Long and short fresh shepherd's purse is harvested on both sides of the river. A kind and beautiful girl who wants to pursue day and night.
If the pursuit fails, my heart hangs day and night. It's a long night, trouble sleeping.
Long and short fresh shepherd's purse, picked with both hands. Kind and beautiful girl, playing the piano and harp to show her love.
Long and short fresh shepherd's purse, carefully selected on both sides A kind and beautiful girl, the bell brought her a smile.
Guan Guan Luo Gui, in Hezhou. My My Fair Lady ②, My Gentleman ③. (chapter 1) ragged shepherd's purse ④, left and right ⑤. A beautiful and virtuous woman wakes up to pursue her. I am happy to have it, and I am tired of it. Leisure, tossing and turning. (Chapter II)
Mix shepherd's purse and choose from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a couple and a couple. The water chestnut is uneven, left and right. My Fair Lady is the music of bells and drums. (Chapter III)
Guan Ju's pigeon comes from (The Book of Songs Nan Zhou Guan Ju).
[Note: (1) Guan Guan, likes to sound words, borrow words, and the chirping of pigeons. (2) pheasant dove, Mao Chuan: "pheasant dove, Wang pheasant also." "Two ya? Bird release: "pheasant dove, Yan Wang (pheasant = pheasant). Guo Pu's note: "Carving, now called the Osprey in the east of the Yangtze River, is good for eating fish on the banks of the Zhujiangshan River. "Bird Classic": "Wang pheasant, pheasant dove, osprey also. Modern Chinese Dictionary: stork, bird name, brown back, white head, neck and abdomen. Strong sexual desire. They often nest on trees or rocks, fly on water and eat fish. Known as the Osprey. " (3) continent, land in water, small continent, also known as "Zhu". In Hezhou, it means "on the sand island in the river". "(4) Gentle and graceful, quiet and delicate, refers to the quiet and beautiful style of women, and is also used to describe the deep and elegant or beautiful scenery of men. Such as "Peacock flies southeast": "The cloud has the third lang, chinese odyssey." Tao Yuanming's farewell speech: "Looking for the valley is not only a graceful road, but also a rugged road across the mountain. "(5) A lady refers to a gentle and demure woman. (6) Autumn, which means harmony and gathering, refers to the spouse here. Such as "poetry? Daya？ People's Labor: "People can rest without labor, which is beneficial to China and the people who think." Mao Chuan said, "Don't worry, I will. Hey hey. " Zheng Xuan wrote: "Stop, stop. Let's get together. "(7) uneven, uneven length. (8) Water shepherd's purse, an aquatic plant, namely "Water shepherd's purse". The holes are sparse: "white stems, purple leaves, round, more than an inch in diameter, floating on the water." "(9) flow to flow, look in all directions. Flow, turn your eyes to see, is the spoken word "Xu Wei", which is still said in Shandong dialect, such as "I took a look at her and she was very handsome. "(10) Sleep when you wake up, and sleep when you fall asleep. I'd love to, which means I'm pursuing her whether I'm awake or asleep. (1 1) I think of clothes and miss them again and again. Take, answer, and be clever again and again, such as "Seven Laws of Pipe": "Get used to it, but get used to it is invincible. "Learning means reviewing. (12) carefree, expressing concern. Old, leisurely, sad. (13) Friends of Bunny, Bunny, two ensemble instruments, are often used to describe the harmony between husband and wife. Like The Book of Songs? Xiaoya? Chang Di: "A good wife is like a harp. "Friend, a verb, means to be friendly to it; , with (10) note. (14), with the same meaning. (15) Bells and drums are music. Bells and drums are ancient musical instruments used to attack grand celebrations. This is an exaggeration, which means playing for them like a celebration. Happiness, happiness as a verb; It is a pronoun. Usage as above. ]
Interpretation: This poem is an ancient folk song, a love song sung by a passer-by when he saw a woman picking a lottery ticket in the water. In fact, it is as common for our ancestors, the ancient Chinese, to sing love songs as it is for ethnic minorities in Southwest China. In other words, the ethnic minorities in Southwest China still retain the ancient customs of our ancestors. Only later, with the gradual improvement of feudal ethics and the formation of the concept of giving and receiving without kissing, the ancient custom of singing love songs disappeared in Han society.
