After Wen Yi's death, Li Jing, the leader of the Southern Tang Dynasty, became a "wise Zen master". Later generations called this Sect "Fayan School". It flourished in the early Song Dynasty and declined after the middle Song Dynasty. Fa Yanzong is the last Sect of the "Five Schools and Seven Schools" of Zen in China. It experienced three ancestors, Wen Yi (885-958), Deshao (89 1-972) and Yanshou (904-975), and was active in the five dynasties in the late Tang Dynasty and early Song Dynasty. As a sect, the Fayan School has a short history, but its founders are all eminent monks who pay equal attention to the five mountains.
Basic introduction Chinese name: Fayanzong belongs to Zuting, one of the five schools of Zen in China; The process of Liang Qing Temple in Nanjing: concept definition, representative figures, four schools of Buddhism, ancestral court, canon, spirit, critical spirit, integrated spirit, inheritance and concept definition, one of the five schools of Zen in China. Created by Wen Yi Zen Master in the Five Dynasties. Originated from the line of Qingyuan in Nanzong. It flourished in the early Song Dynasty. The legal eye is a mystic, but his mystery does not lie in the unknowability of nature and the universe; But alive. Although he has a deep understanding of Hua Yan, especially the principle and explanation of six phases, he does not think that the phenomenal world and the physical world are the same, because the entity is separated from all phases. In his eyes, the entity is empty, which was particularly explained in a conversation between him and his student Yongming Daoqian. Once he asked Qian what classics he had read, and Daoqian told him that he had read Huayan Classic, so he said, "Which part of Huayan Classic do the six phases, namely, total, different, identical, different, successful and bad, belong to?" ? Dao Qian replied: "It is in the ten classic places that it is reasonable to say that every law born in the world has six phases." The dharma eye asked again, "Are there still six phases in emptiness?" ? This is a stupid question. I don't know what is right, and then I say, "If you ask me this question, I will tell you". Tao Qian asked according to the words, "Does space also have six phases?" ? The watchful eye immediately replied, "It is empty." Hearing this, Dao Qian suddenly realized. I couldn't help jumping for joy, thanking those eyes. So the watchful eye asked again, "How do you know"? Dao Qian immediately replied: "Empty." The eyes are full of praise. The "four machines of dharma eyes" are the four machines used by Zen dharma eyes to guide scholars. (1) Arrows and arrows lean against each other, indicating that the divisions are connected, and the bow and arrow are aimed at the roots of the scholars, up, down and down. The front of the machine is equal, and the connecting and receiving sides are closely connected without gaps. (2) Nothing means letting the reader go beyond the binary opposition of being and nothing, rather than clinging to himself before his parents were born. (3) It is said that Buddha's nature is as primitive as it appears in various phenomena in the world, so the teacher conveniently uses this ready-made Buddha's nature, which is obvious to all and can be moved by fate. (4) Wonderful drifting, that is, the teacher learns from the fundamentals of human beings and skillfully uses the mechanical method of grafting to make the human body learn wonderful Buddha nature. Zen master Yan Yanshou's style of "prajnaparamita is ignorant" and "everything is ready" The sect style of Fayan School is as simple as a cloud gate and as secret as Cao Dong. The connected sentences seem to be quite ordinary, but the sentences hide themselves from the front and have the opportunity to turn scholars into saints. "Five Families Should Know the Tao in Detail" says:' The eyes of the dharma always benefit first.' It is his family style to talk about the arrow leaning against the front. See you in a word, see you in the sunshine. It is said to be' first interest' because it is convenient for the other party to pick up. Volume 4 of "The Eye of Man" says: "Dharma makers, the arrows lean against each other, and the sentences are in harmony; When you start, you will do what you want to do, and then you will be inspired. Gradually convince people, eliminate emotional solutions, adjust the machine and adapt things, and repel stagnation. " This also means benefiting first. "Return to the Heart Record" said: "The eyes of the law follow the wind, apply medicine to the symptoms, hang up with the machine, and sweep away