Since ancient times, Ming emperors have been diligent in learning, and the situation is average! This matter is written in history, so I can't be serious. I want to talk about something important in modern times in order to enlighten you. Children of scholar-officials are taught when they are a few years old. Many of them study etiquette and biography, while a few don't lose poetry and prose. When it comes to crown marriage, the body is slightly fixed; Therefore, secrets must be trained and seduced.
People with lofty ideals can sharpen their skills and become vegetarians; Those who don't stand up will die if they fall down slowly. If you are alive, you must have a career: farmers will measure crops, businessmen will take bribes at meetings, skilled craftsmen will use fine tools, geisha will meditate on magic, martial artists will be used to bowing horses, and scribes will learn classics at meetings.
More commonly, the scholar-officials were ashamed to engage in agriculture and business, and were sent as prostitutes. They can't wear letters when they shoot, but only remember their own names when they write. They have nothing to do but eat and drink, and they sell their days all year round.
Or because of my family background, I got the first place and a half, so I was self-sufficient and forgot to study; And there are good and bad events, talking about gains and losses, opening your mouth like sitting in the clouds; Public and private banquets, speaking of ancient poems, Seymour bowed his head, but did not extend. Look on with knowledge, but go deep underground. What a pity to have studied hard for several years and been humiliated for a long time!
At the height of the Liang Dynasty, most of your children had no education. As for the proverb: "write a book without getting on the bus." If you are, you are a secretary. " Without exception, they smoked clothes, shaved, painted faces, drove long-eaves cars, followed high-toothed bricks, sat on chess pieces, played with Tibetan silk bags, and walked in and out calmly, like fairies.
Seek the first place in the Ming Dynasty, and take care of others. Answer: If there is a banquet on March 9th, write poems with fake hands. When you are young, you will learn things quickly. And after leaving the chaos, they moved to cities and held elections instead of relatives of returnees; When Lu Bingquan was there, I couldn't see the old Party.
Seek not for the body, but for the world. If you die, if you stop in a poor stream, when the deer is alone, it will turn to death. When I was young, I was sincere. Those who have studied art will touch the ground.
Since the chaos came, I have met the prisoners. Although he is a fairy, it is still a teacher who knows how to read The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Filial Piety. Although they have been crowned as journalists for thousands of years, they still have to farm and raise horses. From this perspective, can Ann not encourage herself? If you can keep hundreds of books, you won't be a villain for thousands of years.
Zhai Fuming's "Six Classics" refers to a hundred books, but he can still pay for an art at his own expense. Father and brother can't live together forever, and the country can't protect itself forever. Once you are displaced and there is no one to protect you, you should ask for help.
As the saying goes, "Every little makes a mickle, it is better to be a bookkeeper." Those who are easy to learn and valuable never read. This world, regardless of ignorance, wants to know many people and has a wide knowledge, but refuses to study. It is still hungry, but lazy to cut clothes.
The students are self-righteous, and the farmers are here. Under the universe, everyone knows several people and sees several things. The success or failure of the people is the likes and dislikes, but the lack of solidity. Heaven and earth can't hide, ghosts and gods can't hide.
Knowing that there were guests, it was difficult for the host to say, "I saw a halberd with a rein crossbow, and I punished the people for their crimes so that people in official positions could have it;" Literally learn from officials, enrich the country in a timely manner, and benefit ministers; Learn ancient and modern, be both civil and military, have no position, and there are countless people whose wives are hungry and cold. How can I calm down and study? "
The master said to him, "My husband lives in poverty, and there are precious jade, wood and stone;" It's better to grind and carve than to learn art. Jade polishing, beauty in ore, ugliness in carving; Ankeyan's wood and stone carvings are a mine that has won gold and jade. Not poor and learned, but rich and unlearned.
And the negative armor is a soldier, the pen is an official, and death and death are a dime a dozen, outstanding as grass; Sticking to the yellow, reciting virtue, those who suffer nothing are like erosion, and those who enjoy fame and fortune are like autumn tea, which cannot be said in the same year. Smell it again: those who are born to know, those who learn to know. Therefore, scholars want to know more about it.
There must be a genius, pull out the crowd, in order to be a teacher with Sun Wu and Wu Qi, gain the upper hand, and be taught by Guan Zhong and Zi Chan. Although he hasn't studied, I also call it learning. To this day, I can't be natural, I don't study historical sites, and I still lie in my ears.
When Zhai people see their neighbors' relatives move quickly, they make their children want to learn from them. I don't know how to learn from the ancients. The whole world knows that you can cross the horse and take a strong bow, and you will know that I can do it; I don't know what heaven is.
Debate geographical location, compare quantity and smoothness, and learn the wonders of rise and fall. But knowing the connection, gathering wealth and gathering valleys, then I can be the phase; I don't know how to worship ghosts, change customs, adjust yin and yang, and recommend sages.
