A classic seven-character Yuefu poem
An old battle song
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty | Author: Li Jie
During the day, the beacon tower climbing the mountain observes and gives an alarm, and at night, the horse leads the horse to the riverside.
The dark wind blew bursts of sounds, like the pipa of a princess in the Han Dynasty, full of hidden grievances.
The clouds in the wilderness are not near the city wall at all, and the rain and snow cover the boundless desert.
The sorrowful Hu Yanyan flew through the air, and HUS soldiers were all in tears.
It is said that Yumenguan has blocked the road, so the soldiers can only follow the general around.
The bones of death are buried in the wilderness every year, and only grapes from the western regions are sent to the Han people.
Appreciation/appreciation
"Joining the army" is an old topic in Yuefu. This poem borrows the Emperor Gaozu to expand the territory and satirizes Xuanzong's use of troops. In fact, writing contemporary things, afraid of violating taboos, added the word "ancient" to the title. Ironically, the behavior of contemporary emperors is arrogant, treating human life like dirt, and sorrow is greater than strength. The whole poem recounts the sufferings of joining the army and is full of non-war thoughts. Thousands of bones are buried in the wilderness, and only grapes are planted in the Central Plains. Obviously, it is not worth the loss.
This poem begins with a tense military life. Climb up the mountain during the day to see if there are border police holding bonfires in all directions; At dusk, I went to Jiaohe River to let the horses drink water (Jiaohe River is in the west of Turpan, Xinjiang, which refers to the frontier river here). The "Diao Dou" in three or four sentences is an ancient military copper pot with a capacity of one barrel. It is used for cooking during the day and patting at night instead of watches. "Princess Pipa" refers to the pipa music played by Princess Xijun when she married Wusunguo in the Han Dynasty. Of course, this is not the sound of joy, but only the tone of sadness. One or two sentences describe the situation of "day" and "dusk", and three or four sentences then describe the situation of night: the wind and sand are filled with darkness, and only the beat of the night patrol in the military camp and the plaintive pipa sound can be heard. The scene is very solemn and desolate. "Pedestrian" refers to recruiting, which, like the next princess's voice, causes a * * * sound.
Then, the poet deliberately rendered the border environment. Where the military camp is located, there is no battlefield to follow, and the "Wan Li" is extremely vast; The rain and snow are continuous, even connected with the desert, and its cold and cold situation can be imagined. The above six sentences describe the hardships of military life. Next, it seems that it is time to point out the sadness of "pedestrians" positively. However, in a unique way, the poet wrote that "the wild geese whine and fly from night to night, and Tatar's children have many tears to shed". Hu Yan and Hu Er are both born and raised, but they are still crying, not to mention "pedestrians" coming from afar. The word "Hu" is intentionally repeated, and the word "night" and "double" are intentionally overlapped, which has the artistic power to see the clouds.
In the face of such a harsh environment, no one does not want to demobilize the squad. But I can't. The sentence "But we heard that Yutong is still besieging the city", with ten strokes, seems to be a blow, interrupting the "homesickness of pedestrians". According to Records of the Historian Biography of Dawan, in the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Han army attacked Dawan, and the attack was unfavorable, requesting a truce. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was furious and sent someone to cut off Yumen Pass, ordering: "Those who dare to enter the army will be beheaded." Here, the emperor of the dynasty was assassinated and he was determined to go his own way. Later, the poet added, "I will soon put my life on my light chariot." I can't stop fighting, but I can only follow the general of this department to kill the enemy desperately, overwhelming the above eight sentences. The following sentence, make persistent efforts. The result of hard work is nothing more than "bones buried in the wilderness." The poet used the word "year after year" to point out the regularity of this situation. The whole poem goes step by step, from the ordinary life of the army to the sudden situation in wartime and finally to death. what is the purpose? The pressure of these eleven sentences forced the last sentence to answer: "I saw Pu Tao enter the Han family for nothing."
Pu Tao is a kind of grape. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty opened the western regions in search of Tianma (Arabian horse) and launched wars at random. At that time, the seeds of peach blossom and alfalfa entered China with Gastrodia elata, which was planted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty next to the Palace Museum. Here, the phrase "Seeing Pu Tao enter the Han Dynasty for nothing" is used to ridicule the ambitious emperor of Pu Tao who sacrificed countless lives for justice. The implication is that the emperor seems to be indifferent to human life.
