When we talk about Han Fu, we can't help thinking of Sima Xiangru. But did it exist in the Han Dynasty? Four masters of Han Fu? Say, besides the familiar Sima Xiangru, who are the other three?
Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong, Ban Gu and Zhang Heng, the four masters of Han Fu, are all representative masterpieces handed down from generation to generation, which have a far-reaching influence on the literary world at that time and later generations and are well-known.
Sima Xiangru initiated the style of exhortation and satire in Han Fu, and his representative works Zi Xufu and Shanglin Fu marked the maturity of Han Fu. Yang Xiong's "Ganquan Fu", "Changyang Fu" and "Hunting Feather Fu" are based on Sima Xiangru's Fu, which is the first imitation in the history of literature. Ban Gu's masterpiece "Two Capitals Fu" boasts the power of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhang Heng's "Erjing Fu" is longer and more magnificent than his "DuDu Fu". Extremely long orbit? .
Sima Xiangru
Sima Xiangru (about 179 BC? 1 18), he was a great poet in the western Han dynasty. The word Changqing, born in Chengdu, Shu County, whose real name is Sima Changqing, was renamed Xiangru because of his reverence for Lin Xiangru during the Warring States Period. Not very good at reading and fencing, he used to be a frequent visitor to Jingdi's martial arts. Because Jingdi was not good at resigning, he resigned and swam under Liang Huiwang. After returning to Shu, she eloped with Zhuo Wenjun, a talented woman, leaving a beautiful story. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty read Sima Xiangru's Zi Xu Fu, which was greatly appreciated and called him into the palace. Sima Xiangru therefore became a court lyric poet. In his later years, he worked as a gardener, and later he was exempted from official residence in Maoling. He died of illness five years before and after Yuan Shou.
Fu style flourished in Han Dynasty, and a number of writers who were good at writing Fu emerged, among which Sima Xiangru was the most representative. In addition to Zi Xufu, Sima Xiangru also wrote Shanglin Fu, Beauty Fu and Changmen Fu. Among them, Zixu Fu and Shanglin Fu are similar in content. With Zixu and Mr. Wu competing to boast about their own stories as the basic framework, they do their best to describe, exaggerate, imagine and compare, with magnificent momentum, accumulated allusions and gorgeous words, which fully embodies the characteristics of Santi Fu, establishes the system of Santi Fu and occupies an important position in the history of China literature. Sao Style Fu, represented by Changmen Fu, has a great influence on China's palace resentment literature. Because of its literary influence, Sima Xiangru is regarded as an important writer on par with Sima Qian. Lu Xun said in the Outline of China Literature History:? When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a scholar, he sealed Sima Xiangru and Sima Qian of Wen Ruo. ?
Hanshu? Twenty-nine pieces of Fu were recorded in the Records of Literature and Art, and other ancient books also quoted some sentences and titles similar to these two pieces of Fu. There are many poems, only six of which are Zi Xufu, Shang, Ren Da Fu, Changmen Fu, Beauty Fu and Ai, among which the authors of Changmen Fu and Beauty Fu are still controversial. Later generations compiled Sima Wenyuan's Collection.
Portrait of Yang Xiong
Yang Xiong (top 53? 18), a representative writer of Han Fu, was named Sima Xiangru? Pony? . Zi Ziyun was born in Chengdu (now Pixian County, Sichuan Province), a Shu county in the Western Han Dynasty. When Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, he was forced to join the cabinet, attempted suicide and died of depression.
When Yang Xiong was young, he stuttered, was not good at talking, was silent and thoughtful. His family is poor, studious, well-read and does not envy wealth. Yang Xiong loved Ci Fu in his early years, especially Sima Xiangru, a fellow writer. He copied Ganquan Fu, Hunting Feather Fu and other works. In his forties, Yang Xiong was recommended as the literary attendant of Emperor Han Cheng. During this period, he wrote a series of poems describing the sacrifice and hunting of Emperor Han Cheng. Yang Xiong's ci was quite famous at that time, but later he thought it was? The boy carved the insect seal? ,? Why not be a strong man? I didn't write Fu, but buried myself in academic works that people couldn't understand at that time, in order to carry on the family line. Yang Xiong wrote Xuan Jing by imitating the Book of Changes and expounded his philosophical thoughts. He imitated the Analects of Confucius to write Fa Yan, and advocated that literature should be based on classics and saints and take Confucian works as models. Dialect, another linguistic work, is an important material for studying the language of the Western Han Dynasty. Due to the important influence of Yang Xiong, Sanamethyst is called Laozi, Zhuangzi, Gouzi and Wenzhong. Wuzi? .