However, I can rule the people only after I know that I am rich and private, and the business is done; I don't know if my punishment is sincere, but I insist on fighting against the wind and turning the owl into a phoenix like a group. But if I know how to obey the law, punish early and abandon late, then I can go to prison; I don't know the same view of sin. I am chasing money with a sword. I am guilty of making false statements, but I don't ask, but I am aware.
He, the farmer, the servant, the slave, the fisherman, the butcher, the farmer and the shepherd all have advanced skills. They can be teachers and learn from others, which is not conducive to things.
Mianxue's translation;
Since ancient times, sages, kings and emperors still have to study hard, not to mention ordinary people! This kind of thing can be seen everywhere in classics and history books, and I can't list them one by one, just to remind you what is important in modern times. The children of the scholar-officials are all over several years old, most of them have read The Book of Rites and Zuo Zhuan, and a few have at least read Shi Mao and The Analects of Confucius.
At marriageable age, the physique and temperament are slightly stereotyped. With this innate intelligence, we must redouble our homework and induce. People with lofty ideals can temper and achieve the cause of the cremation; Those who have no ambition to succeed will become lazy and mediocre.
In this world, you should have a major: farmers discuss farming, businessmen discuss wealth and goods, craftsmen elaborate tools, skilled people consider methods and techniques, warriors practice riding and archery, and scribes study and discuss classics.
However, it is often seen that scholar-officials are ashamed to set foot in agriculture and commerce, but they can't wear armor when shooting arrows. Only by holding a pen can they remember their names, eat and drink enough, and lead a life of intoxication, and then they can die hard.
Some people get a part-time job with their family background, so they feel satisfied and forget to study at all. When it comes to weddings or funerals, they talk about gains and losses and are tongue-tied, just like sitting in the clouds.
Public or private parties feast, talk about ancient poetry, silently bow their heads, only yawn and stretch. People who know what to do see it, and they are ashamed to have no place to live. Why don't you want to spend a few years studying hard and humiliate yourself for a long time in your life?
In the heyday of the Liang Dynasty, most of the children of the gentry were ignorant, so that there was a saying: "You can be a writer if you don't get on the bus, and you can also be a secretary if you don't have any goods on you." There is no one who doesn't pay attention to smoking, shaving and painting powder, driving a car with long eaves, stepping on a grate with high teeth, sitting on a square mattress with checkered patterns, and leaning against a soft bag made of dyed silk, the left and right sides are filled with toys.
Go in and out calmly, really like a fairy. When you understand the meaning of the Ming Dynasty, hire someone to answer the exam questions. If you want to attend the banquet of court dignitaries, please ask someone to help you write poems. At this time, he can also be regarded as a "gifted scholar".
After the war and displacement, the imperial court changed, and the position of selecting talents and appointing people is no longer the former relatives. When they were in power, they were in power, and they never saw their private party again, not for themselves or for the world. They are covered with coarse cloth and short clothes, but there is no real skill inside.
Losing the appearance of tiger skin outside, but revealing the quality of sheep in the meat inside, just like a dead tree, but like a dry water, falling between military forces and horses, tossing and turning in the ravine of death, at this time, it really became a talent. Only those who have knowledge and talent can live anywhere. The prisoners I saw after the war.
Even those who know how to read The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Filial Piety can become other people's teachers. Although they have been big officials for generations, they can't write, and they all go to farm and raise horses. From this perspective, how can they not encourage themselves? If you can keep hundreds of books regularly, you won't be a villain for thousands of years.
Understanding the meaning of the Six Classics and reading hundreds of books, even if it can't improve moral behavior and inspire customs, is like a kind of self-financing. My brother can't always rely on me, and my hometown can't always be protected. Once I am displaced and there is no one to protect me, I will do my best.
As the saying goes, "accumulation is better than skill." Learning skills is valuable, and reading is unparalleled. Whether he is stupid or smart, people in the world want to know more people and see more things, but refuse to learn. It's like cooking to meet their needs and trying to cut clothes warmly and lazily.
A guest asked me: "I have met some people who only rely on strong bows and halberds to crusade against rebellion and appease the people in order to obtain the title of a duke;" Some people only rely on their mastery of literature and history to save the times, make the country rich and strong, and get the official position in Qing Xiang.
However, learned people from ancient times to the present have both civil and military skills, no official title, and their wives and children are hungry and cold. There are countless such things. How to learn is worth promoting? "I replied," the fate of people is bumpy or prudent, just like jade and wood; Learning knowledge and mastering skills is like pondering sculpture.
The reason why polished jade is bright and beautiful is because jade itself is a beautiful thing; A piece of wood and a stone is ugly because it has not been carved. But how can it be said that carved wood and stone are better than uncut Baoyu? Similarly, we can't compare the educated poor with the uneducated rich.
Besides, some people who are pregnant with martial arts go to the army; Some are full of poetry books, and some are small officials. There are many people in name only, but few outstanding people. Those who bury themselves in reading and spread moral articles are not as useless as a lunar eclipse; People who pursue fame and fortune and indulge in pleasure are like autumn grass.
