The cursive script is characterized by simple structure and continuous strokes. Cao Zhang originated in the Western Han Dynasty and flourished in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The font is in the form of official script, and the characters are different and correct each other. This grass originated in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, with diverse styles and beautiful brushwork. The sum of the present and the present is longer than this grass, and the present and the rest are also longer than this grass. Wild Grass, also known as Big Grass, has bold brushwork and continuous posture, such as Zhang Xu's Thousand Pieces of Broken Monuments and Four Ancient Poems in the Tang Dynasty, and Notes on the Autobiography of Monks in Huai Su. It is different from Sun's in words and characters, but it is lively and charming in brushwork. "Big grass" and "small grass" are symmetrical. Big grass is pure grass-based and difficult to identify. Zhang Xu and Huai Su are good at it, and their words are written in one stroke, sometimes out of line, but the context is constant. In Qing Dynasty, Feng Ban gave a lecture on cursive script in "Blunt Printing Book": learn from it, learn from it, learn from it, and learn from Zhang Xu as weeds, so it is better to learn from Huai Su. Huai Su's cursive script is easy to recognize, the handwriting is fine, and the relationship between words is clear and easy to put pen to paper. Zhang Xu's glyphs vary widely, often a number, and the momentum between them is constant, which is difficult to identify and forms a unique style. As mentioned in Han Yu's Preface to Giving People a Noble Mind, Zhang Xu's cursive script is "angry and embarrassed, sad and sorrowful, resentful and resentful, yearning, drunk and annoyed, unfair and moving in the heart, which is bound to be reflected in the cursive script", so it is difficult to learn from Zhang.
Li Shu's common brushwork is elegant with a pen, which is called Cao Li, and some are like Cao Zhang, which is related to his usual skill in writing Li Shu, so Cao Li can create a unique style. It is also a way to write performances.
"Breaking grass" is the most common among modern calligraphers. Its characteristic is the combination of strokes and strokes. Most of them have evolved into their own styles since ancient times. Wang Xizhi learned some from his calligraphy style, and Wang Duo took some from his calligraphy posts. Zhu Yunming, Sun and other famous artists learn from each other's strong points, and each has its own features, and they are free to play and unrestrained. This writing is similar to today's grass.
Cursive script is called "cursive script", and there are many ways of writing, that is, running script close to cursive script. The brushwork is relatively smooth. In the Qing Dynasty, Liu Xizai's Outline of Books said that there were "true line" and "careless line" in running scripts. The "true line" is similar to the real book and perpendicular to the truth, while the "grass line" is similar to the cursive script and converges to the grass. Zhang Huaiguan's Lun Shu in the Tang Dynasty said: Those who are true are called "true", and those who take grass are called "walking grass". So, there is this difference.
Zheng Banqiao's good six-and-a-half calligraphy is a font in calligraphy, a "hybrid" with many components. Zheng Banqiao combines seal script, official script and running script in one furnace, with eight points between them, so he calls himself "six-and-a-half-script method". In the Qing Dynasty, Jiang Shiquan praised Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy cloud: Banqiao wrote words like orchid, the waves were elegant and graceful, Banqiao wrote words like orchid, and the leaves were beautiful and beautiful. This means that Zheng Banqiao's official script is divided into six and a half volumes, and the brushwork is completed in the middle.
Song Si's On Calligraphy in the Ming Dynasty put forward the main points of "Twelve Techniques", namely: 1. Treat people sincerely, 2. Writing, 3. Use the wrist, 4. Integrity, 5. Copying, 6. Structure, 7. Fiona Fang, 8 years old. Density, 9. Late speed, 10. Proficient They all adopted the excellent theories of their predecessors and collected them for learners to understand.
The name of the script. Cursive script was formed in Han Dynasty. From Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty, it can be divided into Cao Zhang, Modern Grass and Wild Grass. , such as Songjiang version of Xiang Jizhang, modern grass such as Wang Xizhi's early moon, Tex in Jin Dynasty, Sun Shupu, weeds such as Zhang Xu's abdominal pain in Tang Dynasty and Huai Su's autobiography, are all existing treasures.
