How to distinguish artistic skills, expressive techniques, rhetorical techniques and expressive techniques?

Artistic technique: 1. Expression: There are four main ways of expression in poetry: narration, description, discussion and lyricism, among which description and lyricism are the focus of examination. Different description methods, such as dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination; Yes (lyrical way? There are two main ways: direct lyric and indirect lyric. ) Express your feelings directly, express your feelings through the scenery, cherish your feelings in the scenery, and blend the scenes. Because scenery is full of feelings, all scenery words are emotional words. 2. Structural form: the structural form of poetry is concerned from beginning to end, straight to the point, in-depth at all levels, first generalized and then divided, first scenery and feelings, last chapter and ambition, transition, bedding, foreshadowing and so on. 3. Figures of speech: The main figures of speech are: \ antithesis \ \ metaphor \ \ personification \ \ metonymy \ \ exaggeration \ parallelism \ \ repetition \ symbol \ sustenance, etc. 4. Writing skills: Writing skills include: Fu Bi, setting off, comparing, rendering and signing. 5. Artistic style: bold, broad-minded, bold, chic, relaxed, depressed, sad and graceful. 3. Expression: 1, borrowing scenery to express feelings or blending scenes: When a poet has a feeling about a scene or an objective thing, he puts his feelings and thoughts to be expressed in this scene and expresses them by describing this scene and this thing. In China's ancient poems, pines, bamboos, plums, orchids, rocks, streams, deserts, ancient roads, border crossings, sunset, jathyapple, cool breeze, drizzle and weeds are often the objects for poets to express their feelings. For example, Bai Juyi's wildfire never completely devoured them, and they grew taller in the spring breeze, expressing their irresistible natural laws with the tenacious struggle of grass. Affection in the blending of scenery (or things) and scenes is a way to express feelings indirectly and implicitly through the description of specific natural scenery or life scenes. For example, Du Fu knows the season when it rains, and it happens in spring. Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently, and write a scene containing the joy of spring rain; Where Liu Yong woke up from the night's wine, Yang Liuan and the waning moon in the wind? In the description of the scene, the sadness of the poet's departure is conveyed. In general, it is the happy scene of Syaraku's feelings, and the sad scene expresses sadness, but there are also ways to write the sad scene with the happy scene, or write the sad scene with Syaraku's feelings. For example, the metabolism of the Tang Dynasty was muddy, and "Xie Ting Farewell": Brother misinterpreted the boat, and the red leaves and green hills galloped. When dusk fell, I woke up, only to know that everyone had left. At this time, it began to rain again, and I was the only one who left the west wing. The beautiful and poetic scenery of the first part of the couplet sets off the poet's sadness. Don't hate him. "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: Write mourning with happy scenes, mourn Syaraku with sad scenes, and the sorrow and joy are multiplied. The poet writes poems to express his thoughts and feelings. In order to achieve this goal, he needs to write about the scenery in or around nature to arouse feelings and convey them to readers. The handling of feelings and scenes is very important. If handled properly, he will arouse the feelings of readers and let them sing with him. Such a poem is well written and touching. The handling of emotions and scenery is not just a matter of poetry. Other arts, such as novels, plays, movies and paintings, also have this problem. Generally speaking, love and scenery are in harmony. Take movies for example. When a disaster is about to happen, movies often let us see lightning and storms, so that the audience can be psychologically prepared and foresee future disasters. In the movie, when two men and women are in love, or when couples are newly married, they will go for a walk in the park. The weather is fine and spring blossoms, which is a refreshing sight. This kind of scene coordination is similar to writing poems in movies or other arts. This is called setting off or blending scenes. In China's and Western's poems, we can find examples of poets successfully dealing with the coordination or integration of emotion and scenery. Take China's poems as an example. ? The following two sentences, the combination of feelings and scenery is very successful. Fisherman Ao () (Song) Fan Zhongyan blocked the scenery, but Hengyang geese ignored it and left. The four sides are connected with each other. Thousands of miles away, the long smoke closes. A glass of turbid wine is Wan Li's home, but Ran Yan hasn't come home yet. The pipe strength is covered with frost. People don't sleep, and the general has white hair and tears. At that time, Fan Zhongyan was sent to Yan 'an to guard the border and defend Xixia. This word is his personal experience. The time is autumn, the place is Xiaxia, and the specific place is Gucheng. The characters are generals and recruiters. They left home thousands of miles away, saw the geese flying south beyond the Great Wall, heard the sad creaking sound and the sound of Qiang pipes, and naturally they were homesick, but they couldn't go back without success. Drinking cloudy wine makes you insomnia. The sad scenes written in the ci fully fit the mood of the people at that time, and the scenes blend, so that readers can appreciate the mood of these people guarding the frontier. Look at another word and write a happy scene: Feng Rensong (restaurant) C