Guanju is a poem with simple meaning. Perhaps it is best in music, as Confucius' comment "The Analects of Confucius Taber" said: "The loyalty of the teacher begins, the chaos of the official gathering, and the joy of echo." Chaos is an ensemble at the end of music. It is the second best in meaning. Guan Ju didn't really write, but wrote in vain. Dai Junen said: "This poem only has' My Fair Lady, Gentleman is Good at My Fair Lady', but I turned over what I didn't get and wrote a scene of complaining; Digging out a passage that has been obtained and writing a happy scene is nothing more than describing the word' a gentleman is good at it'. If you recognize the reality, it is a dream in a dream. Niu Yunzhen said: "Tossing and turning, playing the pipa and playing the bell and drum are all imaginary in the air, expressing feelings in the air, and poets think that the facts are lost. "They are very insightful. Poetry describes the love between men and women in a virtual way, that is, the so-called "ideological realm", such as Han Guang, such as the moon rising, such as Zepi, and so on, and Guan Ju is the quietest and gentlest, with a beginning and an end, especially the happy ending. As a music song, send it as ".
However, whether as music or as songs, it is uneven and not monotonous. He said to Sun Yi, "I'm glad to have it, but I'm sleepy and still thinking about it. Leisurely, tossing and turning', these four sentences are the waves in the poem. Without these four sentences, the whole poem is not only flat, but also cadence, with short, sharp and tight syllables. How can it be influenced by orchestral strings? Suddenly, these four sentences are inserted between the four stacks before and after' My Fair Lady', and I feel that the whole article is full of leisurely movements. "Deng Xiang said," With this discount, the literary trend will be unbalanced, and the following "friendship" and "joy" will be more serious. Leisurely leisurely', two sentences are one sentence,' tossing and turning', and four sentences are one sentence. When the spirit is here, the tune will rest here, and the next chapter will continue. " Although "pause" and "front cavity" are people's intentions to guess the ancients in the future, such speculation is not unreasonable. Accordingly, Guan Yu naturally did not belong to oral singing, but was "made" through some thoughtful arrangements. In fact, it can also be said that "three hundred poems" is better than.
"Guan Guan pheasant dove, in Hezhou", Mao Chuan: "Master Xing." But how to prosper is a big problem. If all the expositions on "Xing" in the past dynasties are edited, I'm afraid it will be a masterpiece. How dare you talk about it easily? However, after reading the poem, there is no way to avoid the problem of happiness, so we have to perfunctory a few ordinary words. The so-called "xing" can be said to cause a topic, or it is caused by the scene. The combination of this scene and emotion is mostly the poet's current sentiment, which can be immediate or wishful thinking; The former is a real scene and the latter is a psychological image. But it only causes the topic, and once it enters the topic, it can be put aside, so there is no direct metaphor in "Xing", if there is one, it is "Bi". As for the relationship between scenery and emotion or between things and heart, that is, the scenery is so emotional that it is enlightened. Although this day is direct to the poet, it is subtle if others look at it. In fact, in the poet himself, it is not fleeting and difficult to capture. Times have changed, and it is more difficult for future generations to find a definitive answer. What's more, the creation of "poetry" has a history, and the creation comes first. Many of them first became aphorisms, including sentences with form and meaning, and the author took over at once, combining his own feelings at the moment. The same interest can still have different meanings. But we might as well look at it from what we can perceive. Luo Dajing said: "Du Shaoling's quatrains say:' The mountains and rivers are beautiful in the evening, and the flowers and plants are fragrant in the spring breeze. Mud melts into swallows, sand warms and sleeps mandarin ducks. "Or what's the difference between this and children's genus, I said otherwise. In the first two sentences, there is no business between the two rooms, and in the last two sentences, nothing is uncomfortable. It is not enough to swim here and feel the inner joy. " We might as well look at the prosperity of poetry from this angle. There is no business between the two rooms, and nothing is suitable. This is the simplest and most direct feeling that nature gives people. Therefore, we can take this as a standard to look at people's things: or everything is like this, so people are happy, such as "Peach every day, burning its flowers" ("Nan Zhou Yao Tao"), such as "Yo Yo Luming Literature, the apple in the field" ("Xiaoya Luming Literature"). Or everything is like this, and people are not like this, so they are sad and resentful, such as "the male pheasant flies in the air, venting its feathers" ("The Wind is Fierce"), such as "learning from the valley wind, taking the rain with the shade" ("The wind is the valley wind"), such as "mountain spring water" in the poem, and advocating pure natural scenery is probably not the original intention. In a word, Xing is special because it is so direct to poets, but it is often obscure to others. However, if we understand that the poet regards the sudden change of the four seasons of heaven and earth and the ups and downs of all natural things as the witness and contrast of life, then the meaning of xing is very clear. Although simple, I have a deep understanding of life.