feelings." Another "Five Uses Outline" said: "Look at the family style, hear the sound and realize the Tao, and see the color and clear the heart. There is a hidden front in the sentence and a warning in the words. The three realms of idealism are sects with clear strokes. " Wen Yi (885 ~ 958), a representative, was born in Yuhang, the eighth generation of Qingyuan people. At the age of seven, he became a monk in Quanwei, a newly established Zhitong College. Later, he came to Wang Yu Temple in Shanshan, Mingzhou, where he studied law from a lawyer and explored Confucian classics. Later, he changed to Zongcheng, went to Fuzhou, met Qing Hui Ling, the legal heir of Xuefeng Village, and lived briefly, which was praised by the public. Going to school together, passing through Zhangzhou, was blocked by heavy snow. I temporarily lived in the basement of the west of the city, so I visited Luohan Guichen, the legal heir prepared by Xuansha. Your minister asked him,' Where are you going?' He said it was a "walk" and your minister asked,' What's the use of running errands? Wen Yi said, "I don't know. Your minister said,' I don't know the most cordial. Later, your minister asked:' As the saying goes, the three realms are idealistic, and all laws are only knowledgeable (referring to Shi Yun in the court). This stone is in the heart, not in the heart? Shi Yun: "In my heart. Gui Chenyun:' What is the reason for the traveler? Embarrassed, the teacher put down his clothes and asked to choose according to Chen Gui. For nearly a month, I put forward my opinion, which makes sense. Chen Gui said,' Don't rely on Buddhism. Shi Yun: "A certain word is poor and unreasonable. Gui Chenyun:' If you talk about Buddhism, everything is ready.' Literature is conducive to understanding in words. Later, I went to the jungle in the south of the Yangtze River, went to Linchuan, lived in Chongshou Hospital, and held a meeting with people. The ancestor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, * * *, welcomed him to Jinling and lived in Hoonji, a famous Jinghui Zen master. Then he moved to Liang Qing Temple and sat in the Dojo three times before and after. All the jungles followed him, and some people admired him and trudged from other places. There are 63 legal heirs, with Tiantai Deshao as the first priority. The rest, such as repaying kindness, kindness, wisdom, purity of heart and playing the lute, Lingyin Songqing, Tenderness of Returning to the Sect, Baizhang Daochang, Yongming Daoqian, Jingdezhen Zhiyun, etc., all received a wide range of people and carried forward the Zen style of a family, but Deshao was particularly prosperous. About Wen Yi's words and deeds, there is a volume quoted from the quotations of Zen master Wen Yi in Jinling Qingliang Garden and Wen Yi's self-written Ten Rules of Clan Family. Wen Yi Wen Yi said in Ten Cases of Zongmen (continued 1 10.877): "Zongmen refers to diseases, ten brief arguments, and all fallacies are explained, so as to save temporary disadvantages." In theory, it is clear that "harmony is the most important thing for directors" and "nothing else is needed, everything is made by the heart". He also wrote Ode to Hua Yan's Six Meanings to illustrate the director's harmony, and Ode to Idealism to illustrate the purpose of careful production. Deshao inherited his aim of "everything is ready", and also said that "Buddhism has everything, everything is enough, and the ancients said that there is nothing to owe in a round space." And he said,' the road is broad, ancient and modern, and there is no name. It is a method or a repair. Goodness is boundless by the law, and the heart is boundless; Nothing is not obvious, nothing is not obvious; If you can get it, you will scream before Prajna paramita appears, and the reason is very similar. All the mountains and rivers, mountains and rivers and broken walls, have nothing to lose. "Later, his disciple extended his life, got a second biography, and gave full play to the purpose of" no desire, no desire, no desire from the heart ",and wrote a book" Jing Zong Record ",which said that all buddhas, bodhisattvas, sentient beings and even all sentient beings in the Ten Dharma Boundaries are one heart. Therefore, the mind method prepared by the director is a compassionate father, a prajnaparamita mother, a magic weapon and the origin of the universe. If you realize your self-mind, you will become a Buddha. He also said,' The bergamot gave him an imperial seal, which was handed down from generation to generation. Therefore, this purpose is obviously in the same strain. Wen Yi started this school