Du Mu
Down and out in the Jianghu, carrying wine, with a slim waist and a light palm.
I dream of Yangzhou once every ten years, and I have won the reputation of a brothel.
Notes] (1) Express feelings with poems. (2) Down and out: frustrated and down. There is a sense of wandering here. Jianghu: refers to all parts of the country. Carrying wine: carrying wine. (3) Chu's waist is slender: King Chu Ling has a thin waist, and all his lieutenants are on a diet, so they are hungry that they can stand up by holding the wall. See Mozi Universal Love. Light in the palm: According to legend, Zhao Feiyan, the queen of Emperor Han Chengdi, was light and could dance on the palm. Here refers to Yangzhou singer's light and slim posture. (4) Awakening: Awakening. Yangzhou Dream: When the poet was thirty-one or two years old, he was in charge of the secretary in Huainan, leading a dissolute life and indulging in debauchery. After awakening, it seemed like a dream. (5) win: gain. One is "occupy". Brothel: this refers to a beautiful building, and here refers to the residence of prostitutes. Misfortune: fickle.
[ brief comment] Du Mu himself cares about politics, and he has many political poems. The theme of this poem has always been controversial. From the last two sentences of this poem, we can see the author's inner self-mockery and reflection on his years of dissolute life. According to the story of fishing in Tiaoxi, Hu Zai, the author of the Southern Song Dynasty, suspected that there must be something in the poem after reading Du Mu's poem "Farewell", so he read the text of Zhi Tian Lu as follows: "Niu Qizhang (monk and Confucian) is handsome and Wei Yang (Yangzhou), and Mu Zhi (Du Mu) is traveling in disguise. The public heard of it, and several generations of street children (street pawns) sneaked with Mu Zhi, just in case. After Mu Zhi, he called for the gathering of the remains, said goodbye, and took Zongyi as a warning. Mu Zhi began to keep it a secret, and he was ordered to take a basket, all of which were posted by the street, and Secretary Yun Du was kind. It is a great feeling. " Hu Zai's poem "Fang Zhimu's poem speaks of the escape of the day." This story tells us that during his stay in Yangzhou, Du Mu was very disorderly and often went in and out of prostitutes' homes. Fortunately, Niu Sengru read him the note written by his protector, which made Du Mu feel greatly ashamed. Later, when he recalled this experience, there was the poem "Farewell". Therefore, there is no doubt that the theme of this poem is mainly about Du Mu's remorse for his dissolute life. Of course, Du Mu, a young man, is both an easy talent and a high-ranking scholar. He is good at both poetry and prose, and his reputation is heavy for a while. However, he has the ambition to help the country and the world, but he has never been able to display his ambitions. After ten years of being a staff member, it is not a taste in my heart to be subordinate to others, so there are some words in this poem, such as "down and out", "Jianghu", "carrying wine" and "ten years", which imply that it is really difficult to be a subordinate official. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that Du Mu's poem contains a sigh of failure in his career. It's just that it's not written for the sake of clarity, but it's implicit. From this poem, we can see that after many years of life experience, the poet looks back as if the wind is blowing people awake, and has a new understanding of his past and his lifestyle for many years. He is no longer a superficial son, but has become mature and deep, and his outlook on life has changed in his thoughts and feelings.