How do they compare? In addition, I also heard that people who are born unlearned are geniuses; People who know after learning are inferior. Therefore, learning is to increase people's knowledge and understand the truth.
Only a genius can be outstanding. Being a general coincides with the art of war of Sun Wu and Wu Qi. Rulers have the same political literacy as Guan Zhong and Zi Chan. Even if such people don't study, I say they have already studied. Since you can't reach this level now, if you don't follow the example of the ancients who are diligent and eager to learn, it's like sleeping under a quilt and knowing nothing. "
People see good role models in their neighbors and tell their children to advocate learning, but they don't know how to learn from the ancients. Why are they so confused? The world only knows how to ride a horse in armour, hold a spear and bend a bow, saying that I can be a general, but I don't know how to observe heaven and reason, distinguish the right place, consider whether to conform to the current situation and the people's hearts, and examine the ability to know the rise and fall.
I only know that I can be a good person, but I don't know the level of worshipping ghosts and gods, changing customs, adjusting yin and yang, and selecting sages and saints.
I only know that I can manage the people, do things early without selfish interests, but I don't know the ability of being honest and clean, managing orderly, and educating people in disaster relief. I only know how to enforce the law, sentence early and forgive late, and say that I can raze the prison, but I don't know all kinds of skills such as reconnaissance, evidence collection, interrogation and inference.
In ancient times, farmers, workers, businessmen, servants, slaves, fishermen, butchers and cattle herders all had outstanding and wise ancestors, which could serve as examples for learning and seeking knowledge, which was not detrimental to their careers!
Therefore, reading and studying is intended to broaden one's horizons and make them bright, which is conducive to doing practical things. If you don't know how to support your parents, let him see the ancients' exploration of their parents' wishes, submit to their parents' face, be patient and not afraid of hard work, and get something sweet and soft, so he carefully and carefully began to do it.
If you don't know how to serve the monarch, let him see that the ancients kept their duties as well as they could, were fearless in times of danger, and did not forget to be loyal to the monarch for the benefit of the country, so he was compassionate and self-loyal, and he should follow suit. Always arrogant and extravagant, I want him to see the ancients' thrift, humility and morality, courtesy as the foundation of teaching and respect for the body, so he was surprised and restrained when he saw that he lost.
Always mean, let him see that the ancients valued righteousness over wealth, selfish and greedy, and avoided profit and evil. If you are poor, you will be ashamed and regret it. If you can disperse, you will disperse. Always violent, I want him to see the ancient people's caution and self-contempt, the disadvantages of old teeth, tolerance, respect for the virtuous and accept the virtuous, so he is tired, depressed and too weak to wear.
Always timid, let him see that the ancients are not afraid of death, strong and upright, they will always believe what they say, and they will not look back after doing good deeds, so they will be furious, struggle and will not be intimidated. If this goes on, all walks of life will be like this. Even if it is difficult to be pure, at least you can get rid of serious problems, and what you have learned is effective anyway.
It's just that people who study all over the world can only say that they can't do it. They don't know loyalty and filial piety, and they lack benevolence and righteousness. To decide a lawsuit, they don't need to know the facts and govern thousands of small counties. They don't need to take care of the people, ask him to build a house, and ask him to cross the beam and be firm. They don't need to know whether Xiaomi is early or late.
It is useless to talk about banter and ridicule ci fu. Ci fu is very leisurely, and it is even more embarrassing for people to deal with military affairs. Therefore, it is really because of the above reasons that vulgar military officials are ridiculed by * * *.
This article is from Yan Jiaxun written by Yan Zhitui in the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
Extended data writing background:
This book was written after Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty destroyed the State of Chen and before Yang Di ascended the throne (about the end of 6th century AD). Yan Zhitui's personal experience, thoughts and knowledge are the books to warn future generations. * * * There are seven volumes and twenty articles.
They are first in order, second in godson, third in brothers, fourth in marriage, fifth in running the family, sixth in moral exercise, seventh in wood constitution, eighth in reading, ninth in articles, tenth in name and substance, eleventh in doing things, twelfth in saving trouble, thirteenth in stopping, fourteenth in discipline, fifteenth in nourishing the heart, sixteenth in returning to the heart, seventeenth in documentary evidence, and eighteenth in pronunciation and miscellaneous words.
About the author:
Yan Zhitui lived through four dynasties and was a "national subjugator". He suffered from chaos and was deeply worried. I once wrote an essay "Viewing My Life's Endowment", in which I tearfully stated my loss of my country and family, and my helplessness of "giving my life to the three".
He said regretfully: "Shi Xiang, who is under the grass, is willing to be a person with three points in one acre." He learned the sword without studying. He can't touch the palm of his hand to anoint himself, and he is also happy to entrust pearls. He can't quit his simplicity and stubbornness. How did this poverty come about? I am ashamed of myself? " The feelings of grief and indignation are beyond words.