Tao Yuanming
Famous sentence: under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
Guide reading
Tao Yuanming wrote 20 drinking poems, which were not written consecutively at the same time. In terms of content, I express my feelings and deep affection by drinking. This poem ranks fifth, describing the poet's leisurely seclusion and expressing his inner feelings.
Original poem
There are no chariots and horses to build houses under human conditions.
Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-prejudice.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely see Nanshan ③.
The weather is getting better every day, and the birds are back.
This makes sense. I forgot to say it if I wanted to defend myself.
To annotate ...
① Building a house: Building a house. Er: That's right. ③ Nanshan: refers to Lushan Mountain. 4 Sunset: Near dusk. ⑤ Come back with me: Come back with me. ⑥ "This" sentence: "Zhuangzi's Theory of Everything": "The debater also has no argument." Zhuangzi Foreign Things: "The speaker thinks too much and forgets to speak with pride." These two sentences are translated into Zhuangzi language, which means: I am inspired by nature and understand the true meaning of life, but it can't be expressed in words, and I don't need to express it in words.
Translate poetry
Build a house and live in a busy city center.
But it can put aside the noise of cars and horses.
May I ask why you can do this?
I think I live in a remote place because I have a noble heart.
Under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums,
A leisurely glance at Nanshan seems to be just around the corner.
The scenery in the mountains is really beautiful at night.
Birds return home in droves.
It contains the true meaning of life,
Want to express but forget what language to use.
Make an appreciative comment
The carefree state of mind of the poet who abandoned his official position and retired to seclusion reflects his attitude and experience in life, abandoning worldly fame, reveling in nature, and even stepping into the realm of "true meaning" and forgetting words.
The content of the poem takes "far heart" as the key link and can be divided into two layers. The first four sentences are a layer. The poet's mood after getting rid of secular troubles shows his thoughts and feelings of despising officialdom and unwilling to go along with the rulers. The last six sentences are one layer, which describes the beautiful night scene of Nanshan and the endless fun the poet got from it, and shows the poet's true feelings and noble personality of loving rural life. Among them, "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" is a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages. Because of the spiritual realm of "keeping your heart away from yourself", you will leisurely pick chrysanthemums under the east fence and look up at the mountains. It is so carefree and different. These two sentences set off the poet's leisurely mood by describing the objective natural scenery. At the end, the poet realized the "true meaning" from the natural beauty in the mountains in the evening, which gave readers endless imagination and made people memorable.
The artistic conception of this poem ranges from being quiet and forgetting the world, to being materialized and forgetting my words, and then to being proud and forgetting my words. Wang Guowei said in "Ci on Earth": "There is no me, so I look at things by things, so I don't know what I am and what things are." It can be said that this poem is a masterpiece of Tao Yuanming's "view of things by things".