◎ For example, The Book of Songs is the source of realism, and The Songs of Chu (Qu Yuan's works) is the source of romanticism. The ancient poems of the Han Dynasty are full of sadness,
◎ Three Cao (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) poems are desolate and vigorous. Wang Wei's poems are subtle and vivid, while frontier poems (represented by Gao Shi and Cen Can) are magnificent and extraordinary.
◎ Li Bai's cynical life and fresh and elegant style;
◎ Du Fu's poems pay attention to the life of the country and people, and have a gloomy and frustrated style.
◎ Lotte (Bai Juyi) tastes both refined and popular,
◎ Li He's poems change strangely.
◎ The poem of Yishan is beautiful and elegant,
◎ Du Mu's poems are subtle and graceful,
◎ A group of "Huajian School" poets (Wei Zhuang, Ouyang Jiong, Li Xun, Sun Kexian, etc. ), represented by Wen, has both bright and fragrant styles and fresh and elegant works.
Li Yu's poems are sad but delicate and touching.
◎ Yong Shu (Ouyang Xiu)' s words are beautiful and beautiful, and the words are close to family.
◎ Wen (Fan Zhongyan) is desolate and tragic.
◎ Yan Shu's Ci is clear and sparse,
◎ Su Shi's poems are vigorous and bold,
◎ Liu Yong's ci is sentimental,
◎ Ci Gu (Huang Tingjian) is fluent and natural.
◎ Qin Guan's words are sincere and sincere.
◎ Yi An (Li Qingzhao) is graceful and sad,
◎ Chengzhai (Yang Wanli) is fresh and lively.
◎ Lu You, known as Xiao Taibai, is bold and unrestrained, clear and smooth;
◎ Jia Xuan (Xin Qiji)' s ci style is not only the majestic theme, but also many works are euphemistic and implicit.
Common styles of poetic language
1, bold:
Boldness refers to the greatest strength and momentum of qi. Its characteristics are: strong bones, magnificent mountains and rivers, lofty universe, magnanimity, grandeur and grandeur. It is like a roaring sea, not like the rippling West Lake. If it turned out to be Kunlun Mountain, it would not be a small and pleasant Suzhou garden. In specific works, some are ambitious and vigorous,
○ Such as Liu Bang's Song of the Wind; Some are generous and sad, and they are dead.
Song of the wind
The strong wind blows, the clouds fly, I unify the world, glory goes to glory, how can I get a warrior, and the country is defended in all directions!
○ For example, Xiang Yu's Gaixia Song; Some are open-minded and full of lofty sentiments,
Song of Gaixia
It is difficult to pull out the mountain, but you will not die when it is unfavorable.
What can I do without dying? What can I do if I am worried?
○ Such as Cao Cao's "Watching the Sea". Boldness is the era style of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, which embodies the prosperous scene and vitality of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Go out of Xiamen and see the sea.
On the east coast, climb Jieshi Mountain to see the vast sea. The sea is so vast that the islands stand high on the sea.
Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging. The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean.
Journey to the sun and the moon, if you go out. Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise.
I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.
○ Wang Changling's levee (bright moon in Qin dynasty, customs in Han dynasty) is vast and magnificent;
The first of the two songs, the bright moon in Qin dynasty and the custom in Han dynasty.
It is still the moon and border pass in Qin and Han dynasties, and the enemy has fought a protracted war.
If Wei Qing, who attacked Longcheng, and Li Guang, the flying general, were alive today, the Huns would not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan.
○ Wang Zhihuan's "The Embankment" (the Yellow River is far above the white clouds) is rich in imagination and has a broad realm;
out of stuck
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain.
Why should a strong brother complain about willow? Spring is not enough.
○ Meng Haoran's "Clouds and Dreams Rise Again, Besieging Yueyang" ("Lin Dongting") is magnificent and magnificent;
○ How lofty and magnificent is Wang Wei's "Lonely Smoke in the Desert, Long River Falling in the Yen" ("Making Fortress")! What can really be called "vigorous" are frontier poets represented by Gao Shi and Cen Can. In their works, there are wolf mountains, deserts, secluded fields, isolated cities, extreme cold and heat, grief and indignation of unity, and determination to defend the frontier to the death.