The whole poem is compact, deliberate and compact, until the last sentence, making the finishing point and going straight to the theme, which shows the great irony of this poem. Poetry skillfully uses syllables to express ideas. The word "day" at the beginning of the first sentence is entering the tone, which means opening the drum. In the third and fourth sentences, "Diao Dou" and "Pipa Xing" use disyllables to enhance the aesthetic feeling of syllables. The middle part turns to rhyme, and "double falling" is the coordination of Jiangyang rhyme and entering tone, just like the ensemble of cymbals and drums, with wide upper part and narrow lower part and the most beautiful syllables. After entering the rhyme in the middle section, the last section chose Zhangkou Liuyun. As far as five syllables are concerned, the first paragraph is feather tone, the middle part is angular tone, and the last paragraph is Shang tone, with scattered syllables and great differences. The words "one after another", "night after night", "double" and "year after year" in the whole poem are used one after another, which not only emphasizes the semantics, but also makes the words overlap with the rhyme, giving birth to many colors on the syllables.
Two classic seven-character Yuefu poems
Song of the old general
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty | Author: Wang Wei
When 15-20-year-old teenagers, they can capture the figure of Hu people riding horses on foot.
He shot a white-browed mountain tiger in Juvenile Village. How many heroes are not only Huang Xu's son Xia?
He has fought many battles and fought for three thousand miles. He once fought a million lions with one sword.
The Han army is as sharp as thunder, and the Lu country that tramples on each other is afraid of thistles.
Wei Qing's failure was due to the help of the gods, but Li Guang's failure was due to his fate.
Being abandoned doesn't have to be old, and the world has become the first in the past.
In those days, he was like an arrow shot at a lark by Hou Yi. Now he was born on his left elbow.
As a result, he was demoted to the roadside to sell melons and learned to make pottery to make the door green.
Ancient trees extend all the way to narrow lanes, and isolated mountains extend to cold windows.
Swear in Kashgar, pray for wells in Kashgar, and don't complain about alcohol.
Soldiers lined up like clouds on Helan Mountain, and books in the army were rumors day and night.
The special envoy of Red Festival went to Sanhe for conscription, and the commander-in-chief sent troops to General Five.
The veteran wiped out the armor of steel armor and used a sword with a flashing seven-star pattern.
May Yan's good bow shoot at the enemy and not let the enemy soldiers disturb the king.
Don't be afraid of color, think that the restoration of the governor Yun Guan was worth fighting for.
Appreciation/appreciation
This poem tells the story of a veteran. Throughout his life, he made great contributions to the crusade against the west, but he ended up in a sad end that "reactive power" was abandoned and he had to work hard. When the border war broke out again, he volunteered to serve the country regardless of grievances. The work exposes the ignorance and ruthlessness of the rulers' rewards and punishments, and praises the noble moral integrity and patriotic enthusiasm of the veterans.
The whole poem is divided into three paragraphs, with the first ten sentences as the first paragraph, which tells about the wisdom, courage, achievements and unfair experiences of the veteran when he was young. First of all, he had Li Guang's wisdom and courage when he was young. He took down the enemy's war horse on foot and shot the fiercest "white-fronted tiger" in the mountains with a bow. Then he used the story of Cao Cao's second son, Cao Zhang, nicknamed Huang Xuer. He bravely defeated the enemy, but the credit goes to the generals. The poet used these two allusions to describe the wisdom, courage and virtue of veterans. Next, take "Fighting a Thousand Miles Alone" to see how hard it is; "With his naked dagger, he can catch a large group of people" and see its outstanding achievements; "It's reasonable to think that China's soldiers are as fast as thunder", seeing that they use their troops as fast as thunder; "Tatar soldiers died in the trap of iron fangs." Seeing his clever iron thistle cloth, he defeated the enemy. But such a rare good soldier has no merit, so the poet uses historical stories to express his feelings. Wei Qing, an aristocrat of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was "lucky" to get a reward without punishment. Li Guang, a contemporary warrior, was offended and punished instead of being knighted, and finally committed suicide by cutting his neck because of "odd number". The "Tianxing" here refers to both the "luck" of luck and the favor of the emperor; "Odd number" refers to both bad luck and alienation of the emperor's pet, both of which are semantic puns. The poet borrowed allusions from Li Guang and Wei Qing, implying that the rulers were cronyism, rewarding and punishing lawbreakers, and wrote the grievances of veterans.