Song) spends a lot of money on buying sex, and every day he is drunk by the lake. Yu Qian used to know West Lake Road and was arrogant in front of the restaurant. Singing and dancing in the fragrance of red apricots, swinging in the green Yang Ying. The spring breeze is ten miles beautiful, and the flowers on the head are biased. The original boat carries the spring home, and I pay for the lake smoke. Tomorrow, I will go to the lake to look for the lost flower shop with the residual drunkenness. It says here that when the spring is bright, among the apricot blossoms and poplars, tourists take a boat trip, drink, sing and dance. Let readers fully feel the joy of spring outing. You can also set off people's sadness with happy scenes. Wordsworth said in the poem Two April Mornings that on an April morning, he went to Shandong with his friend Matthew. It was a beautiful spring day, the sun was shining, and the grass and running water were refreshing, but Matthew stopped to sigh ||||| one of the elements of artistic skills and literary creation. It refers to a set of skills used by writers and artists to refine life materials, design work frames, arrange plot clues, shape images, reflect life and express themes by using artistic means such as language, color and sound. It is the result of literary and art workers constantly observing life, analyzing and studying life, assiduously studying and critically learning from the artistic experience of predecessors in their long-term creative practice. Artistic skills play an important role in creating perfect forms, correctly expressing the ideological content of works, enhancing artistic appeal and profoundly reflecting the essence of life. The role of literary and art workers in familiarizing themselves with life. Artistic skills can't make up for the lack of ideas and life experience of writers and artists. Broadly speaking, expression refers to the special sentence organization used by the author in writing words and expressing thoughts and feelings. By analyzing a work, we can grasp its special performance from point to surface. First, there are many rhetorical skills of words and sentences, including metaphor, symbol, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, contrast, personification, allusions and so on. We should pay attention to different styles of works when grasping its expression techniques as a whole. The expressive techniques of lyric prose are rich and colorful, such as borrowing scenery to express emotion, supporting things to express emotion, combining cadence and symbolism, etc. Narrative writing skills such as beginning and end coordination, finishing touch, clever use of rhetoric, proper details, combination of narration and discussion, positive and negative comparison, etc. Argumentative writing skills such as quoting classics, clever analogy, reverse seeking differences, positive and negative comparison, analogy reasoning, etc. Novel description, comparison, bedding and reference, suspense and interpretation, real writing and imaginary writing. The analysis of expression is a very general topic. Pay attention to the requirements of solving complete geographical problems when answering questions, and answer them concisely and accurately. For some topics, such as appreciating writing skills, it is necessary to accurately grasp the context, theme and genre style of the article, and choose the most important answer. It is not necessary to cover everything, such as the various methods of shaping characters in novels, such as the various methods of expressing emotions in prose, and try to get points. Rhetoric: There are 63 categories and 78 subcategories. There are metaphors: simile, metaphor, metonymy, metaphor (also known as complex metaphor), inverted metaphor (also known as inverse metaphor), counter metaphor, mutual metaphor (also known as metonymy), metaphor (also known as strong metaphor), metaphor, embellishment, quotation and metaphor; There are sketch, analogy (also called contrast), avoiding repetition, changing use, layering, padding (also called contrast), setting off (also called contrast, setting off), inversion, inversion, reduplication, truthfulness (also called thimble and couplet), contrast, antithesis (also called duality, team warfare and parallelism) There are overlapping intricacies, compound deviation, * * use, combination, call, intertextuality, conversion, palindrome, demotion, metonymy, rhetorical questions, ambiguity, parallelism, antithesis, imitation (also divided into imitation, imitation), list, connection and exaggeration. Expression skill: It is not only an expression skill, but also an art of thinking, a flash of wisdom and interest. Some people's language skills are very subtle and unique, and the bottom of the pen shines. Such as: depicting the scenery, picturesque; Write characters, form and spirit are more effective; Describe the plot, ups and downs; Lyric feeling, hearty; Expressing thoughts is meaningful and profound; Life is interesting. This shows that as far as language expression itself is concerned, there are still problems of language skills and aesthetic value. |||||1,first-person narrative 2, third-person narrative 3, sequential narrative 4, flashback 5, insertion 6, supplementary narrative 7, sub-narrative 8, detail narrative 9, sketch 10, direct lyric 165438, indirect lyric 65438. Taking things as clues 16, people as clues 17, thought changes as clues 18, central events as clues 19, sketch method 20, rotation method 2 1, bamboo shoot skin method 22, personification method 23 and transformation method 24. Internal and external combination method 3 1, step-by-step transformation method 32, explanation and introduction method 33, environment setting method 34, colored pen drawing method 35, far-near combination method 36, time series