Zhuge Liang (181-234), courtesy name Kongming and nickname Wolong, was a native of Langxieyangdu (now Yinan, Shandong). He is a descendant of Zhuge Feng, the captain of Sili School in the Han Dynasty.
In terms of equipment production: one-shot ten-arrow repeating crossbow, cart crossbow, wooden ox and horse for transportation, rooster crow pillow, Zhuge cooking pot, long-sleeved armor hat, zinc drum, and many other equipment. Tools, Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms. Zhuge Liang's Biography" records: "Lightness is better than ingenuity, profits and losses are continuous, and the wooden ox and the horse are all beyond his intention." "
Agriculture: Zhuge Liang cultivated improved seeds, improved soil, created agricultural tools, implemented intercropping and other agricultural technologies. Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms? Zhuge Liang's Biography" records: Liang "The refinement of common things is based on physics. ”
Music: One volume of "Zhongxing Book of Music·Qin Jing", written by Zhuge Liang, describes the beginning of Qin making and the sound of the seven strings, and the meaning of the thirteen symbols.
Xie Xiyi "Qin Lun" also records: "Zhuge Liang wrote "Liang Fu Yin". "Yu Di Zhi" records: "There is a stone harp in the Wuhou Temple in Dingjun Mountain. When you brush it, the sound is very clear. It is said that it was left by Wuhou." ”
Zhuge Liang is proficient in music, likes to play the piano and sing, and has high musical accomplishment.
This shows that Zhuge Liang combines music practice with music and theory, and integrates vocal music, instrumental music and composition. A musical genius who combines lyrics with writing is rare at home and abroad.
Calligraphy: Volume 13 of "Xuanhe Shupu" records: Zhuge Liang "is good at painting and also likes to write cursive calligraphy. Although he is not known as a calligrapher, he is famous in the world. If you get its relics, you must treasure it." He also said: "The cursive script in the imperial palace today is: "Yuan She Tie"
The "Gu and Jin Dharma Script Garden" written by Zhou Yue in the Northern Song Dynasty also recorded: "Sichuan The first master tried to make three tripods, all of which were made in the eight-point seal script of Marquis Wu, which is extremely exquisite." This shows Zhuge Liang's achievements in the history of Chinese calligraphy.
Painting: Xie Xiyi's "Qin Lun" said: Zhuge Liang and his son both. Good at painting.
"Huayang Guozhi. Nanzhong" records: The custom is to conquer witches and ghosts, like to curse alliances, throw stones and weeds, and officials often use curses to punish alliances. Zhuge Liang made a map for the barbarians: first, he painted the sky, the earth, the sun and the moon, the monarch, his ministers, and the city; secondly, he painted the dragon, which gave birth to the barbarians, as well as cattle, horses, camels, and sheep; later, he painted the chief officials of the department riding horse flags and coverings, patrolling for safety; and he painted sheep carrying wine and gold treasures. The image of Yi is used to grant Yi. The barbarians are very serious, and Xu Zhisheng is straight-spoken. Also with the Ruijin Iron Scroll, both are still there today.
Zhang Yanyuan also recorded the collection and sales of paintings at that time in his book "On Painting". He said: "Nowadays, it is divided into three ancient times to determine the high and low. Taking the three kingdoms of Han and Wei as the older ones, Zhao Qi, Liu Yao, Cai Yong, Zhang Heng, Cao Mao, Yang Xiu, Huan Fan, Xu Miao, Cao Buxing, and Zhuge Liang "Liu Shiye"
In terms of literature: Zhuge Liang mainly wrote prose, and he was also very distinctive in poetry creation.
Zhang Shu, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, compiled it and preserved it. There are about 199 articles, including countermeasures, edicts, tables, books, teachings, military orders, military essentials, inscriptions, records, general gardens, etc. Although these works are all practical articles and not purely literary works, they are the essence of Zhuge Liang's thoughts and speeches throughout his life.
His representative works include: "Chu Shi Biao", "Long Zhong Dui" and "Liang Fu Yin"
In terms of architecture: Yuan Hong's "Han Chronicles" also has the same record and says: "Liang is good at managing government buildings, secondary buildings, bridges, and roads."
Sima Yi came to check it out. After the Shu military camp, he sincerely sighed: "Zhuge Gong is a genius in the world."
"Dian Lue" records: "Zhuge appeared in Shu, built pavilions and barriers, and built pavilions and barriers from Chengdu to Baishui Pass. More than a hundred districts. ”
Military aspect:
Focus on innovation of ordnance and equipment;
Deduced the formation method to make the "Eight Formations";
Manage the army As a general, you can use your troops to assess the situation, strategize, and win a thousand-mile victory;
Analyze the situation with a far-sighted view; be good at observing the general trend, and predict the rise of the Three Kingdoms before you are born.