"The music of bells and drums" is the identity language, and the most charming sentence is "Friends of the Harp". Zhu said, "Friends are love." Fu Guangshen said: "Those who care about their friends are friends of brothers and sisters." In this way, the description of "Yan Er is new and faint, like a brother" in Gu Feng is a ready-made annotation of the word "friend". If we read Zheng Feng's "Cockcrow" and "Martin Pool at the East Gate" together, we will know that "friends on the piano and friends on the piano" are not a general term, and a gentleman's "good temperament" is not only a kind of sound, but also an intimate sound. In the Spring and Autumn Period, songs and poems were used as rhetoric. Only that day did we know the elegance of diplomacy, and Guan Ju wrote about a good marriage. Harmonious beauty and prosperous business in daily emotional life are the deepest roots of that elegance. At that time, "poetry" was not a decoration, not an ornament, not just to repair the defects in life, but a real "commodity of life" (Gu Jiegang's words), and "Guan Yu" seemed to be a declaration of the unity of life and art, which appeared vividly in the dawn of literary history.
The reeds by the river are blue, and the dew in late autumn condenses into frost.
The person I miss day and night is on the other side of the river.
Pursuing her against the current is a long and arduous journey.
Look downstream, it seems to be in the middle of the water.
The reeds are lush by the river, and the dew is not dry in the morning.
My ghost is on the other side of the river.
Sailing against the current to pursue her, the road is bumpy and difficult to climb.
Look downstream, it seems to be in the middle of the sandbar.
The reeds by the river are more lush, and the Millennium still lingers in the morning.
The person I'm after is on the other side of the river.
Sailing against the current to pursue her, the road is difficult and circuitous.
Looking downstream, it seems to be a sandbar in the water.
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Writing background
There have always been different opinions about the content of this poem. To sum up, there are three main arguments: one is the theory of "stabbing Xianggong". "Preface to Mao's Poems" says: "Jia Xu, stab Xiang Gong also. If Zhou Li cannot be used, the country cannot be consolidated. " Su, a modern man, explained in The Book of Songs: "The so-called sage on the water side is a metaphor for the ritual system of the Zhou Dynasty. If you run the country against the rites in the Book of Rites, then "the Tao will be long if it is blocked", "the Tao will be broken" and "the Tao will be right", that is, it cannot be done and cannot be cured. If you follow Zhou Zhili, it will be in the water and in the water. " "Water swimming" means that there is hope for governing the country. "The second is" recruiting talents ". Both Yao Jiheng's General Theory of the Book of Songs and Fang Yurun's Primitive Book of Songs are poems that introduce sages. "Yiren" means "sages": "sages live in seclusion on the waterfront, but people want to see them." Or, saying, "You don't follow the path of seeking seclusion, and hermits avoid it." The third is the theory of "love". Today, Lan Juyou, Fan, Gao Ting, Lu Huiwen and others all hold "love songs". For example, Lu Huiwen said: "This is a love song, and the poet is in trouble because the lover he is pursuing is out of reach. It is an implicit metaphor to say that the river is impassable. "
Because the skill of this poem cannot be verified, and the reference to "Iraqis" in the poem is also difficult to win the trust, it is difficult to draw a conclusion on the above three theories. Here, let's take it as a love poem.
