For example, "The History of the Song Dynasty Hui Zongzhuan" contains: February, Geng Wu, Gui Si, forgive the world. In September, Fang La was stranded in Illinois. Song Jiang was stolen from Huainan, and Huai Yang's army was sent to arrest him, and JD.COM, Hebei Province, entered the border of Chu and Haizhou, and Zhang Shuye, the prefect, took it. There is also a biography of Zhang Shuye, saying: Sung River started in Xinhe and turned to ten counties, but the loyalists did not dare to guard its front. When the word came, the uncle sent an envoy to the sea at night, and the thief approached the sea, robbing more than ten giant ships and carrying brine. So he raised 1000 dead people, lay in ambush near the city, and drew light troops from the sea to lure the war. Hide by the sea and wait for the soldiers to meet and set fire to the ship. Hearing this, the thieves lost their fighting spirit. They ambushed them and caught their deputy thief, so Jiang surrendered. It is also mentioned in Biography of Hou Meng that Song Jiangkou and JD.COM wrote: Thirty-six men of Jiang crossed Qi Wei, and tens of thousands of government troops dared not resist, so their talents would surpass others. If Qingxi is stolen today, if you don't forgive Jiang, you will ask Fang La to redeem yourself. The emperor said: I don't forget you when I live outside, and I am also a loyal minister.
From the above records, you can get a general understanding of the basic information of Song Jiang. First, Song Jiang is a real person. He did have an uprising in Shandong and other places. Second, Song Jiang and man of great talent are outstanding, which makes tens of thousands of loyal subjects dare not resist. Third, Song Jiang is just a rogue, moving around ten counties and everywhere. History books never seem to mention that he became an outlaw and took root in Shui Bo and Liangshan. It is estimated by later generations that according to a sentence in the history books, all men are thieves, and Song Jiang's romance is there. Fourth, the scale of the Sung River Uprising is limited, and its men are far from mighty. It is estimated that there are hundreds to thousands of people, and there are only 36 cronies and followers, not 108. Song Jiang was defeated and surrendered later, and he was not embraced actively. Zhang Shuye, the man who surrendered to Song Jiang, is very famous. It seems that he didn't surrender to Song Jiang, but a later passage said that he was captured by the Jin people and surrendered on the way, thus making him famous in history.
1935, Yu Xiansheng wrote the famous Textual Research on Thirty-six People in Sung River, which was later included in Xueji. Yu Xiansheng studied the Water Margin by historical methods, and verified the prototype of nearly 20 people in the Water Margin. There are 36 people in Sung River, which is just a general name in the history books, but Mr. Yu is very interesting according to the official history of unofficial history and He. The thirty-six people roughly inferred from Mr. Yu's works are Song Jiang, Chao Gai, Wu Yong, Lu Junyi, Guan Sheng, Shi Jin, Chai Jin, Ruan Xiaoer, Ruan Xiaowu, Ruan, Liu Tang, Zhang Qing, Yan Qing, Sun Li, Zhang Shun, Zhang Heng, Hu Yanchuo, Li Jun, Hua Rong, Qin Ming, Li Kui, Lei Heng, Dai Zong and Suochao. The whole Water Margin was later beheaded by Jin Shengtan, a famous critic in Ming Dynasty. The content of his beheading is the story of being wooed and ordered to recruit Fang La after 71 times.
Song Jiang's life ending has no historical records. He was in trouble and surrendered. But what happened next? I don't know that this historical unsolved case has always been controversial in the field of history. Mainly because the official history is not recorded. Unofficial history said, and there is no basis. Some unofficial history, too, said it was quite outrageous. Not only did he say that his big book was yellow, but 36 people worshipped him, and he also recruited Fang La. Later, he even accompanied Song Huizong to paint and learn calligraphy from Cai Jing ... The imagination was super rich, but they were not credible. Of course, unofficial history also said that after Song Jiang surrendered, he and his men were killed. It is unknown whether Lu Junyi, who was criticized by Jin Shengtan, dreamed that all the Liangshan heroes were killed. In short, no one knows the end of Song Jiang. He disappeared from the official history, but he flourished in various popular songbooks. The posthumous work of Xuanhe in the Southern Song Dynasty is the most important edition. The Water Margin was written by Amin writer Shi Naian, and later Luo Guanzhong revised it dozens of times according to the legacy of Xuanhe. The story of Liangshan hero is well known to all women and children. Song Jiang, a small official in Yuncheng, is really deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, because he is generous in aiding needy people and making friends with Jianghu. Therefore, Water Margin is a novel, and Song Jiang is just a literary image. It has little to do with history. What happened to Song Jiang in Water Margin is totally false.