2, unrestrained: unrestrained, called unrestrained. Its characteristics not only show the characteristics of the poet as the subject, but also show the characteristics of the depicted object as the object. As far as the subject matter is concerned, the emotion is stirring and the style is high; Imagination is strange and exaggerated; Ambitious and broad-minded; Suck into the universe and pull up mountains and rivers; Arrogant and rough, wild and unrestrained. As far as the object is concerned, it is often huge in size and strength, showing its unique grandeur and sublimity, or showing a vast and boundless scene, so it is magnificent, magnificent and ethereal.
○ Li Bai is a master of the uninhibited school, characterized by intense emotion, high style, strange imagination and exaggeration.
"Don't you see how the water of the Yellow River flows down from the sky into the ocean and never comes back?" ("Into the Wine") magnificent, a thousand miles;
"The grass is green and white, and the west is restored to the east." ("Antique") depicts the rapid passage of time and the speed of personnel change, in one go, seamless;
"Yanshan snowflakes are as big as seats" (Popular in the North)
"White hair and three thousands of feet, long." Although exaggeration is unreasonable, it makes sense.
○ Su Hexin is the most outstanding representative of the uninhibited school of Song Ci. Su Ci pays attention to integrating impassioned, tragic and desolate feelings into Ci, and is good at writing people and chanting things, winning with heroic images, flying with majestic momentum and magnificent scenes. Nian Nujiao. Nostalgia on Red Cliff is a masterpiece.
Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia
Gone forever, the waves are rough. Romantic figures through the ages. Old camp west, people say it's the war of the Three Kingdoms, Battle of Red Cliffs. The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow. As picturesque as a mountain, how many heroes there are at one time!
Think back to Gong Jin, when Xiao Qiao just got married, he was handsome, holding a feather fan and wearing a black silk scarf. He talked and laughed, and it's all over. I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely. Life is like a dream, and a bottle returns to the moon.
The sentence "The River Never Returning" captures all the people who are active in the vast and long time and space, and it is magnificent. "West of the Old Base Area" to "Dust" is an ancient ode with lofty and deep feelings, while the sentence "Sculling in the Air" combines magnificent situation, bright colors and loud sounds, giving people a kind of "hug". A few words of "wandering in the old country" turned to myself, and my feelings also fell from excitement to depression. The whole word has a magnificent tone and sings "You must be a big shot in Kansai, holding an iron plate".
3. Depression:
If boldness is a volcanic eruption, the depression is an undercurrent. When the poet is elegant and chic, he is uninhibited; When the poet meditates and is anxious and angry, he becomes depressed.
○ Li Bai is unrestrained, light and clear, so he rises and flies into the sky. If wild cranes are idle, they are elegant everywhere;
○ Du Fu was depressed, and his weight made him fall heavily, diving into his heart, stirring his feelings and tossing and turning. What is depression? Depression refers to the profundity, richness, anxiety and suggestibility of emotions. "Sinking or not floating, it is not thin." Du Fu's poems are extremely rich. Sadness is the main content of Du Fu's poems. His sadness is not only personal, but also national and emotional, which makes his depression gain deep emotion and lofty value. His "Three Officials", "Three Farewells", "Car Shop" and "Cottage Broken by Autumn Wind" are all melancholy masterpieces.
4. sadness:
Touching the scene, hurting people when seeing things, tragic and generous, this is called sadness. Generally, poets lament the ever-changing diseases, the speed of time passing, the seriousness of people's disasters, the ups and downs of fate, and the anger of pent-up ambitions, while those who care about the country and the people and are generous and sad look at them with sad eyes. It can be seen that compassion is the voice of the times and the cry of the poet. Faced with the turbulent reality, the poet expressed compassion out of a serious sense of responsibility. Chen Ziang's poems are famous for their sadness. Youzhou rostrum is the most exciting elegy. With great grief and indignation, the poet climbed the tower with tears in his eyes. Facing the vast land in the sky, draw a continuous time picture of the past, present and future with a pen like a rafter, and draw a vast picture of space. Its solemn and stirring song resounds through the sky, and its generosity transcends space. ○ Another example is Xin Qiji's words.
