Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong (165438+June 200712 ~18765438+1October 9), the word Deji, was the first emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. 1127 June12 ~1162 July 20th. The year numbers are Jianyan and Shaoxing in turn. Song Huizong Evonne's ninth son and Song Qinzong Zhao Huan's younger brother. In the first month of 1 126 (the first year of Jingkang), Jin Bing surrounded Bianjing and invited Prince Zaichen to make peace with the army. Qin Zong ordered him to be the envoy, and Zhao Yougong. Later, he was the marshal of Hebei military forces, with ten thousand foot soldiers. In the second year, Bianjing City was breached, Emperor Qin Hui was captured to the north, the royal family, men, women and children were taken away, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. It was the emperor of Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) who acceded to the throne and organized Qin Wang's military forces outside. Change the Yuan Dynasty to make suggestions, which is called the Southern Song Dynasty in history. In A.D. 1 127 (the first year of Jianyan), he fled to Yangzhou in the south, and the Jin people directed at Yangzhou the following year. In three years, from Yangzhou to Zhenjiang, then to Hangzhou, and then to Jiankang House in the north (now Nanjing), he sent a letter to Jin Shuren, expressing his willingness to cut off the title of Song Dynasty. The Jin people refused the surrender of Emperor Gaozong and went south again, "searching for mountains and catching seas". Gaozong went from Jiankang to Zhenjiang, Hangzhou, Yuezhou, Mingzhou and Dinghai until he fled to the sea by boat. The Jin people also pursued the sea, but they had to give up because of the heavy rain and the fact that the Jin army was not good at water warfare. 1 129 (the third year of jianyan) In December, Jin people crossed the state, and Anfu made Ye Li surrender in Kaesong. Shoujiang Tang Qi attacked Jinjiang Sect with a boulder on his sleeve and was killed. In April of the following year, Jin Wushu led an army to plunder Hangzhou and returned to the north, and Emperor Gaozong returned to Yuezhou from Wenzhou. In June, the attendants, the remonstrator and the general discussed the issue of staying in the city, imitating the story of Liangzhou in Tang Dynasty, and promoted it to the government, titled it as the time (preface to Lu You Jia Tai Lu), and later changed it to "the first year of Shaoxing" (1 130). During the Vietnam period, the summer taxes of Hutianmi in three counties of Shaoxing Prefecture and Zhejiang Province were exempted, and the first-class silk and silk floss were purchased. The supply of silver in central Fujian was reduced by one third, and the following prisoners were released and the sages were rehabilitated. By AD 1 132 (the second year of Shaoxing), he left Yuezhou for Lin 'an on the tenth day of the first month and stayed in Shaoxing for one year and eight months. 1 187 (in the 14th year of Xichun) died in Deshou Hall in October of the lunar calendar, and in March of 1 189 (in the 16th year of Xichun), he was buried in Yong Siling, Zangong, Huiji (now Baoshan, Shaoxing County), and was named Emperor Xiao Xian of Saint SHEN WOO, with the hall number Gaozong. 1 192 (the second year of Shao Xi) was added as Emperor Wen Zhaoren and appointed Emperor Xiaozong of SHEN WOO, which made all contributions to ZTE. He is the author of Mo Hanzhi. The History of Song Dynasty includes biographies. [ 1]
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Zhao Gou was granted the title of Kang Wang in 1 12 1 year (the third year of Song Huizong Xuanhe). 11In the spring of 26 (the first year of Qin Kang), when the nomads from the army first surrounded Kaifeng, they were briefly held hostage as a prince. That winter, the nomads from the south invaded again, and he was ordered to send Jin Ying to make peace. In order to avoid being captured by the southern nomads, Zong Ze, the defender, dissuaded him from staying in Cizhou (now Hebei Province). When Jinbing surrounded Kaifeng again, he was appointed as the Marshal of Hebei Military Forces (Zhao Gou was called the Marshal of the Military Forces in the World in the Song Dynasty). Song Ting ordered him to lead Song Bing from Hebei to save the capital, but he moved to Daming House (now Hebei) and then to Dongping House (now Shandong) to avoid the enemy. Song Huizong and Qin Zong were captured by the nomads from the north. On the first day of May of the following year, he ascended the throne in Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) in Nanjing, becoming the first emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. Song Gaozong was the leader of the capitulators in the early years of Southern Song Dynasty. At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Gang, an anti-Japanese faction, became prime minister, but Li Gang was soon driven away, and Wang Boyan and Huang Qianshan, his minions, abandoned the Central Plains and fled from Yingtianfu, Nanjing to Yangzhou to enjoy themselves. In February of lunar calendar 1 129 (the third year of jianyan), an army of nomads attacked Yangzhou. He crossed the river in a panic and went to Hangzhou via Zhenjiang prefecture. Under the pressure of public opinion, he had to recall Wang Boyan, Huang Qian Shan and others. Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan took advantage of the sergeant's dissatisfaction with state affairs and staged a coup, killing Song Gaozong's co-signer Wang Yuan and a group of eunuchs, forcing Song Gaozong to abdicate. Lv Yihao, Zhang Jun, civil servants and military commanders Han Shizhong, Liu Guangshi and Zhang Jun fought for the "diligent king", and Song Gaozong was "restored". He constantly sent envoys to the rulers to beg for surrender, complaining that after he fled to the south, he was "poor, narrow-minded" and "there was no one to follow, and he was anxious to get nothing", demanding that the rulers of the rulers "see Si Qi" and stop marching south. However, we have not made any effective arrangements against the Golden War. In September, nomads from across the river invaded south, and Song Gaozong led his troops to flee south. In October, I went to Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), then fled to Mingzhou (now Ningbo, Zhejiang), from Mingzhou to Dinghai (now Zhenhai, Zhejiang), drifted to the sea and fled to Wenzhou (now Zhejiang). Xia