transformation method 37, growth and change method 38, expanded association method 39, highlighting key points method 40, comparative comparison method 4 1, praise and praise method 42, static sketch method 43, total score. Growth and change method 48, experimental proof method 49, group description method 50, on-site witness method 5 1, personification method 52, animal self-narration method 53, discussion and lyric method 54, scenery setting method 55, seasonal characteristics method 56, changing at any time method 57, intra-day change method 58, fixed-point scene change method 59, fixed-point scene change method 60 and moving step change method 666. Descriptive discussion method 65, dynamic and static combination method 66, personification method 67, similarity and difference comparison method 68, scenery illusion method 69, scenery borrowing lyric method 70, directional introduction method 7 1, visit introduction method 72, picture combination method 73, classification introduction method 74, touching the scene and feeling method 75, sketch method 76, meticulous painting method 77, and finishing touch method. Expand imagination method 83, cartoon method 84, self-introduction method 85, combination time method 86, step-by-step depth method 87, continuous action method 88, alternate narration method 89, general description method 90, scattered flower method 9 1, action decomposition method 92, monologue method 93, dialogue method 94, direct description method 95, recall imagination method 96 and dream illusion method 98. Contrast writing 10 1, detail expression ||||1. Expression methods: narration, description, lyricism, explanation and discussion II. Expression methods: symbol, contrast, contrast, suspense, echo before and after, desire to promote first, borrow things to express ambition, borrow things to express feelings, associate, imagine, set off (. Irony IV. Six narrative elements: time, place, character, cause, process and result of events V. Narrative sequence: time sequence, flashback and insertion VI. Description angle: frontal description, side description VII. Method of describing characters: language, action, expression, psychology and appearance VIII. Description angle of scenery: vision, hearing, taste and so on. Descriptive (or lyrical) ways: positive (also called direct) and negative (also called indirect) XI. Narrative mode: general narrative, detailed description XII. Description order: chronological order, spatial order, and logical order 13. Description methods: examples, figures, analogy, comparison, definition, classification, explanation, imitation and quotation. The specific environment is sixteen. Environmental description is divided into three elements: natural environment and social environment. Argument, argument and argument seventeen. Debate is divided into factual debate and rational debate. Argumentation methods: example (or fact) argument, rational argument (sometimes referred to as citation argument), contrast (or positive and negative contrast) argument, metaphor argument XX. Argumentation method: argumentation and refutation. There are often parallel and progressive parts. Twenty-two, the role of quotation marks: citation; Emphasize; Specific appellation; Negative, ironic, ironic 23. Dash usage: prompt, comment, summary, progress, topic change, interjection. Others: (1) What is the function of a sentence in the text? 1, prefix: opening point; Render the atmosphere (narrative, novel), bury the foreshadowing (narrative, novel), and set suspense (novel) as an auxiliary foreshadowing for the following; Below the general collar; ? 2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above; ? 3. At the end of the article: point out the center (narrative, novel); Deepen the theme (narrative, novel); Take care of the beginning (argumentative, narrative, novel)? (2) The function of rhetoric: (1) its own function; (2) Combined with sentence context. ? 1, figuratively personified: vivid; ? Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics. ? 2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ; ? Answer format: emphasis+object+characteristics? 3; Questioning: arouse readers' attention and thinking; ? Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics; Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc. ? 4. Contrast: Emphasis? 5. Repetition: Emphasize the key points (3) Answer to the meaning of the sentence:? In such a topic, a word or phrase in a sentence is often expressed by metaphor, contrast, metonymy and symbol. When answering the question, reveal the object it refers to, and then clear the sentence. ? (4) Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why? ? Verb: No. Because this word is written accurately, vividly and concretely? Adjective: No. Because this word vividly describes? Adverbs (such as all, most, very only, etc. ):No. Because this word accurately describes the situation (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc. ), after the change, it becomes inconsistent with the facts. ? (5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why? ? I can't. Because (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence) (2) this word corresponds to the above one by one (3) these words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be exchanged. (6) Induction of paragraph meaning? 1. Narration: Give a clear answer (when and where) who does what? Format: (time+place)+people+things. ? 2. explanatory text: the answer clearly States what the object is and what its characteristics are. Format: description (introduction)+description object+description content (characteristics)? 