The middle ten sentences are the second paragraph, describing the poor life of veterans after being abandoned. Since being abandoned, veterans have been "decadent", years have passed, they are in a bad mood, and even their hair is white. Although he used to be able to shoot birds in Houyi and was blind, he hasn't practiced martial arts for a long time, and it seems that he has a selective tumor on his arm, which is very unfavorable. The ancients often used the homonym "tumor" and "yang" and "six" to celebrate festivals. Here, the poet's reconciliation of "Yang" and "Selection" (sore) is to take care of the flat tone of poetry. The veteran was abandoned and chose his left elbow, but he had to make a living by himself. "He sometimes sells melons in his garden by the roadside." "So Hou" refers to Hou Zhaoping from Dongling, Qinbu, who grows melons in Dongcheng, Chang 'an. It is said here that he not only grows melons, but also sells them by the roadside, which shows that life is nowhere to be found; "He sometimes plants willows around his secluded place" also means that he is a farmer. There are five willows in front of Tao Yuanming's door, hence the name "Mr. Five Willows". As for the residence, it is a "poor alley" among the "old trees", and the window is more obvious to the "lonely cold mountain". The world is cold and there is no guest to return to. However, the veteran is not depressed and decadent. He still wants to be "but if he prays, water will gush out for his man", just like Geng Gong, a famous star in the later Han Dynasty. After the water source in Shule City of Xiongnu was cut off, they shared joys and sorrows with the soldiers, and finally got the spring water but made contributions to the enemy. It's not like Yingchuan people who watched the restoration before the Han Dynasty. After leaving the army, they let the wine scold him and vent their grievances.
The last ten sentences are the third paragraph, which writes that the border guards have not been destroyed, and veterans always have the patriotic aspiration of volunteering to kill the enemy. First of all, the Helan mountain area in the northwest is gloomy, the war situation is like a cloud, and urgent official documents are constantly introduced into the capital; The second time was the military commander appointed by the emperor, who recruited a large number of young people from Sanhe (Henan, Hanoi and Hedong), and the generals from all walks of life were ordered to divide their forces and attack. When he finally wrote about a veteran, he couldn't stay any longer. First, he "brushed his iron clothes like snow" and polished his old armor; Then "waving his dagger from its jade handle in a star-studded steel dance" and practicing martial arts. His long-cherished wish is to get the famous bow of Yan Chan-qiang to "shoot the heavenly generals" to catch the thief and capture the king and destroy the invasion and subjugation; And "never let foreign uniforms offend the emperor" and never let foreign invasion pose a threat to the court. At the end, the veteran once again showed his attitude: "There was once an elderly prefect, and the forgotten distance was still worthy of meritorious service in World War I." He borrowed Shang Wei's story to show that as long as the court is willing to appoint veterans, he will be able to make contributions and serve the motherland. Shang Wei used to be the satrap in the cloud and won the morale of the army. Xiongnu dared not violate the border, and was later dismissed for the people. Feng Tang was reinstated after being wronged by him.
This poem is a paragraph of ten sentences, with an organized style and many allusions. It depicts the artistic image of "veteran" from different angles and aspects, which increases the inclusiveness of the work and fully expresses the theme of the work. Shen Deqian's "Tang Poems" said that "this kind of poem was obtained through confrontation". The antithesis in the poem is natural, just like the aura of the whole body, which makes the content expressed by the poet like a rough jade, reaching the artistic realm of well-founded, strange, innovative and lofty words.
Three classic seven-character Yuefu poems
Song of taohuajiang
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty/Author: Wang Wei
A fisherman is drifting, enjoying the mountains in spring, and the peach trees on both sides lead him to an ancient source.
Looking at the brightly colored trees, he never considered the distance until he came to the end of the blue stream, and suddenly-strange people! .
This is a cave. The hole is so narrow that he can only climb in, but then it opens up on a wide and flat path.
Looking from a distance, the clouds are filled with trees, and thousands of houses are hidden between flowers and bamboo.
Ke Qiao 1 was originally a China name. These people all wore clothes from the Qin Dynasty.
Juren lives in Wulingyuan, in farms and gardens, just like a world.
In the clear moonlight, they lived quietly under the pine trees until sunrise, when the gloomy sky was full of roosters and dogs barking.
... hearing the news of a stranger, people gathered together and everyone invited him home and asked him where he was born.
In the morning, alleys and paths cleared the petals for him, and at dusk, fishermen and farmers brought him their goods.
They left this world a long time ago, and they came here to seek refuge. Since then, they have lived like angels, happily away from the world.
No one in the cave knows anything outside, and outsiders can only see empty mountains and thick clouds.
The fisherman didn't realize his great luck and began to consider the connection between the country, the family and the secular.
He found his way out of the cave again, passed through mountains and rivers, and planned to come back later. At that time, he had told his relatives.
He studied every step he took and kept it firmly in mind, forgetting that cliffs and peaks might have different appearances.
To be sure, you have to go through the depths of the mountains to enter. How many times did Qingxi reach Yunlin?