5, Jun Shuang:
Just handsome, handsome and fluent.
○ The representative poet is Du Mu. His poems, whether ancient or modern, are full of lofty sentiments, talking about history, lamenting the disadvantages of the times, summing up lessons, worrying about the country and the people, having great ambitions to support the sky, and feeling that there is no way to serve. On the other hand, they are bold and unrestrained, chic and romantic, elegant and carefree, and refreshing.
"Crossing Huaqing Palace": "Chang 'an looks back at the embroidered pile, and the top of the mountain opens a thousand times. Riding the world of mortals and laughing, no one knew it was litchi. "In a subtle and ironic style, it profoundly exposed the life of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. He was extravagant, extravagant and extravagant, and lived a life of drunkenness. Another example is Red Cliff, which has a lively rhythm, Mountain Walking, which is light and swaying, Poems of Spring in Jiangnan (a thousand miles of birds sing green and reflect red), and A dream in Yangzhou for ten years leads to a poor brothel (Farewell).
6. Dilution:
Dilution, that is, harmony without difference, contains the characteristics of leisure, silence, indifference and far-reaching
○ Wang Wei's landscape poems are characterized by leisure, tranquility, lightness and remoteness. He is a master of dilution. Such as "people idle osmanthus, the night is quiet and the mountains are empty." When the moon rises, the birds are startled, and when the stream is deep, the song is deep. There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I hear a voice. The sun shines on me from the green moss. "(Abatis) Here, there is no noise of the city, no human disputes, no external interference, only the tranquility of nature and the vitality of flowers and birds. Poets indulge in enjoyment, admiration and intoxication, throw themselves into the embrace of nature and become an organism of nature. The nature described by the poet always beats the poet's pulse, whirls the poet's voice and shakes the poet's soul. Therefore, nature is personified. The nature described by the poet is the poet himself, reflecting the poet's diluted state of mind. The poet himself has integrated into nature. This kind of melting is to melt the subjective feelings into the objective scenery and pursue the emptiness without me, which is the extreme of dilution. But what is diluted is not the country's, not the people's, so this kind of sadness is disillusioned, dead, but full of vitality. It is the result of the poet's transformation from active life to solidified life, and his vitality turns from flow to tranquility.
7. be broad-minded:
That is, unrestrained, open-minded, chic and elegant, noble and unique,
○ The representative writer is Su Shi. Su Shi's ci is not only bold, but also broad-minded in style. Su Shi, who has great talent but poor talent, should not only adhere to the tradition, but also conform to the current situation; It is necessary to "do your best" and "know your destiny" so that his character has typical "broad-minded" characteristics. Such as "life is like a dream, a statue is still on the river" ("Nian Nujiao. Red Cliff Nostalgia ") and" Old People Chatting about Juvenile Madness "("Jiangchengzi ". Hunting in Michigan) is obviously broad-minded. Su Shi sometimes tries his best to get rid of himself and blend in with nature, so that his limited life can be eternal in the movement of nature without beginning or end; Let all kinds of troubles in life be freed from the pure and beautiful nature beyond reality, purify yourself from all kinds of contradictions with society, and live in harmony with the laws created by nature. For example, "Water Tune"? When did the moon begin to appear? It equates life phenomenon with natural phenomenon, philosophy of life with natural laws, and obliterates the boundary between time and space. Shang Kun regretted not being able to "go home by the wind" and immediately explained himself with "what is it like?" Xia Kun regretted that "people have joys and sorrows" and immediately explained that "the moon is full of rain and shine, and it is difficult to be complete in ancient times", thus getting comfort and inspiration from nature and getting rid of the troubles of life. Su Shi sometimes tries his best to enrich himself and strengthen his spiritual world to the maximum extent, so as to resist all external intrusions and achieve detachment. Sometimes, by being indifferent to one's ambition, longing for seclusion, leading an honest and clean life, or even binge drinking, talking about Zen and self-anesthesia, one can gain psychological detachment from the painful life, dark reality and dirty officialdom.