Shi Naian's "Water Margin" describes Song Jiang, the number one leader in Liangshan, as a hero in troubled times who is charitable, enthusiastic about public welfare, patriotic and loving the people, loyal to the liver and righteous courage. After he seized the revolutionary leadership of Liangshan, he pursued the reformist line of opposing corrupt officials, not the emperor, and waiting to win over. After his two defeats in Tongguan and three defeats in Gao Qiu, Liangshan revolutionary base area developed. The old intellectual's stubborn idea of loyalty to the country made him embark on a seemingly radical road of being accepted and surrendered to the Song Dynasty, and also sent many Liangshan heroes to a point of no return. There was indeed the Sung River Uprising in history, and it was clearly recorded in the history of the Song Dynasty. Sung River Uprising probably happened between the first year of Xuanhe and the third year of Xuanhe, that is, 1 19 to 1 122. Uprising mainly involved Taihang Mountain, northern Shandong and Jiangsu. Like the Huang Chao Army mentioned earlier, the uprising was rogue, referring to the east attacking the west, with no definite strategy, jittery and full of remnants.
Although the center of the uprising is Liangshan, Shui Bo, it is difficult to defend but difficult to attack. Liangshan is just a place similar to hilly areas. Gu Qingsheng, a contemporary essayist, once described this place in his works, which had a great influence on the author. Therefore, it is impossible for Song Jiang to stay in this narrow place for a long time, which is not a safe place. Several suppressed officers and men can always come back in vain. Why did Sung River fall? The true record of the end of Sung River Uprising in history is that it surrendered after encountering serious setbacks. To put it bluntly, it was defeated and scattered under the heavy encirclement and suppression of the Song Dynasty, and in desperation, it raised its flag and surrendered. Rather than as described in the Water Margin, it was because the imperial court was overburdened and failed to transfer troops, and the officers and men defeated by Song Jiang surrendered voluntarily. Sung River Uprising is a very small-scale uprising, but its fighting capacity is amazing. The insurgents are running around and have no fixed place to live. Song Jiang came from the sea, and went hand in hand with land and water, plundering treasures and gaining a lot. The real scene of Song Jiang's defeat and surrender should be like this: Song Jiang is used to mobile warfare, returning from looting, and facing the provocation of a handful of officers and men, everyone is brave and scrambling. Unexpectedly, he was cheated by Zhang Shuye. When the ambush was everywhere, the warships were burned, the morale of the team was lost and the formation was scattered. The death squads captured Song Jiang's deputy in the battle. Song Jiang saw that the tide was gone and had to move troops to surrender.
So, what was the fate of Song Jiang after his defeat and surrender? So far, this is still a case-solving in the field of history. Many historical books, such as "Continuing the History as a Mirror", "Outline of the Ten Dynasties of Emperor Song Dynasty" and "The Legacy of Xuanhe in the Great Song Dynasty", clearly recorded that after Song Jiang surrendered, he went with the officers and men to suppress the Fang La Uprising, which was the root of the defeat of Song Zhengjiang and Fang La in Shi Naian. However, according to historical research, Song Jiang did not levy Fang La, but was killed by another general after suppressing the Fang La uprising. However, it was not handed down in the history of the Song Dynasty, but was recorded in the epitaph of Zheke Village unearthed in modern times from 65438 to 0938. There is also a folklore that after Zhang Shuye surrendered to Song Jiang, he was worried that his evil intentions would not die. After all, he left a menace, killed 36 heroes such as Song Jiang, and was buried under the White Tiger Mountain to become a hero.