Jinbing didn't return to Shaoxing (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) until he withdrew from Jiangnan in four years, and later Lin 'an was designated as the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. Nomads from the nomads stopped invading south, and Song Gaozong deployed elite soldiers to suppress peasant rebels and bandits in Jinghu, Jiangxi and Fujian, thus consolidating its rule. Although he made some arrangements for the nomads from the defense, and appointed Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, Liu Guangshi, Zhang Jun and others to be responsible for the defense of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, he only used military deployment as a bargaining chip and never intended to recover lost ground. He regarded Qin Gui, who was sent by the ruler to induce him to surrender in the Southern Song Dynasty, as his confidant and appointed him as prime minister. Together with Qin Gui, he stepped up surrender activities and tried to suppress the anti-gold demands of generals such as Yue Fei. When Song Jun from all walks of life won the Shaoxing Ten-year (1 140) Gold War, Song Gaozong was worried that the generals' achievements were too great to fail, and he was afraid that he would have to abdicate after welcoming Qin Zong, so he ordered Song Jun from all walks of life to dispatch troops, which destroyed the good situation of the anti-gold struggle. In the eleventh year, generals such as Yue Fei and Han Shizhong were relieved of military power, and they expressed their determination to make peace with the rulers. Soon, he and Yue Fei's father and son rebelled unjustly and killed them on charges of "unwarranted", so they signed a humiliating and surrendering Shaoxing Peace Conference with the rulers and paid tribute to Jin in exchange for Jin's recognition of his sovereignty in the south of Huaihe River and the Big Three Pass. 1 14 1 (the 11th year of Shaoxing) After the signing of the peace talks in November, according to the rules of the rulers, Qin Gui actually became the prime minister for life. Although Song Gaozong became more and more suspicious of him, he still indulged in his autocratic hegemony, refusing and attacking officials who advocated the war of resistance. Even after his death, he still appointed capitulators, Japanese and others to take power and insisted on the conditions of peace talks with Kim. In addition to paying 250,000 silver silks and horses every year, the gifts for the gold owner He and his birthday are also "tens of thousands of horses". As long as the ruler asked for a good fight, Song Gaozong immediately ordered someone to search. However, for the people in its ruling area, various excuses were used to increase the search and exploitation, which made the tax items in the Southern Song Dynasty more than those in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the exploitation was even more cruel. 1 16 1 (in the thirty-first year of Shaoxing) In autumn, Wan Yanliang, the king of Jin Hailing, invaded the south on a large scale, and Song Gaozong tried to escape from Lin 'an House. King Jin Hailing failed to cross the river and was killed by his men (see Quarrying Battle). Send messengers to congratulate him on his accession to the throne and prepare to get back together with Kim. After being emperor for thirty-six years, Song Gaozong passed the throne to his adopted son Zhao Shen in June of 1 162 (the thirty-second year of Shaoxing) for the sake of Song Xiaozong. He called himself the emperor's father. After Zhao Gou abdicated, he claimed that he would no longer ask about state affairs, but actually intervened in some political affairs. One day, he went to Lingyin Temple Cold Spring Pavilion for tea, and a walker took good care of him. He looked at Monkey and said, "I don't think you look like Monkey." Monkey cried, "I was a county magistrate, so I offended the supervisor and was framed as Shu Ren. In order to make a living, I have to come here to visit relatives and do such rough work. " Zhao Gou immediately said, "I will explain to the emperor for you tomorrow." I really told the emperor about the consequences of returning to the palace and wanted him to be reinstated. A few days later, he came to Lengquan Pavilion again and found Monkey still there. When he returned to the palace, he frowned at the party. Filial piety carefully asked Zhao Gou why he was angry. Zhao Gou said, "I'm old and nobody listens. I told you about the monkey a few days ago. Why not deal with it? " Xiaozong replied, "I told the Prime Minister yesterday. When the Prime Minister checked, he said that this man was insatiable and perverted the law. It is very lenient to be able to avoid his death, and it is really impossible to be reinstated. " Zhao Gou ignored all this and said, "How can I meet people again? I have promised him to plead with you. " Filial piety had to say to the Prime Minister, "The Emperor lost his temper. Even if that man commits murder, you have to reinstate him. " The Prime Minister had to comply. Zhao Gou is politically incompetent, but he is good at calligraphy. He is good at truth, line and cursive script. His brushwork is free and easy, beautiful and natural, which has gained great charm. Tao's Book History Society in the Ming Dynasty said: "The emperor Gao Zong is good at truth, action and cursive writing, and heaven can make it wonderful." His calligraphy influenced and influenced the calligraphy circle in the last years of the Southern Dynasties, and later generations took Zhao Gou, who was obsessed with calligraphy when he was young, as an example. Lu You once said: "Think about the eight methods, pay attention to elegance, visit famous calligraphy and painting, and spare no effort. The leisurely swallows show great enthusiasm. " He once said to himself: "My brushwork from Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Six Dynasties was copied without exception. Many people were prepared to use pens, but they still had a choice. If you post it, the benefits will be far-reaching, the benefits will be strict, and even sung. " He collected ancient calligraphy posts and famous paintings lost by the war in Xuanhe Neifu, and personally advocated people to learn calligraphy. He believes: "Scholars are good at calligraphy. If they are not so diligent in the pool, there will be a place to paint. It is not shameful to believe in their hands. " He is good at learning.