⒏ fresh
Its characteristics are novel language and unconventional. Freshness is generally used in landscape poetry. Generally, the poetic style is distinct, the language is popular, the metaphor is novel and unique, and it contains the author's joy. The fresh wind is common in the following poems. First of all, most pastoral poets,
○ Tao Qian's poems are mainly plain and sometimes fresh.
The poems of Wang Wei and Meng Haoran are fresh. Plain is different from mediocrity and plain. It is the deep feelings and rich thoughts expressed in simple language, full of affection, so it is often dull and thoughtful. As Wang Anshi said, it seems the most bizarre, but in fact it is easy to achieve but difficult. Tao Yuanming was the first one who was plain, and not many people could write his poems plain.
○ Li Yu's writing is definitely not dull, but has a strong sense of strength. Gorgeous as a spring outing in Qiantang Lake: several early warblers compete for warm trees, and whose family Chun Yan cuts spring mud. Li Shangyin's poems are not only gorgeous, but also obscure.
The nearest flower
Walking leisurely in the night pavilion, at first sight of Qingming, gradually feeling the injury of spring dusk; Counting the sound of rain and wind, hazy moonlight clouds come and go.
Peach and plum in the darkness of spring, who is on the swing, whispering and laughing.
Langtaosha
The rain outside the curtain is gurgling, and the spring is fading. Luo Can can't stand the cold. I don't know that I am a guest in my dream, and I am greedy all day.
Don't fight alone! Infinite mountains and rivers are easier to see when you are away. The flowing water is gone in spring, and the world is a piece.
Meet you.
Hualin thanked Chunhong and hurried away, but the cold rain came early and the wind came late.
When do you still have a heavy drink when you are in tears? Natural people hate water when they grow up!
Meet you.
Alone in the west wing, the moon is like a hook, the phoenix tree is lonely, and the deep courtyard locks the clear autumn.
It is sad, especially the general taste in my heart.
Young mermaid
When will there be a bright moon in the Spring and Autumn Period? How much do you know about the past? The small building was easterly again last night, so the country can't look at the moon.
Carved fences and jade articles should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed them. How much sorrow can you have, just like a river flowing eastward.
Midnight song
How can we avoid sadness and hatred in life? What is the limit of ecstasy alone! The dream of the old country is back, and I feel tears falling down my eyes.
Who is the tallest building? Remember that autumn is sunny. The past is empty, still like a dream.
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○ Li He's poems are gorgeous, even wonderful.
Your son's midnight song curled up in a hookah and cried at night. The winding swamp is full of hibiscus waves and the waist is white and cold.
Twenty-three horse poems
The fur pattern of the dragon horse is like a copper coin, and the white hoof gallops like stepping on a cloud. But no one weaves a splendid picture, and who will cast a Jin Lu for it.
Twenty-three horse poems
In winter, grass roots are sweet, and on the way to Beijing, snow is like salt. I don't know whether my mouth is hard or soft, whether to touch the tribulus or to eat it.
Twenty-three horse poems
I suddenly remembered Zhou Muwang, the son of the emperor, and drove on the Yushan Mountain. Leave the amusement park with Zou, and Hongji can gallop to the horizon.
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(9) clear and fast.
Understand unobstructed, is not beating around the bush, hit the nail on the head, hit the nail on the head. Nothing is brighter than Bai Juyi. Others, such as implication and conciseness, are not unique to that poet. Most poets have some more or less. In fact, when doing a problem, we often can't separate a feature, but often put it together, such as simplicity, freshness and plainness.
The language style of poetry is far from being summarized by these words. For example:
1 concise expression: washing (practicing): the language is concise and neat. Simple and clear: no sculpture, no decoration.
Simple, fresh and elegant, natural,
3. Gorgeous words
4, depression and desolation: low, vigorous, soothing, sad, etc. And majestic: majestic, strong and vigorous. And so on, this is generally used in Du Fu, Xin Qiji, Lu You and others.