But now, there are spring floods and floating peaches everywhere. Which way should we go to find the hidden source? .
Introduction to ancient poetry
Wang Wei's seven-character Yuefu poem "Peach Blossom Spring" shows Tao Yuanming's narrative prose "Peach Blossom Spring" in the form of poetry, which arouses readers' imagination and is praised by future generations.
Translation/translation
Fishing boats go down the river in pursuit of beautiful spring scenery, and peach blossoms on the shore reflect the red on both sides of the ancient ferry. Flowers and trees are colorful, forgetting the distance; At the end of Qingxi, I suddenly saw a vague crowd. Walk into the deep and tortuous mountain pass, and then go forward, and you will be suddenly enlightened. From a distance, green trees gather like clouds, and when you enter the village, you will see bamboo and flowers in front of every household. The first time I heard about the dynasties after the Han Dynasty, villagers still wore clothes from the Qin Dynasty. They have lived in Wulingyuan for generations, where they have created an idyllic world. The bright moon is shining, and the Panasonic room is silent; When the sun rises, chickens and dogs crow in the village. The villagers greeted the foreigners in surprise, scrambling to invite them and asking about the world news. In the streets and lanes in the early morning, every family cleans the flower path; By the stream in the evening, Yuqiao returned to the village by boat. I fled the world because I escaped from troubled times, and I won't return it if I find this Taoyuan Wonderland. From then on, he lived in seclusion in the canyon, regardless of external changes; The world looks for a foreign land and looks at the clouds and the sky. Fishermen don't doubt that this is a rare fairyland, but they just cling to their homes. After leaving the cave, he decided to leave home, regardless of mountains and rivers, and came to this fairy source. If you think you won't get lost where you have been, how do you know that the peaks and valleys in front of you have completely changed? At that time, I remember that the mountain road was very deep, and it took several turns along Qingxi to reach Taolin. This day is also spring, and peach blossoms are still everywhere; Where is Xianyuan? I finally found it, and I don't know the way!
Four classic seven-character Yuefu ancient poems
Song of chariots
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty | Author: Du Fu
Vehicles roared, soldiers sang, and soldiers and arrows were tied to their waists.
My parents, my parents, my wife and children all ran to see them. When they marched, the dust covered the sky and they couldn't see xian yangqiao.
On the way, holding soldiers' clothes, eating and crying, the sky rushed into the sky.
Passers-by asked the soldiers how they got there, saying only that the roster was frequently recruited.
Some people go to the north of the Yellow River at the age of fifteen, even if they go to the western border to open up wasteland at the age of forty.
Long in the middle, the hair is tied up with a headscarf, and when I come back, I am bald and guarding the border.
Countless border guards shed blood and sacrificed to form seawater, and the concept of border defense in Huang Wu has not stopped.
Haven't you heard that there are hundreds of villages covered with vegetation in 200 states east of Huashan Mountain?
Even if a strong woman plows the field with a hoe, nothing will grow on the crops in the field.
Moreover, the soldiers of the Qin Dynasty can fight hard, and there is no difference between chickens and dogs when they are rushed to fight.
Although the elders have doubts, how dare those who serve complain?
Just like this winter, we didn't stop the soldiers west of Hangukou from enlisting.
The county magistrate urgently urges people to pay taxes. Where does the tax come from?
If you really know that boys are a bad thing, you might as well have a girl.
Girls can also marry their nearest neighbors, and boys will die in battle.
Don't you see, on the edge of Qinghai, the bones of soldiers killed since ancient times have not been buried.
New ghosts hate old ghosts crying, and ghosts cry when they are wet.
Introduction to ancient poetry
Military vehicle shop is one of the representative works of Du Fu, a great poet in Tang Dynasty. The whole poem is divided into two sections. The first part is the chronicle of tragic farewell. Asking pedestrians is the second paragraph, which conveys the grievances of recruiters and is a Ji Yan.
This poem has profound ideological content. Through the recruiters' answers to the old man, the people's hatred of war and the pain it brought were revealed, and the great disaster brought to the people by the long-term militaristic movement of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was revealed. It is also outstanding in art, and the poet's self-created "Inscription of New Yuefu on Current Affairs" made a pioneering contribution to the new Yuefu movement that rose in the middle Tang Dynasty.
Translation/translation
Vehicles rumbled, horses rustled, and soldiers went out with bows and arrows hanging from their waists. Parents, wife and children came to see me off, and the dust raised during the March covered the sun and xian yangqiao could not be seen. Stop on the road and hold the soldier's clothes and cry, crying straight into the sky and rushing into the sky.
