Introduction to the Book of Songs
The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poetry, which contains 500 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period (1122 BC to 570 BC). Poetry over the years. The works in "The Book of Songs" are all librettos of Hele. The ancients divided the themes of "The Book of Songs" into three parts: "Wind", "Ya" and "Song" according to the nature of music. There are 305 poems in total.
"Wind" is a folk song from various places. The first and fifteen national styles include folk songs of Zhou Nan, Zhao Nan, Bei, Yong, Wei, Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Hui, Cao and Bin. At that time, a small part of them were poems from the Western Zhou Dynasty, and most of them were poems from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
"Ya" is a song of the court in the middle or late Western Zhou Dynasty. It is a work of scholar-bureaucrats. "Daya" is about the joy of court gatherings, with thirty-one chapters; "Xiaoya" is about the joy of banquets, with seventy-four chapters in existence.
"Ode" is a sacrificial poem in the ancestral temple, a sacrificial song that "reports success to the gods". In terms of time, the oldest one is "Song of Zhou", and all thirty-one chapters were used by the Emperor of Zhou. The four chapters of "Song of Lu" were written by the king of Lu to praise the Duke of Zhou. They were produced in the seventh century BC. The five chapters of "Ode to Shang" are the songs of the Song monarchs who were descendants of the Yin and Shang dynasties. They were produced between the seventh and eighth centuries BC.
The Six Meanings and Four Beginnings of "The Book of Songs": "The Preface to the Poetry" originally states: "The Book of Songs has six meanings: the first is wind, the second is Fu, the third is Bi, and the fourth is Xing , the fifth is Ya, and the sixth is Song. 』The ancients called the six meanings of "Poetry", and there are two different groups: Feng, Ya, and Song refer to the content and style of the poem; Fu, Bi, and Xing refer to the writing method of the poem.
The first chapter of "Guofeng" is "Guan Sui", the first chapter of "Xiao Ya" is "Lu Ming", the first chapter of "Daya" is "King Wen", and the first chapter of "Song" It is "Qing Temple", these four chapters are called "Four Beginnings".