High School Music Textbooks Representative Works of Various European Composers

1. Baroque Period (1600-1750)

1. Musical characteristics: Most of the works are magnificent and full of vitality, mainly complex and heavy polyphonic music. ()

2. Representative:

Bach: representative work <> < (including preludes and fugues)

Handel: representative work <> <>; and Scarlatti, Vivaldi, etc.

3. Zhu Zaiyu, a legal scholar of the Ming Dynasty in China, pioneered the "New Law of Secret Law" and calculated the twelve equal laws in 1581, a hundred years earlier than the West.

2. Vienna Classical School (1750-1810)

1 Music characteristics: advocating rationality, rigorous form, and focusing on concise and lively keynote music. .

2 Representatives

Beethoven: Piano Sonata "The Tempest" and "Passion",

Symphony No. 3 "Hero" No. 5 "Destiny" No. 6 "Pastoral" No. 9 "Chorus"

Opera Fidelio"

Haydn: Symphony "The Clock"

Oratorio "Four Seasons" "Genesis"

Mozart: Operas "The Magic Flute", "Don Giovanni" and "The Marriage of Figaro"

3. Romantic Music (1820-1910)

1. Music characteristics: Feeling things from a subjective perspective, emphasizing the expression of personal subjective emotions.

2. Representative:

Schubert's art songs "The Devil", "Trout" and "To Music"

Vocal suites "The Beautiful Spinner" and "Winter Journey"

Symphony "Unfinished")

Chopin's "Revolutionary Etude in C Minor", "Fantasy Impromptu" and "Waltz"

Liszt pioneered the symphonic poetry genre, and his works : "Prelude", "Tasso", "Hungarian Rhapsody", "Dream of Love"

Berlioz created the first title music, works: "Symphony Fantasy" and "Romeo and Juliet"

3. Art song: a song composed by a composer based on the poems of a writer for the purpose of some kind of artistic expression. Most of them are solo songs, with carefully arranged piano accompaniment and high requirements on singing skills.

4． Etude: It is a piece of music composed for practicing certain musical instrument playing and vocal singing techniques.

5. Title music: A comprehensive music form produced by Romantic composers who combined music with literature, drama, painting and other arts. It is an instrumental piece of music that uses words to explain the composer's creative intention and the ideological content of the work. "Title music" often corresponds to "pure music". Examples: "Picture Exhibition" and "Night on Barren Mountain"

4. National Music School (around 1860)

1. Music characteristics: The composer explores the national musical language and expression forms, adopts national themes and content, describes the national customs and customs, and praises the patriotism of the motherland, mountains and rivers and the people.

2. Representative: Czech Smetana symphonic poem "My Motherland" opera "The Betrayed Bride"

Czech Dvo?ák opera "Rusalka"

Finland Belius's symphonic poem "Ode to Finland"

Russian Glinka "The Father of Russian National Music" Operas "Ivan Susanin" and "Ruslan and Lyudmila"

Russian Tchaikovsky Symphony "Sixth Pathétique"; Overture "1812"

Ballet "The Swan" "Lake" "Sleeping Beauty" "Nutcracker"

3. The Russian Powerful Five

Members: Balakirev, Guy, Borodin, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov.

Works: Mussorgsky: Orchestral "Night on Barren Mountain" Piano Suite "Picture Exhibition" Song "Flea Song"

4. Symphonic poetry: a large-scale orchestral piece based on ideas from literature, painting, historical stories, and folklore. Is one of the main genres of title music. For example: Sibelius's "Ode to Finland"; Smetana's "My Motherland"

5. Impressionism

1. Features of music: Taking natural scenes or poetry and paintings as themes, highlighting the subjective impression of the moment, paying attention to harmony, orchestration and color, and creating a quiet, hazy, ethereal and ethereal artistic conception.

2. Representative: Debussy

3. Works: Symphonic sketch "La Mer"; opera "Pelléaslan et Mélisande"; orchestral music "Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun";

Piano music "Image" and "Girl with Flaxen Hair"< /p>

6. Expressionist music

1. Music characteristics: express inner depression, loneliness, fear, despair and other emotions

2. Representatives: Schoenberg (Austria), Berg, Webern

3. Atonal music: Music without tonality appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. It eliminated the difference in tone level function between each tone and broke the shackles of the traditional major and minor system. The twelve semitones in the octave are on an equal footing, neither It is related to a certain tonal center and is not attached to a certain tonic, thereby avoiding and denying the existence of the tonal center.

Works: Schoenberg's "Five Orchestral Pieces"; solo suite "Pierrot Luna"

4. Twelve-tone musical works: Schoenberg's "String Quartet No. 3" and "Survivors of Warsaw"

7. Jazz (JAZZ)

1. Origin: Black dance music in New Orleans in the southern United States, derived from American black songs and "ragtime".

2. Representative works: Gershwin's piano and orchestra piece "Rhapsody in Blue", Berg's opera "Lulu"

3. Category: Dixieland Jazz (Representatives: Louis Armstrong, Kim Oliver), Free Jazz

4. The Father of Jazz: Louis Armstrong "Son of the South"