⒈The King of Chu and Qin
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Nanjing was located at the "head of Wu and the tail of Chu", and the city of Wu was built here.
In 472 BC, after King Gou Jian of Yue destroyed Wu, he ordered Fan Li, the Prime Minister of Yue, to build Yue City on the bank of the Qinhuai River. It was the earliest ancient city in Nanjing.
In 306 BC, King Wei of Chu destroyed Yue, took all the old land of Wu, built a city on Stone Mountain, and built Jinling City. The ruins are in today's Stone City, between Caochangmen and Qingliangmen in the west of Nanjing.
Qin destroyed Chu in 223 BC. In 210 BC, Qin Shihuang visited the east and thought that Jinling had the spirit of the emperor, so he changed Jinling to Moling to denounce it.
In the early Han Dynasty, Moling was successively the fiefdom of Chu King Han Xin and Wu King Liu Bi. In 128 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty named his son Liu Gan the Marquis of Danyang, Liu Xu the Marquis of Hu She, and Liu Dan the Marquis of Moling.
⒉The ancient capital of the Six Dynasties
In 195, Sun Ce crossed the river and occupied Danyang, Jiangcheng, Hushu, Moling and other counties. Around 208, Zhuge Liang went to Jiangdong as an envoy to observe the beauty of Nanjing's mountains and rivers, and made the famous comment that "dragons are in the bells, and tigers are in the rocks." In 211, Sun Quan followed the advice of his adviser Zhang Hong and moved from Jingkou to Moling and changed its name to Jianye. In 229, Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor as Emperor Wu. He returned Wuchang as the capital and established Nanjing as the capital. The ruins of Wushi Stone City are located between Caochang Gate and Qingliang Gate in the west of today's Nanjing City.
In 280, the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed Wu and renamed Jianye. Later, it was renamed Jiankang to avoid the taboo of Jin Min Emperor Sima Ye. Sima Rui, the king of Langya, crossed south and took Jiankang as his foundation. In 317, Sima Rui ascended the throne as Emperor Yuan of the Jin Dynasty. The Eastern Jin Dynasty was formally established and its capital was Jiankang.
In 420, Liu Yu proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of the Jin Dynasty and became Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty was founded and the capital was Jiankang. In 479, Xiao Daocheng proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of the Song Dynasty, as Emperor Gao of Qi. He established the country of Qi and established Jiankang. In 502, Xiao Yan proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Qi, as Emperor Wu of Liang. Liang established his country and the capital was Jiankang. In 557, Chen Ba succeeded Liang and proclaimed himself emperor as Emperor Chen Wu. Chen Liguo was established in Jiankang.
The Wu, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen were collectively called the Six Dynasties, so Nanjing was called the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. Today's Nanjing Library preserves the ruins of Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties. Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties was the largest city in the world at that time, with a population of one million. The economy is developed and the culture is prosperous, and the Zhengshuo of Chinese culture has been preserved in the south of the Yangtze River.
⒊The feelings of Jinling
In 589 AD, the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty ordered Kangcheng to be razed and built, and Stone City was used as the administrative seat of Jiangzhou. It was changed to Danyang County during the reign of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty.
After that, the rulers of the Sui and Tang dynasties successively adopted strategies to suppress Nanjing, moving the Yangzhou administrative seat from Jinling to Guangling, and once abolished the Nanjing state-level establishment. In the early Tang Dynasty, the rebel forces of Du Fuwei and Fugong Er occupied Danyang County and submitted to the Tang court. The Tang Dynasty changed Danyang to naturalization. Du Fuwei entered the court and was detained without return. Fu Gonger rebelled and established the Song Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the state of Jiangnan was established and Shengzhou was established. In 758, the famous calligrapher Yan Zhenqing became the governor of Shengzhou. The following year, he wrote the Wulongtan Fangsheng Pond Stele, and the site still exists today. Li Bai lived in Shengzhou in his later years and died of illness in Dangtu, southwest of Nanjing in 762. In 783, due to the chaos in the feudal town, Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty intended to move the capital, and Han Huang, the military governor of the town, renovated Jinling, but the move failed.
In the Five Dynasties, Yang Wu founded the country and repaired Jinling, making it the western capital. In 937, Xu Zhigao (Li Min) replaced Wu, established the Southern Tang Dynasty, made Jinling its capital, and changed Jinling Prefecture to Jiangning Prefecture.
⒋Accompanying the capital Jiankang
In 975, the Northern Song Dynasty destroyed the Southern Tang Dynasty and made Jiangning Prefecture the prefecture. In 1018, Song Zhenzong promoted Zhao Yiyi (later renamed Zhao Zhen) as the king, and soon made him the crown prince, and changed the name of Shengzhou to Jiangning Prefecture. Zhao Zhen ascended the throne as Song Renzong. Jiangning was regarded as the place where dragons flourished, and trusted ministers (such as Bao Zheng) were often regarded as Jiangning Prefecture Yin. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi twice served as the prime minister of Jiangning Prefecture to preside over reforms. In 1120, Fang La launched an army to rebel against the Song Dynasty, but failed to take Jiangning from the north and control the south of the Yangtze River, leading to final failure.