The original collection has been lost, and Yang Ziji was compiled in the Ming Dynasty. The Taixuan Classic includes the Taixuan Classic Annotation by Sima Guang in the Northern Song Dynasty, Taixuan Classic Annotation by the orthodox Taoist collection and Taixuan Benzhi in the Ming Dynasty. Fayan includes Gui Li's Fayan Annotation in Jin Dynasty and Yang Zi's Fayan Annotation by Sima Guang in Northern Song Dynasty.
Portrait of ban gu
Ban Gu (32? 92), a famous historian and writer in the early years of Eastern Han Dynasty. Word Meng Jian, Fufeng Anling (now northwest of Xianyang, Shaanxi) people. Born into a bureaucratic family, his father Ban Biao was a famous historian in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the fourth year of Yongyuan (92), he was imprisoned for the Dou Xian incident and died in prison in the same year.
Ban Gu grew up smart and wise. At the age of nine, he was able to write articles, read poems and write poems. Han Shu is the earliest biographical dynastic history of China in ancient times, which was specially written for Fu writers such as, and so on. Besides historians, Ban Gu was also an important fu writer and critic in Han Dynasty. His poems today include two books, friends and friends, bamboo fans and so on. The theory of Fu is mainly embodied in Preface to Two Fu and Biography of Fu Family in Hanshu.
When Ban Gu was appreciated by Emperor Han Ming to enter the DPRK to repair the history, Luoyang was building a palace to repair the city god, but the elders in Guanzhong still hoped that the court would look west and build Chang 'an as the capital. Ban Gu did not agree with this, so he went to the "two capitals". Sheng said the beauty of Luoyi system to break the theory of Xibin luxury. ? ("once"? Biography of Ban Gu) This poem ranks first in Xiao Tong's literary selections, and it is a pioneering work? Kyoto Dafu? Integration has a great influence on later generations.
4 1 articles written by Ban Gu, such as poems, words, topics, ode, books, essays, notes, arguments and discussions, have been published in the world. Sui Shu? Annals of Classics is the author of Benji Valley (17), which has been lost. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Pu compiled The Story of Banlantai, which has been handed down to this day.
Portrait of Zhang Heng (1955 commemorative stamp issued by China People's Post)
Zhang Heng (78? 139) was a great scientist and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Ping Zi was born in Xi 'e County, Nanyang County (now Shibanqiao Town, Nanyang County, Henan Province). Born into an official family, his father died young and his grandfather was the prefect of Shu County. Yonghe four years (139), from overwork.
As a master of arts and sciences, Zhang Heng, a famous scientist, is also an important writer. His works are original and unique, especially in poetry and fu.
/kloc-At the age of 0/7, Zhang Heng left his hometown, traveled abroad, visited teachers to study, and arrived in Chang 'an, the ancient capital of the Western Han Dynasty with prosperous economy and developed culture at that time. Later, he lived in Luoyang, the capital, for five or six years. The scenic spots along the way, as well as visiting imperial academy and making friends with literati, greatly enriched his experience and broadened his horizons, which laid the foundation for the later creation of Erjing Fu. In the first year of Yongchu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (107), 29-year-old Zhang Heng? Think about the World Expo in ten years? Tokyo Fu and Xijing Fu are collectively called Erjing Fu. On the basis of imitating Ban Gu's Erdu Fu, Er Du Fu injected fresh contents, especially satirized the extravagant desires of feudal rulers, and warned the rulers not to be overjoyed and bear grudges against the people, remember? Water can carry a boat and overturn it? . In addition, Zhang Heng's little fu is lyrical, which breaks the old description of Han Fu and transforms Han Fu from verbose words into short chapters to express the soul, laying the foundation for the emergence of a large number of lyrical little fu in Wei and Jin Dynasties.