not only to save the temporary disadvantages, but also to "treat the depression of the masters at that time" (see Postscript Reprinted), and spread it to Yan Shouyi to pay attention to the use of teaching to explain learning, so the school gradually lost its sense of wine, and the number was abolished. Deshao (89 1 ~ 972), a native of Longquan, Chuzhou (first, Jinyun), became a monk at the age of fifteen, and in the same year (923 ~ 925, first, Kaiping, Hou Liang, 907 ~ 9 10), he traveled around the later Tang Dynasty. Finally, when I arrived in Linchuan, I was tired and just followed the crowd. One day, Wen Yi went to class, and a monk asked,' Why is Cao Xi a drop of water?' Wen Yi said,' This is a drop of water from Caoxi. Dessau heard it on the edge of his seat and suddenly realized. Then I went to Tiantai Mountain and stayed in Baisha. Wu Yue Qian Chu was a secretariat in Taizhou at that time and requested an extension. In the first year of Ganyou in the later Han Dynasty (948), Qian Chu succeeded to the throne and sent envoys to see him off, honoring him as a Buddhist. Wang was suggested to send a special envoy to Silla to retrieve the scattered religious books on the rooftop in order to obtain all the documents of Taizong. Later, when I lived in Xuantongfeng, someone said,' Xuantongfeng is not a person, but it is impossible outside the heart, and there are green hills everywhere. I heard the eye cloud:' That's it, you can start my clan.' He also held a ceremony in prajna temple to say that the 12th Congress was held. In the fifth year of Song Kaibao (972), Yu Lianhua Peak was silent. There are many quotations in the world. There are 49 legal heirs, with life extension as the first priority. Deshao Yanshou (904 ~ 975) was born in Yuhang. At the age of 28, he became a monk according to the law of Cui Yan just preserved by Xuefeng. Then I went to Tiantai Mountain and got used to it for 90 days, and went to worship Dessau. Guang Shun lived in Xuedou Mountain in Mingzhou for two years (952) and was with many scholars. In the first year of Song Jianlong (960), at the request of Qian Chu, King of Wu Yue, the new Lingyin Mountain Temple in Hangzhou became the first. In the second year, it was invited to move to Yongming Temple (now Jingci Temple), with more than 2,000 participants. He has written 100 volumes of Jing Zong Lu, four volumes of Xin and one volume of Theory of Ideas, and expounded the utilitarian purpose of literature. King Koryo appreciated his virtue, sent envoys to give gifts to his disciples, and sent 36 monks to accept Taoist teachings, and returned to Korea before and after, each with its own side, so one of them became popular overseas. Yanshou lived in Yongming for fifteen years and had 1,700 disciples. There are two legal heirs, Fuyang Mencius and Chao Ming Yuan Jin. Yanshou Fayan School is the last school founded by Wen Yi, Deshao and Yanshou III, which has been handed down from generation to generation. It flourished in the early Song Dynasty and then declined gradually. By the middle of the Song Dynasty, the dharma vein was cut off, which lasted only a hundred years. The family style of this clan is,' Take medicine to cure diseases, tailor it to suit the situation, measure it and get rid of its feelings' (Song's Eye of Man, Volume 4). The location of Jianjian Temple is similar to Yunmen, and the nearby place is similar to Cao Dong. The words of a chemist seem ordinary, but there is a hidden mystery between the lines, which has the opportunity to turn a scholar into a saint. Zhao Zhi, Yan Hui of Yueshan in the Song Dynasty, said:' Those who are observant, the arrows lean against each other, and their words and meanings are consistent. At first, they act like things. Finally, they inspire people, gradually convince people, eliminate emotional solutions, adjust machines to adapt to things, and reject stagnation and wear. "The Four Machines of the Law Eye" is the four machines used by the scholars of the Law Eye School: (1) Arrows and arrows lean against each other. It is said that the grafting of teachers' families is aimed at the various roots of scholars, and the top, bottom and top are equal. Grafting and acceptance are closely related, and there is no gap. (2) Nothing is nothing. It means that scholars should transcend the different views of binary opposition and not cling to themselves before their parents are born. (3) Just came out. It is said that Buddha's nature is primitive as it appears in various phenomena in the world, so the teacher took advantage of this ready-made Buddha's nature, which is obvious to all