2018 Publishing Qualification Examination Elementary Theoretical and Practical Knowledge Points: Printing and Reproduction of Publications
Chapter 4 Publication Production and Production
Section 2 Publishing Printing and reproduction of objects
1. Focus on mastering the following contents
1. What is pre-press digitization
Pre-press digitization of books and periodicals refers to pre-press graphic information The processing process refers to the printing requirements of the overall design of books and periodicals. The text part of the original manuscript is typed by computer, the image part is processed by color decomposition and scaling, and a series of pre-printing processes such as image and text splicing and continuous screen adjustment are implemented.
2. Computer typesetting of books and periodicals
(1) Types and characteristics of Chinese character fonts
A. Song style: characterized by square fonts and horizontal and vertical strokes Straight, thin horizontally and thick vertically, with clear edges and corners, rigorous structure, neat and even.
B. Regular script: It is characterized by regular fonts, tall and beautiful handwriting, and even fonts.
C. Imitation Song Dynasty: It is characterized by Song Dynasty structure, regular script writing, horizontal and straight strokes with well-proportioned thickness, and clear and straight fonts.
D. Long imitation Song style: It is characterized by a rectangular shape, the ratio of the size and width of the character body is 4:3 or 3:2, the font is long and narrow, and the strokes are thin and elegant.
E. Artistic calligraphy: It is characterized by visualizing the structure and glyphs of the text.
(2) Standard units for font sizes in my country
A. Number system: It is based on three types of movable type that are not multiples of each other. Doubling or halving forms a system. There are four-point, five-point, and six-point font systems. Such as the five-point font system: small special-sized fonts are four times five-point fonts, and second-size fonts are two times five-point fonts.
B. Point system, also known as pound, is translated from the English "point" and abbreviated as "P". It uses the measurement unit "point" as a special scale to measure the size of words. Each point (IP) is equal to 0.35mm, and the error does not exceed 0.005mm. For example, a size 5 character is 10.5 points, which is 3.5 0.175=3.675mm. The size of foreign type movable type is calculated in points, and the size of each point is approximately equal to 1/72 inch, or 0.35146mm.
C. The size of characters in photographic typesetting is calculated in mm, and the unit of measurement is "level", represented by "J" (oldly represented by K). Each level is equal to 0.25mm, and 1mm is equal to 4 levels. Generally, the basic shape of text is square. Level 20 text, this is a text with 5mm on all sides.
(3) Input of computer text information
A. Coding input: refers to coding Chinese characters into codes based on fonts, strokes or pinyin, and inputting them directly with codes. For example: Pinyin, Wubi shape, etc.
B. Natural input: refers to the method of inputting Chinese characters or graphics directly based on the shape of Chinese characters or the pronunciation of Chinese characters as a whole, and realizing the input of Chinese characters or graphics through computer recognition and distinction. For example: automatic recognition of input methods and voice input methods.
(4) The concept of network coverage
The ratio of network coverage area to the total area is called network coverage, which is usually expressed as a percentage, so it is also called network percentage.
(5)The concept of dot angle
The angle between the line connecting the centers of adjacent dots and the reference line is called the screen line angle.
(6) The concept of dot line number
Within a unit length, the number of connected lines between the centers of adjacent dots accommodated is called the dot line number.
(7)The concept of dot shape
Refers to the shape of 50 dots. Commonly used dot shapes include square, circle, oval, chain, etc.
(8) The three primary colors of color and light
Red, green and blue
(9) Color and light additive color method
The addition of color and light ( The brightness of the new colored light obtained by mixing) increases, so the mixing of colored lights is called the additive color method.
(10) Three primary colors of color materials
Yellow, magenta, cyan
(11) Color material subtractive color method
Color materials The color obtained by the addition (mixing) has a reduced brightness, so the mixing of color materials is called subtractive color method.
(12) Commonly used software for color desktop systems
A. Color drawing software: Illustraor, Freehand.
B. Color image software: Photoshop
C. Color typesetting software: Quark Xpress, Pagemaker
3. Elements of printing
(1) Originals: reflective originals and transmission originals, color originals and black and white originals
(2) Printing plates: divided into four types: convex, flat, concave and hole.
(3) Substrate: paper, iron sheet, plastic, silk, etc.
(4) Printing ink
(5) Printing machinery
4. Printing and copying procedures
(1) When printing publications, the entrusted printing unit and printing enterprise shall sign a printing contract in accordance with relevant national regulations
(2) Entrusted printing of books and periodicals, the printing power of attorney stamped by the publishing unit must be verified and stored, and reported to the publishing administrative department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government where the publishing unit is located for filing before printing.
(3) If a printing enterprise accepts entrustment to print internal information publications, it must verify the seal approval certificate issued by the publishing administrative department of the local people's government at or above the county level.
(4) When a printing enterprise accepts entrustment to print overseas publications, it must hold legal certification documents related to copyright and be approved by the publishing administrative department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government. All printed overseas publications must be transported. It shall be exported and shall not be issued or distributed within the country.
II. Need to know the following contents
1. The basic structure of computer system for typesetting
(1) Central processing unit
( 2) Internal memory (RAM, ROM)
(3) External memory (disk, tape, optical disk)
(4) Input device
(5) Output device
2. The meaning of color
(1) Hue: the most basic characteristic of color
(2) Brightness: the energy of light
(3) Saturation: purity of color
3. High-end networking
It is to connect traditional plate making equipment and DTP system online or offline through corresponding interfaces. They are connected in a computer-based manner to give full play to their respective strengths and comprehensively complete image and text processing.
4. The main structure of the color desktop system
(1) Input devices: color scanner, video camera, video recorder, TV receiver camera, digital camera, text input keyboard.
(2) Processing equipment: In the early days, they were all dedicated computers, but now they are all personal computers, MAC and PC.
(3) Output equipment: color printer, laser imagesetter, electronic color separation machine recording part, Gao Rui Internet.
5. Plate making method
(1) Text typesetting: Text typesetting is the process of arranging text manuscripts into prescribed formats according to design requirements.
(2) Letterpress plate making:
(3) Flat plate making
(4) Intaglio plate making
(5) Hole plate making
6. Types and characteristics of printing
(1) Letterpress printing: direct printing, with the graphic part higher than the blank part.
(2) Lithographic printing: Indirect printing, the graphic part and the blank part are on the same plane.
(3) Gravure printing: direct printing: the graphic part is lower than the blank part.
(4) Hole printing: direct printing: graphics and text can be printed on the substrate through ink.
7. Commonly used plate-making machinery
Electronic color separation machines, photographic typesetting machines, plate-making cameras, developing machines, duplicating machines, plate-making machines, proofing machines, etc.
8. Printing presses are classified according to printing plates.
Letterpress printing press, offset printing press, gravure printing press, stencil printing press, and special printing press.
9. Commonly used post-press processing machinery
Paper cutters, folding machines, collating machines, staplers, wrapping machines, packaging machines, etc.