A Farewell Poem from the Sui Dynasty and its notes
Translation
The willows are green and the branches and leaves hang down to the ground. Yang Hua is long, flying in the air in confusion.
when seeing you off, all the wickers in your eyes are broken, and the flowers are flying. When will the traveler come back? Appreciating
This poem "Farewell" from the Sui Dynasty, its author has been unable to verify, but the reluctant mood expressed by willow in the poem has been passed down to this day. It is said that the custom of folding willows to bid farewell began in the Han Dynasty. The ancients gave willows with two meanings: first, willows grow fast, and it means that no matter where they drift, they can flourish, while delicate willows symbolize affection; Second, willow and "stay" are homophonic, and folding willow means "stay". Today, we can see from the poems that "Liu" is used to express parting feelings, which is earlier than this "custom".
When will those who have traveled far away come back?
Note: The ancients often fold Yang Liuzhi watches to bid farewell
There is also a saying that at this time, the seeming farewell poems actually express the curse of the demise of the Sui Dynasty because Emperor Yangdi's surname is Yang.
This is another explanation: appreciation
Cui Qiong said that this poem was written at the end of the great cause of Emperor Yangdi (65-617). One, two, and four sentences "hang", "fly", and "return" balance the sound and rhyme, which completely meets the requirements of the seven-character quatrains, and is a very mature seven-character quatrains. Hu Yinglin, a Ming Dynasty poet, said in Volume 6: "Yuzishan's three poems" Hurting the Past from Generation to Generation "are almost out of tune, but the tune is not harmonious, and the language is not smooth. However, at the end of Sui Dynasty, the anonymous name' Yangliuqingqing ...', at this point, the seven-character quatrains are melodious, and the first words are harmonious, and their language is also very Tang flavor. You Cheng is the ancestor of' grasses return again green in the spring, but O my Prince of Friends, do you?'. " The title is "Farewell", and the whole poem is sad and touching by the images of wicker and Yang Hua. Willows are swaying and full of lingering attachment. Therefore, as early as in the Book of Songs, willows have been associated with farewell: "I used to be gone, willows are reluctant" in Xiaoya Caiwei, which has been passed down from generation to generation and is well-known. "Liu" is also homophonic with "Liu", so it has become a custom since the Han Dynasty to fold the willow as a farewell to retain the meaning. In the form of singing, the "Folding the Willow Songs" in Yuefu folk songs in the Northern Dynasties "did not catch the whip when getting on the horse, but folded Yang Liuzhi instead. Playing the flute on the couch, worrying about killing travelers "is already full of emotion." In the Southern Dynasties, Jian Wendi Liang, Emperor Yuan Liang, Liu Miao and others' Poems of Folding Willow also have their own characteristics. However, before the Tang Dynasty, the farewell poem of Liu was the most perfect one written by Anonymous at the end of Sui Dynasty.
The first sentence of the first couplet is written with wicker and the next sentence is written with poplar flowers (catkins), which reads smoothly and naturally, like a match made in heaven, with little trace of artificial carving. However, after a little analysis, it is found that the part of speech, tone, image and emotion are all right, which is really an unusually beautiful antithetical sentence. It seems that the author has learned how to adjust the level tone. The reason why "wicker", "willow branch" and "willow silk" are not used at the beginning of the previous sentence is because the second word should be the level tone. Use "willow" instead. "Willow" is a muffled sound, but it fails to express "wicker". Followed by "green landing", there are thousands of articles, which are displayed in front of readers. "Touching the ground", the length of the wicker, leads the reader's line of sight from the treetops to the ground. "Hanging down" means static, so as to see the wind and warm days. "Qingqing" means not only writing willow colors, but also taking time. The willow color changes from goose yellow to light green and "green", then time goes by, and now it is late spring.
In the previous sentence, the willow droops in the shape of "green landing", and in the next sentence, the willow flies in the shape of "stirring the sky for a long time". Yang Hua is very light. If the wind is strong, it will fly in one direction. If the wind is weak, there will be no one to help, up and down, floating around. What is written here is the scene when the sun is warm and warm. "Long", write Yang Hua floating, boundless; "Stir the sky", write what you see when you look up. If the sky is disturbed, it goes without saying that there are many flowers. From this, we can know that the "green" willow is not three or five plants, but a road along the river, a pavilion and a bridge, which can be seen everywhere. So, look at it in one sentence: from top to bottom, what you see is nothing more than willow green landing; From the bottom up, what you see is nothing more than a long day. And parting from sorrow also pervades the whole space.
The third sentence, following the first two sentences, has a surprising and thrilling turn: "The wicker is broken and the flowers are flying!" No matter how many flowers there are, they will eventually "fly away", which is a natural law. And ten thousand willows, even if they are folded every day, how can they be "folded"? The combination of the two is nothing more than showing the pain of parting and cherishing others through the passage of time. In connection with the fourth sentence, infinite scenes can be flashed in front of readers in imagination. A husband does not shed tears, nor does he spill parting rooms. Cui E sent Linqi with her hand and rolled Zhu Hu. Farewell, injury, confusion. Forgot to leave, the wine is deep and shallow. Seeing you off and not seeing each other, I am sad at sunset. Huiyan Peak road ahead, the smoke trees are green. Toward a mist upon the water, still I wave my hand and sob. Love, no matter how long you leave. Love always comes when we meet. Those who are ecstatic, just don't! The mountain road twists and turns has not seen you, only to leave a row of horseshoe marks. At the injury site, the high city looked broken and the lights were dusk. Green locust smoke willow pavilion road, hate to leave in a hurry. How to express the mind in the snow and ice, only give you green pine and cypress branches! Time was long before I met her, but is longer since we parted, and the east wind has arisen and a hundred flowers are gone. Flag pavilion on the river, seeing you off or meeting you. A green tree is sad, and it has been separated from hatred by several people.