Passers-by asked the soldiers how to get out, but the soldiers only said that there were frequent conscription on the roster. Some people go to the north of the Yellow River at the age of fifteen, and even go to the western frontier for land reclamation at the age of forty. Tie your hair with a scarf when you go. When I came back, I was bald and had to guard the border. Countless frontier soldiers shed blood and sacrificed to form seawater, and Huang Wu's idea of opening up the frontier has never stopped. Haven't you heard of the vegetation in Baicun Village, 200 states east of Huashan Mountain in Hanjia? Even if there is a strong woman with a hoe and plow in her hand, the crops in the field will not grow into a line. What's more, the soldiers of Qin can fight hard and be driven to war, just like chickens and dogs.
Although the elders have doubts, how dare those who serve complain? Just like this winter, we have never stopped recruiting troops west of Hanguguan. The county magistrate urgently urged the people to pay the rent tax. Where does the rent tax come from? If you really know that having a boy is a bad thing, you might as well have a girl. Give birth to a girl who can marry her neighbor, and give birth to a boy who died on the battlefield and was buried in the grass. Don't you see, on the edge of Qinghai, the bones of soldiers who have died since ancient times have not been buried. The new ghost resents the old ghost crying in trouble, and when it rains and is wet, the ghosts make a piercing cry.
Five classic seven-character Yuefu ancient poems
Invite for a drink
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty | Author: Li Bai
Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River flows from the sky to the sea and never returns?
Have you seen the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is still silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night?
Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! .
Since God has given talents, let them be used! As for the money, although it is scattered, it will get together again.
Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen your appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a big drink! .
Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng can drink and drink endlessly.
Let me sing you a song! Please listen to me.
What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? I hope I will never wake up.
Ancient sober people and sages were forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized.
Chen bought a barrel of wine with 10 thousand gold coins at a banquet in the temple, and everyone laughed and said one-liners
Why do you say, my master, your money is gone? , to buy wine, we drink together! .
Keywords Wuhuama, Qianjinqiu, give it to the young man for good wine,
With you, you will always worry.
Appreciation/appreciation
"Entering the wine" was originally the tune of the piccolo and cymbal songs in Han Yuefu, which belonged to the old name of "advocating cymbal songs" in Han Yuefu. The title of the free translation is Song Shu: Han advocates "Entering Wine" and so on 18 songs. Yuefu Poetry: As the old saying goes, "Get into the wine", that is, get into the wine, ride the white, and write a feast song. Song He Chengtian's article "Entering Wine" said: "Entering wine will celebrate the Three Dynasties. Prepare traditional dishes and recommend delicious food. It is said that the court will drink wine, taking the first ambition as a warning. If Liang Zhaoming is a prince, Luoyang is frivolous, but it is just for fun and drinking. " In the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai followed the ancient Yuefu style of "drinking" and was influenced by it.
Li Bai's wine poems can express his personality very well. This poem was written after the release of Chang 'an City, with deeper ideological content and more mature artistic expression. Poetry originated in the Yellow River, and its emotional development is as turbulent as the water of the Yellow River, which is difficult to grasp. The whole article talks about drinking. Literally, the poet is advocating binge drinking. The poem uses a positive appreciation attitude and heroic momentum to write about drinking, which is magnificent and does have some negative effects, but it reflects that the poet could not find an effective weapon against the dark forces at that time. Wine is a stimulant for his personal resistance. With wine, it seems that he has the strength of hordes, but wine is also his mental anesthetic, which makes him unable to actively resist in indulgence, which shows the limitations of the times and classes. The disillusionment of the ideal is caused by the dark society, and the poet is powerless to change it, so he turns the rising anger into a bold act of enjoyment, vents his dissatisfaction, dispels his worries and resists reality.
In the poem "Into the Wine", Li Bai expressed his lamentation over the lack of talents, held optimistic and understanding feelings, and also revealed the negative emotion that life should be carpe diem. However, the whole poem is full of lofty sentiments and great momentum, and has achieved outstanding artistic achievements. Into the Wine is his masterpiece.
This poem vividly shows Li Bai's unruly character: on the one hand, he is full of confidence in himself and arrogant; On the one hand, after the twists and turns in the political future, it also shows the feeling of indulgence. In this poem, he interprets Zhuangzi's philosophy of happiness and shows contempt for wealth and sages. But in binge drinking, eating, drinking, and having fun, there is actually a feeling of natural failure. The whole poem is full of heroic momentum, unrestrained feelings, fluent language and strong appeal. Li Bai "used the topic to play", used wine to drown his sorrows and express his anger.