complement each other from setting off" (Ouyang Zhongshi's comment). Although Mr. Guo Moruo published the article "From the Unearthing of Xie Wang's Epitaph to the Authenticity of Lanting Preface" in the 6th issue of Cultural Relics in 1965, which left the famous "Lanting Debate" inconclusive, this textual research did not damage the brilliant position of Lanting Preface in the history of calligraphy. Many calligraphers in the past dynasties handed down the Preface to Lanting from generation to generation. For example, Chu Suiliang and Yu Shinan in the Tang Dynasty, Zhao in the Yuan Dynasty, Badashan people in the Qing Dynasty, and Sha Menghai, Shen and Lu in their contemporaries. Perhaps it was Wang Xizhi's "sunny weather, sunny weather" when he waved, which made him lucky at the right time; Perhaps it is "Maolin Xiuzhu, flowing water", which makes people intoxicated; Perhaps it is "a collection of talents, suitable for all ages", which is wonderful; Perhaps it is caused by Wang Xizhi's poems, and wine and poetry are mixed together. Afterwards, he copied it several times, but the calligraphy atmosphere was not as pure as the original, so the Preface to Lanting was spread all over the world.
(2) Sacrifice to the Nephew: The full name of Sacrifice to the Nephew is Ji, which is the sacrifice to the nephew of Dr. Zanshan. This book was written in the first year of Tang Dynasty (AD 758). Hemp paper, the running script is 28.2 cm long and 75.5 cm wide, with 23 lines, 11 words per line and 234 words per line. The clock has the seals of "Zhao Gongzi's Name", "Elegant", "Qingxinli", "Pivot", "Qingxinli Uncle" and "Qingxinli". It was once collected by Song Xuanhe's Neifu, Yuan, Xian Yushu, Ming, Qing, Xue, Wang and Qing Neifu, and is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. The Draft for Sacrificing a Nephew was written by Yan Zhenqing in memory of his nephew Yan Jiming who died in the Anshi Rebellion. In the 14th year of Tang Tianbao (775), An Lushan rebelled, and Yan Zhenqing, the prefect of Pingyuan, contacted him from his brother Yan Gaoqing, the prefect of Changshan, to fight against the rebels. In the first month of the following year, the rebel Shi Siming captured Changshan, Yan Gaoqing and his youngest son were arrested and killed one after another, and Yanshi's family was killed more than 30 times. In the first year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (AD 758), Yan Zhenqing ordered Ji Ming's first skeleton to be transported back to Hebei, and wrote this immortal eulogy with tears in his eyes. As a memorial to his nephew, the author's mood when writing can be imagined. The whole volume is not fresh and clean, the handwriting is sloppy and hasty, and it is smeared and deleted. Throughout the whole article, the spirit of compassion and generosity floats at the end of the paper. At the beginning, the author can control his feelings, and his writing is well-balanced and heavy, and he can't restrain his mixed feelings of anger until "the thief and the minister don't save him, and the city is surrounded", such as a volcano, where the waves pour, the fonts are big and small, the line spacing is wide and narrow, the ink is dry or moist, and the nib is hidden until "alas". The dignified beginning of the article and the forgetfulness at the end are all natural expressions of the author's mood. This post is a manuscript, which was not originally written as a calligraphy work, but it was because it was not intended to be a book, so the words were written with flying agility and ups and downs. The eternal value of "Sacrificing a Nephew" lies in its sincere feelings, unrestrained and unrestrained regardless of work, full of passion and blood and tears. Sacrificing my nephew is the most wonderful running script of Yan Zhen-Cha Te, and it is called "the second running script in the world". Yuan Zhen's postscript said, "The manuscript for my nephew Ji Ming is the second best in the world." Chen Yuan Shenri said: "The manuscript of my nephew Ji Ming is thousands of miles away; When it is vigorous, it is mixed with beauty: if it is engraved, or if it is engraved, its wonderful solution is almost natural. At that time, I didn't pay attention to thinking about writing, but calligraphy and painting didn't equal merit, but it was extremely meritorious? " As one of Yan Shu's famous "Three Drafts" (the other two drafts are "Fighting for a Seat" and "Telling Uncle"), The Draft for Sacrificing a Nephew was once included in the Song, Ming and Qing editions, but the imitators in the past dynasties did not realize it and praised it constantly.
Fourth, the comparison between the two books.
(A) the historical background of the two is different. Wang Xizhi was a native of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It was an era of advocating "beauty", which can be confirmed by Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Jin Shu. The gentry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty liked to study Laozi and Zhuangzi and yearned for an absolutely free and elegant spiritual life. This historical background and aesthetic fashion will inevitably affect all aspects of people's lives, especially the gentry class and various arts, such as clothing, Rong Zhi, music, art and, of course, calligraphy. Yan Zhenqing is from the middle Tang Dynasty. As we all know, in the Tang Dynasty, fatness was the beauty, and "magnificence" was advocated, which was evidenced by a large number of poems expecting to make contributions, as well as large buildings in Chang 'an City and, of course, Yang Guifei. Yan Zhenqing's vigorous calligraphy well reflects the aesthetic orientation of that era.
(2) Their moods are different. By reading these two articles, we can see that the Preface to the Lanting Pavilion is a work of enjoyment after the author and many friends traveled in the forest and got drunk. Moreover, according to historical records, Wang Xizhi used excellent paper and pen at that time, and a generation of masters, driven by a good mood and using good tools in a relaxed and free environment, were sure to create good works-the so-called "no excitement" The manuscript of offering sacrifices to the nephew was produced when the author's brother and nephew were killed and he could not go to pay homage. At that time, it was the "Anshi Rebellion", and the hatred for the country came from the heart and did not choose paper and pen, so there was a sense of grief and indignation from beginning to end.
(3) The pens used are different. Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion is mainly written with a pen, mostly revealing, changeable, flexible, neat and natural. Therefore, the calligraphy style created by Wang Xizhi on the basis of predecessors is beautiful, vigorous, beautiful, tall and straight, charming, beautiful and vivid (there are 20 words with extremely simple strokes in this post, and the words written by Wang Xizhi are different and have no similarities), which has made great contributions in the history of calligraphy in China. Yan Zhenqing's book "Sacrificing a Nephew" is mainly based on hidden front, purely using external extension method, vigorous, soft and eager to write, while Apollo is vigorous, changing the habit of "two kings" in the early Tang Dynasty with iron painting and silver hooks, and integrating the interest of seal script and cursive script into the running script, ranking among the "two kings"
(D) The value of both has its own merits. In the history of calligraphy, there is a famous conclusion to summarize the calligraphy styles of various prosperous periods: "Jin, Tang Shangfa, Song Shangyi and Yuan Tai". Among them, "Jin" and "Shang Tang Method" are largely based on the calligraphy styles of Wang Xizhi and Yan Zhenqing. The so-called "rhyme" refers to a charm, an atmosphere, a breath, which can be understood without words. The so-called "law" refers to the law, which we can directly understand from the brushwork and shelf structure of the works. It is incomplete to know Wang Xizhi and Yan Zhenqing only from Preface to Lanting and Sacrifice to My Nephew. Comparing them in a broader context, the two masters are immortal monuments in the history of China's calligraphy, which almost no one can surpass in later generations. The reason why we say this is determined by the background of China's calligraphy: as far as China's calligraphy is concerned, it was a "word-making stage" before Qin Dynasty, a "shape-making stage" in Yan Zhenqing era, and a "style stage" after Yan Zhenqing. No matter how the style changes, we can't escape the entanglement between "word" and "shape", so we have this saying.