and can be touched at will. (4) Wonderful drifting, that is, the teacher learns from the fundamentals of human beings and skillfully uses the mechanical method of grafting to make the human body learn wonderful Buddha nature. The watchful eye and watchful eye are "ignorance" and "everything is ready". The sect style of Fayan School is as simple as a cloud gate and as secret as Cao Dong. The connected sentences seem to be quite ordinary, but the sentences hide themselves from the front and have the opportunity to turn scholars into saints. "Five Families Should Know the Tao in Detail" says:' The eyes of the dharma always benefit first.' It is his family style to talk about the arrow leaning against the front. See you in a word, see you in the sunshine. It is said to be' first interest' because it is convenient for the other party to pick up. Volume 4 of "The Eye of Man" says: "Dharma makers, the arrows lean against each other, and the sentences are in harmony; When you start, you will do what you want to do, and then you will be inspired. Gradually convince people, eliminate emotional solutions, adjust the machine and adapt things, and repel stagnation. " This also means benefiting first. "Return to the Heart Record" said: "The eyes of the law follow the wind, apply medicine to the symptoms, hang up with the machine, and sweep away feelings." Another "Five Uses Outline" said: "Look at the family style, hear the sound and realize the Tao, and see the color and clear the heart. There is a hidden front in the sentence and a warning in the words. The three realms of idealism are sects with clear strokes. " Fa Yan is a mystic, but his mystery does not lie in the unknowability of nature and the universe; But alive. Although he has a deep understanding of Hua Yan, especially the principle and explanation of six phases, he does not think that the phenomenal world and the physical world are the same, because the entity is separated from all phases. In his eyes, the entity is empty, which was particularly explained in a conversation between him and his student Yongming Daoqian. Once he asked Qian what classics he had read, and Daoqian told him that he had read Huayan Classic, so he said, "Which part of Huayan Classic do the six phases, namely, total, different, identical, different, successful and bad, belong to?" ? Tao Qian replied: "It is reasonable to say in the Ten Classics that all the laws born in the world have six phases." The dharma eye asked again, "Are there still six phases in emptiness?" ? This is a stupid question. I don't know what is right, and then I say, "If you ask me this question, I will tell you". Tao Qian asked according to the words, "Does space also have six phases?" ? The watchful eye immediately replied, "It is empty." Hearing this, Dao Qian suddenly realized. I couldn't help jumping for joy, thanking those eyes. So the watchful eye asked again, "How do you know"? Dao Qian immediately replied: "Empty." The eyes are full of praise. Among the five schools and seven schools of Zen, Fayan School attaches great importance to Buddhist classics, and forms its own imperial clan style by melting and casting classic principles. Song's "People's Eyes" wrote: "This family style, ill-treated drugs, clothes to cut each other, love to sweep each other." The Fayan School absorbed the essence of Shurangama Sutra, Vajrayana, Jue Yuan Yi, Vimopal, Shurangama Sutra and Huayan Law, and formed its own unique views. The main idea of Fa Yanzong comes from the idea of "harmony is precious" in Wen Yi's Six Fu of Huayan and the aim of "doing nothing without doing anything" in Three Realms of Idealism. Master Wen Yi said in the Ten Rules: "All Buddhas have their own reasons, their own strengths and their own insights." . I think the director is harmonious, just like the relationship between eyes and hands and feet, which cooperate with each other. The director's harmony is "everything is ready", not artificially arranged, as it is. Deshao inherited his aim of "everything is ready", and then carried forward "everything is ready for Buddhism" ... nothing is owed. Disciple Yanshou then gave full play to Wen Yi's tenet of "Nothing is desired, everything is made by the heart", that is, "teaching with the heart and taking all methods as a mirror". He said, "The bergamot gives the imperial edict, and the heart transmits it to the ancestors." The Fayan School is the last school founded by the five schools of Zen, so it absorbs the advantages of many schools, and when necessary, it passes on the classics Yi, Deshao and Yanshou III from generation to generation. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, King Koryo praised prolonging life and learning morality, sent letters to his disciples, and sent 36 eminent monks to accept Taoism, and then returned to Korea to educate one side, so Fa Yanzong prevailed overseas. Liang Qing Temple in Nanjing, the birthplace of Zuting Fayan School, is located in Liangqingshan Park in the west of Nanjing. Founded in Tang Xizong for four years (AD 884), it was originally named Xingjiao Temple. It was called Liang Qing Temple in the early Ming Dynasty and is still in use. Liang Qing Temple was originally large, and the late master Li Yu often lived in the temple. It is said that the Deqing Hall in the temple is the post-title. An ancient well behind the temple was dug in the third year of Baoda in the Southern Tang Dynasty (AD 945), which is also known as Baoda Spring. Well water is abundant and the water quality is clear. 1982, the park management office built a well pavilion on the spring. There is a stone tablet on the north wall of the well pavilion, and the word Yangquan is engraved on the south, which was inscribed by calligrapher Xiao Xian. In the north, there is a "Brief Introduction to Returning Yangquan" written by calligrapher Zhuang Xizu. The buildings in the temple have been destroyed repeatedly, and the existing Buddhist temple was built in the late Qing Dynasty. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, temples were basically destroyed. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, Master Wen Yi, the abbot of Liang Qing Temple, founded Fayanzong, one of the five schools of Zen in China. After the death of Zen master Wen Yi, Li Jing, a master of Southern Tang Dynasty, became a big-eyed Zen master. Later, 36 monks from North Korea came to Liang Qing Temple, where they passed on Master Wen Yi's theory of prolonging life. As a result, Fayan Zong spread abroad, and Liang Qing Temple became the Fayan Ancestral Hall in Buddhism. In the past ten years, people from Buddhist circles in South Korea have often visited Liang Qingshan to pay their respects to their ancestral homes. On June 20, 2009, a Buddhist temple and five meditation rooms in the former Liang Qing Temple were handed over to the Buddhist community and reopened as venues for religious activities. After the restoration of Liang Qing Temple, Liang Qing will also rebuild a landmark building to promote Buddhism. After entering the south gate of Liang Qing Temple Park, there are mountains on both sides and a narrow strip in the middle, which has reserved a lot of space for the overall development planning of Liang Qing Temple. After Wen Yi's death, Li Jing, a master of the Southern Tang Dynasty, was named "the Great Zen Master with the Eyes of Law", and later generations called this school "the School of Eyes of Law". When the school of spiritual criticism came into being, there were already serious sectarian disputes and portal disputes within Zen. This narrow ideological tendency and behavioral defects were not conducive to the healthy development of Buddhism, but also violated the fundamental spirit of Buddhism. Therefore, both Wen Yi and Yanshou are regarded as the objects of analysis and criticism, and their theoretical interpretation and belief establishment are permeated with valuable realistic critical spirit. Among the five schools and seven schools of Zen, the theoretical works of Lingfa School are the most abundant. However, some people think that although prolonging life enriches the theory and practice of Zen, "it also makes Zen lose its true colors, and it is inevitable that the Fa Yan School, as an independent Sect of Zen, will be difficult to continue to spread. "What is the true meaning of Zen? From the purpose of Dharma's "four lines and two middle schools" to the connotation of Huineng's "no place to live", from "sliding the stone road" to "going to Zhaozhou for tea", their true colors should be: they are completely equal in thought at present and will join the WTO immediately; The so-called straightforward, not paranoid. Legalists are not paranoid, they show their spirit in theory and practice. According to the statistics of "Wu Guang Hui Yuan" and "A Record of Fa Zhuan", there were about 183 people who inherited Fa Yanzong in the Southern Tang Dynasty, South Vietnam and the Five Dynasties. According to the statistics of the inheritance map in the appendix at the end of this book, there were more than 360 people. Among the descendants of Fa Yan, the famous ones are Tiantai Deshao, Liang Qingtai Qin, Baizhang Daoheng, Jingde Zhiyun and Yongming Daoqian.