There is actually a very clear clue to this confusing case. Assuming that the records of Zhang Shuye in the Song Dynasty are credible, after Song defeated and surrendered, he is likely to be sent to the Tong Guan army. At this time, the discount can be saved as the fourth general of Tong Guan Army, and suppressed together with Fang La. Seeing the tragic end of Fang La, who is also an insurgent, 36 heroes in Sung River Army may not flock to Sung River Uprising again. It is not impossible for Song Jiangjun to be suppressed by imperial edict because he and Song Jiangjun levied Fang La together, and so is Song. Of course, this inference depends on more historical evidence, but there is no doubt that it is the most reasonable and the only one that can explain the eloquent records in the historical materials left by Zhang Shuye and Zhe Ke Village. Anyway, Song Jiang failed to rebel for more than a year, and Little Black died abnormally soon after he surrendered to the Song Dynasty. As for how he died, there are different opinions. Shi Naian's last confession is that he died because he was pushed out by the treacherous court official and drank poisoned wine, and he also took several brothers on his back before he died.
The so-called eight stories, Thirty-six plough, Seventy-two Dungeons, One Hundred Dan and Liangshan in Shui Bo, were invented by the author Shi Naian according to folk stories. The Sung River Uprising is composed of 36 heroes, which is recorded in detail in the Suicide Letter of the Song Dynasty. Although the Suicide Letter of the Song Dynasty was written anonymously, there are novelists telling historical stories. Many scenes in "Water Margin", such as Yang Zhi selling knives, Classical and other eight people outsmarted the birth class, Song Jiang angered and killed Yan Poxi, and Nine Days Xuan Nv canonized the gobbledygook, are all described in a very detailed and vivid way. The difference is that Yang Zhi and other twelve instigating (junior officers in Song Dynasty) first went to Liangshan Mountain in Taihang Mountain, and then joined forces with Classical and Sung River. Song Xuanhe's Legacy also explains the ending of Song Jiang, which is still there.
In the book "The Legacy of Xuanhe in the Great Song Dynasty", thirty-six members of Tianqi Academy are as follows: Wu Jialiang, Zhi Xing; Yu Qilin Lu Jinyi; Yang Zhi, blue-faced beast; Li Hai, Hunlong; Nine dragons, Ishizu; Gongsun Sheng, Yunlong; Zhang Shun, thunderbolt; Qin Ming, Ruan,; Ruan Xiaowu, short-lived Jiro Ruanjin; Sword off, leopard head Lin Chong. Lei Heng, Bearded Tiger, Zhu Tong, Tai Bao Dai Zong, Sai Wang Xiong, Sick Wei Chi Sun Li, Xiao Huarong Dao, Mu Heng, prodigal Yan Qing, Flower Monk Lu, Walker, iron whip Huyanchuo, Deep Water Charge Suochao, Desperable Erlang Shi Xiu, Steam Turbine Zhang Cen, and lingering Yun Duqian. Among these 36 people, many people's names and Jianghu nicknames changed when Shi Naian wrote Water Margin, but there were actually no women among Liangshan heroes. The reason for joining three Jianghu women (Gu Dasao, Sun Erniang and Hu Sanniang) may also be to make the story of Liangshan hero more fascinating.
Because of the early death of Classical, Hu Songjiang was elected as the leader, making up the number of thirty-six highest days. In the book The Legacy of DaSong Xuanhe, it is clearly stated that the place where Song Jiang Juyi is located is Liangshan Park in Taihang Mountain, while in Water Margin, Shi Naian is located in Liangshan, Shui Bo, Liangshan County, Shandong Province, and on the geographical map of China, I have never found Liangshan in Taihang Mountain. This is another big mystery that no one can solve so far. The story of Liangshan heroes has been handed down from generation to generation, from Song, Yuan to Ming and Qing Dynasties, with many versions, and even the Water Margin was derived from later generations. For thousands of years, the vivid image of Liangshan heroes has touched many readers, and their heroic feats of fighting bravely, eliminating violence and upholding justice for heaven have become the most influential readers in history. Although the novelist's words are somewhat different from the historical truth, it does not affect that the classic Water Margin has become the most dazzling flower in the history of China literature, and the author Shi Naian is also one of the greatest writers in China.