In 1127, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty ascended the throne and accepted the suggestion of Li Gang, a war leader, to change Jiangning Prefecture to Jiankang Prefecture as the eastern capital. Soon the Jin soldiers moved south, and Emperor Gaozong fled south, taking Hangzhou as his base. In 1137, at the insistence of the main war faction Yue Fei and others, Song Gaozong returned to the capital Jiankang again. In 1138, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty fled south to Hangzhou again in the name of "cultivating virtues rather than choosing dangerous places" when establishing the capital, officially established the capital, and changed Hangzhou to Lin'an Prefecture. Jiankang Mansion was the accompanying capital.
In 1275, Yuan soldiers went south and took Jiankang Mansion as Jiankang. In 1329, Kang was renamed Jiqing.
⒌The Enlightened City
In 1356, Zhu Yuanzhang conquered Jiqing and changed Jiqing Road to Yingtianfu. As a base, Zhu Yuanzhang called himself Wu Guogong. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian, and his country was named Ming, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty. Take Yingtianfu as Nanjing as the capital, and Kaifeng as Beijing as the companion capital. In 1378, Beijing was dismissed and Nanjing was made the capital. In 1386, the capital city walls were completed. Nanjing was expanded on the basis of the old city of Jiqing Road in the Yuan Dynasty. The city consists of three parts, namely the old city, the palace area and the garrison area. The latter two are expansions of the early Ming Dynasty. A 33.68-kilometer-long masonry city wall was built around these three areas, which is now the Nanjing Ming City Wall. It is the largest city wall in the world (followed by Paris; followed by Beijing in China). The base of the Nanjing City Wall is paved with strips of stone, and the outer walls on both sides of the wall are built with large city bricks of about 10 cm x 20 cm x 40 cm. After being fired in various counties, they were transported to Nanjing for use. Each brick was printed with the names of the supervising officials, potters and servants. You can imagine the strict quality responsibility system. There are thirteen city gates along the city wall, with towers built on them. In 1403, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty promoted Peiping to Beijing as the accompanying capital. At the end of 1420, Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty moved the capital to Beijing, with Nanjing as the companion capital. In 1644, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself on Meishan and Beijing fell. King Fu Zhu Yousong ascended the throne in Nanjing.
⒍The Storm of Heaven
In 1645, the Qing troops conquered Nanjing. Change the name of Nanzhili to Jiangnan Province and Yingtian Prefecture to Jiangning Prefecture. In 1649, the Qing Dynasty established the governor of Liangjiang in Jiangning. In 1853, the Taiping Army captured Jiangning and renamed it Tianjing as its capital. In today's Presidential Palace, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Palace was built. In 1864, Qing troops conquered Tianjing, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom fell, and the Tianwang Mansion was destroyed.
⒎The City of Fraternity
Republic of China buildings (part) scattered throughout Nanjing In 1912, Sun Yat-sen took office as the interim president of the Republic of China in Nanjing, with Nanjing as the capital.
In 1927, the Northern Expedition conquered Nanjing. Soon the Nanjing National Government was established.
On September 19, 1937, the commander of the Japanese Third Fleet Kiyoshi Hasegawa ordered the implementation of "indiscriminate level" bombing of Nanjing and others.
After the Japanese army occupied Shanghai, they divided their troops with 200,000 troops from the north and the south to attack Nanjing. The Chinese army, with more than 100,000 troops, fought bloody battles and bravely fought back against the invaders.
Starting at dawn on December 10, the Japanese army launched a fierce offensive at the city gates of Nanjing. It was not until about 2 o'clock in the afternoon on the 12th that the Japanese army first broke through the Zhonghua Gate. On the 13th, the Japanese army occupied Nanjing and carried out a bloody massacre of Nanjing for half a year. During the six weeks when the atrocities were most rampant, the Communist Party killed more than 300,000 of our compatriots, raped more than 20,000 women, set fire to one-third of Nanjing, and looted countless cultural relics and property. It is known in history as "Nanjing". Massacre".
⒏The old capital was reborn
On April 23-24, 1949, the Chinese People's Liberation Army occupied Nanjing and established the Nanjing Municipal People's Government.
After 1949, Nanjing was first a municipality directly under the central government.
In 1952, Jiangsu Province was restored, and Nanjing was reduced to a provincial city and remains the capital of Jiangsu Province to this day. In 1990, Nanjing was designated as a city with separate national planning status. In 1994, the provincial capital city was abolished from separate planning status. The Central Institutional Establishment Committee of the State Council determined that the administrative level of Nanjing was sub-provincial.
⒐Building the city
Yuecheng: 472 BC
Jinling: 333 BC
Moling: AD 210 BC
Jianye: 211 AD
Jianye: 282 AD
Jiankang: 313 AD
Jiangzhou : 589 AD
Shengzhou: Tang Dynasty
Jiangning Prefecture: 937 AD
Jiankang Prefecture: 1127 AD
Nanjing (Yingtianfu): 1368 AD
Jiangning Prefecture: 1645 AD
Tianjing: 1853 AD
Nanjing Prefecture: 1912
Nanjing Special City (Capital Special City): 1927 AD
Nanjing City: 1930 AD
Nanjing City (Central Municipality): May 10, 1949 AD
Nanjing City (a city under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province): January 1953
Nanjing City (sub-provincial city): 1995