Any style of writing requires simplicity and easy writing, and there is a tendency to preserve stick figures and scrawled handwriting. This trend is the main reason for the evolution of characters. Whenever there is a period of social change and great cultural development, words are frequently used and it is convenient for individuals to save words, and the appearance of variant characters is accelerated. In order to make the text easy to use, it is necessary to correct it. Tai Shi Shu, Li Si Zhuan, Cheng Miao Li Shu and Cai Yong's Xiping Book of Songs, written in eight-part script, are all standard characters promulgated by Zhou, Qin and Han dynasties respectively to standardize the popular characters at that time, and are also recognized as the beginning of a new script that has formed regular script. But the trend towards simplicity has not stopped. As early as in the inscriptions of Shang Dynasty Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Zhou Dynasty, which recorded the important events of emperors and generals, there were stick figures and scrawled handwriting. "Qu Yuan is a grasshopper" and "Dong Zhongshu's calligraphy is not on the page" in Historical Records show that the ancient prose of the Warring States period and the official script of the Western Han Dynasty are incorrect in rapid writing. According to Wei Jinzhi, Liu Mu, the revered king of Beihai in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is "good at history books, and today people think it is a model". Before Liu Mu died, Ming Di sent a post horse to write ten cursive scripts. During the reign of Zhang, it was a good example to learn Chinese characters. Emperor Zhang once ordered the writing of cursive script. It can be seen that since the middle of 1 century, cursive characters have not been written in a hurry, but have been cherished and imitated. It can be seen from the Han bamboo slips unearthed in modern times that the simplified characters of the official script of the Western Han Dynasty have become popular. In the era of Xin Mang, there were more stroke-saving and ligature characters. In the 22nd year of Jianwu (AD 46), the bamboo slips were completely cursive. However, from the Zhou Dynasty to Xin Mang, cursive script was never listed as a kind of calligraphy. Shuo Wen Jie Zi was written in the 12th year (AD 100), and Xu Shen said in Xu that "there was a cursive script in Han Dynasty", which was the beginning of cursive script. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhi was praised as a sage of grass. At the same time, Zhong You and other famous artists came forth in large numbers, each of which became a genre. At that time, Zhao Yi had an article "Non-cursive script", and Cai Yong also had a similar discussion on maintaining the status of orthography, which reflected that cursive script was very popular. From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, cursive script developed from Cao Zhang with the meaning of official script to today's cursive script, and even to wild cursive script. Cao Zhang's name has been interpreted in different dynasties. It is the most absurd to say that Cao Zhang got his name from the chapter in Urgent Chapter since the end of Han Dynasty. It is speculated that Zhang Di liked cursive script or ordered it to be used as a souvenir, and even said that Zhang Di created cursive script. Some chapters are synonymous with the articles of association and Zhang Kaizhang, which are in line with the early cursive script with eight strokes, and the words are not related to each other, and the strokes have changed into rules to follow, which many people believe. When did this grass come into being? There are two viewpoints: Zhang Zhi in the late Han Dynasty, Wang Xizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Wang Qia. From the handed down tables, stickers and unearthed Han bamboo slips and bricks, it can be seen that at the end of the Han Dynasty, eight-part essay, as a regular script, had a writing method similar to real books. Cursive scripts can also mutate. Cui Yuan, a cursive writer a little later than Zhang Zhi, wrote the cursive script "Like a string of beads, never leave" and "Stop the momentum, what is left?" The descriptions of "tangling", "hanging from the head without a tail" and "being clever and adapting temporarily" show that the cursive script in the late Han Dynasty was smooth and unconventional. The development of calligraphy has no obvious boundaries. It is said that this grass originated from the bud of Zhang Zhi as a new body; It is said that this grass originated from the two kings, focusing on the typical formation. True books have been handed down since the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, cursive script appeared, represented by Zhang Xu and Huai Su, and became an artistic creation completely divorced from practicality. Since then, cursive script has become a copy of, and Cao. Li Bai's Memories of Time Past written by Huang Gu in Song Dynasty is the masterpiece of Weeds.