3. Argumentative essay: clearly answer what the question is and what the author's point of view is. Format: What demonstration method is used to prove (demonstrate)+demonstrate ||| artistic technique, also known as expression technique. Various concrete expression methods used by writers and artists in their creation. In literary creation, there are narration, description, fiction, contrast, exaggeration, satire, lyricism, discussion and comparison. Broadly speaking, expression refers to the special sentence organization used by the author when writing words and expressing thoughts and feelings. When analyzing a work, we can grasp its special performance from point to surface. First, there are many rhetorical skills in words and sentences, such as metaphor, symbol, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, contrast, personification and allusions. When grasping the means of expression from the whole work, we should pay attention to their differences. Narrative writing skills such as beginning and end coordination, finishing touch, clever use of rhetoric, proper details, combination of narration and discussion, positive and negative comparison, etc. Argumentative writing skills such as quoting classics, clever analogy, reverse seeking differences, positive and negative comparison, analogy reasoning, etc. Novel description, comparison, bedding and reference, suspense and interpretation, real writing and imaginary writing. The analysis of expression is a very general topic. Pay attention to the requirements of solving complete geographical problems when answering questions, and answer them concisely and accurately. For some topics, such as appreciating writing skills, it is necessary to accurately grasp the context, theme and genre style of the article, and choose the most important answer. It is not necessary to cover everything, such as the various methods of shaping characters in novels, such as the various methods of expressing emotions in prose, and try to get points. 1. Expression: Four expressions are mainly used in poetry: narration, description, discussion and lyricism, among which description and lyricism are the focus of examination. Different description methods, such as dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination; Yes (lyrical way? There are two main ways: direct lyric and indirect lyric. ) Express your feelings directly, express your feelings through the scenery, cherish your feelings in the scenery, and blend the scenes. Because scenery is full of feelings, all scenery words are emotional words. 2. Structural form: the structural form of poetry is concerned from beginning to end, straight to the point, in-depth at all levels, first generalized and then divided, first scenery and feelings, last chapter and ambition, transition, bedding, foreshadowing and so on. 3. Figures of speech: The main figures of speech are: \ antithesis \ \ metaphor \ \ personification \ \ metonymy \ \ exaggeration \ parallelism \ \ repetition \ symbol \ sustenance, etc. 4. Writing skills: Writing skills include: Fu Bi, setting off, comparing, rendering and signing. 5. Artistic style: According to the needs of expression, the rhetorical devices such as bold, broad-minded, bold, natural and unrestrained, indifferent, diluted, depressed, sad and graceful are used to improve the effect of language expression and make it accurate, vivid and vivid. Commonly used rhetorical devices include metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, repetition, rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions. In addition, the article also involves metaphor, metonymy, quotation, pun, irony, thimble, address and so on. Learn rhetoric, don't blindly pick noun terms, combine specific context, experience the expressive effect of rhetoric, and learn to use rhetoric to make sentences. There are 63 categories and 78 subcategories of known rhetorical devices. There are metaphors: simile, metaphor, metonymy, metaphor (also known as complex metaphor), inverted metaphor (also known as inverse metaphor), counter metaphor, mutual metaphor (also known as metonymy), metaphor (also known as strong metaphor), metaphor, embellishment, quotation and metaphor; There are sketch, analogy (also called contrast), avoiding repetition, changing use, layering, padding (also called contrast), setting off (also called contrast, setting off), inversion, inversion, reduplication, truthfulness (also called thimble and couplet), contrast, antithesis (also called duality, team warfare and parallelism) There are overlapping intricacies, compound deviation, * * use, combination, call, intertextuality, conversion, palindrome, demotion, metonymy, rhetorical questions, ambiguity, parallelism, antithesis, imitation (also divided into imitation, imitation), list, connection and exaggeration. Expression skills refer to the writing principles, rules and methods used by articles to express the content of articles. Expression skills mainly include: ① expression; (2) expression techniques; (3) material selection and cutting; (4) the structure of writing; ⑤ Creation of artistic conception, characterization and application of rhetorical methods. Expression skills can also be divided into general skills and dialectical skills. General skills can also be divided into: Bi Xing is a metaphor, Xing is to say something else to cause words to be sung first. ), contrast, contrast (divided into positive contrast and negative contrast), suspense (including setting pause and releasing pause), coincidence (the key to coincidence is a clever word, which is a basic requirement, both reasonable and unexpected. Only by being novel and unique can we see their ingenuity. Symbol (consists of two elements: symbolic body and symbolic meaning. ), synaesthesia (that is, communicating the feelings of different senses, causing sensory transfer through association, in order to feel the feelings of writing. ), stream of consciousness and collage. Dialectical skills can be divided into: virtual and real (real is