Jia Jian belongs to Qin Feng. When Wang Xiaoshi was in Zhou Dynasty, Fei Zi, the ancestor of Qin State, was sealed in Qin Valley (now Tianshui, Gansu). When Wang Ping moved eastward, Qin Xianggong was escorted by troops and got a large fief in the west of Qishan. Later, Qin gradually moved eastward, all in Yong (now Xingping, Shaanxi). The Qin area includes the area from Guanzhong of Shaanxi to southeastern Gansu. Qin Feng * * * ten articles, mostly folk songs in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
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short review
"Acacia was written in ancient times, and there is no such thing as' Jiaxu'."
The so-called acacia, hope but not, see but not; Although you work hard and give everything you want, you will never get it. So the faint feelings are beyond words. I smell string songs, and the string stops and the sound is in my ears; After reading "Jia Jian" today, the article stops here, and the rest of my feelings never leave.
A reed, a reed, a wandering thing, swaying with the wind, stops at its roots, if it floats, if it stops, if it has nothing. Infinite thoughts, wandering in a trance, worrying about the roots. Roots, love also. Acacia is not as good as acacia Exposed to things, disappeared in an instant. Buddha said: Everything has its own way, like a dream. If dew is like electricity, it should be seen this way; Love is a thing, illusory and shapeless. Zhuangzi said: "Happiness comes from the air and steam it into bacteria." . That makes sense. Dew condenses into frost. Earth, air and body fluid are born from the ground, and thin and cold are frost. Beauty is not available, so lovesickness is very beneficial and affectionate. So it is called "not yet" and "not yet". Although you can't get it, you will suffer. Don't ask for it, love never leaves! This lovesickness is the most bitter!
Love is tied to the so-called Iraqi people. However, on the water side, I don't know where it is. Jia Changjiang has a poem: "But which corner of the mountain, how do I know, through all these clouds?" "If a husband is happy, he will ask for something, so he waded through the water though he didn't know where he was. It is called "back to back" and "back to back", which is also up and down. Moreover, the road twists and turns are hard to find, which is really a "up, he looks for green vanity, down, and the grave." But in the end, "but he failed, and in two places, he didn't find the person he was looking for", but the pursuer was a phantom cloud, hidden from the mirror and would not be available.
Acacia is beneficial, just like the shadow in front, within reach, but out of reach. The phrase "everything is in the middle of the water" is as long as the sound of a broken string. Every time I read this, I can't help but rejoice, sigh, complain and cry!
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hierarchy configuration
This poem has three overlapping chapters, and each chapter can be divided into four levels:
The first two sentences show a picture of the autumn river: in the early morning of late autumn, autumn water is dense, reeds are green, dewdrops are bright and crystal clear as frost. This state is slightly sad in emptiness and loneliness, so it plays a good role in rendering the atmosphere and setting off the artistic conception of the persistent pursuit and elusive love expressed in the poem.
Three or four sentences tell the central image of the poem: the lyric hero strolls by the river and stares at the "Iraqi people" on the other side of the river. This "Iraqi" is the one he misses day and night. "Being on the water side" is isolated from the world, which means to pursue difficulties and produce an unattainable realm. Although the lyric hero is eager to see through the autumn water and pursue it persistently, "Iraqis" are full of fog. This is hard to see, so there are helpless emotions and empty and melancholy feelings in the poem.
The following four sentences are two levels of juxtaposition, describing two different scenes on the water side. "Going back to the shore, the road is long, but it's Xiu Yuan" is a description of the dilemma when chasing against the current: endless difficulties and obstacles, endless journey, and inaccessible signposts. "Swim downstream in the middle of the water" is the illusion of tracing downstream: the journey is smooth everywhere, the Iraqis are always there, but in the end they can't get close. There are both upstream and downstream, and the significance of pursuing and persisting can be seen; Either the dilemma is difficult to reach, or the illusion is difficult to approach. After all, it is impossible, and the deeper the feelings of fear. At this point, the situation that Iraqis never dreamed of has been concretely and fully demonstrated.
There are three chapters in the whole poem, and only a few words are changed in each chapter, which not only plays the artistic effect of repeating chapters and sentences, chanting repeatedly, singing three times and sighing three times, but also plays the role of constantly promoting poetry. From "The White Dew is Frost" to "The White Dew is Not Wet" and then to "The White Dew is Not Already", this is the passage of time, symbolizing the long-term gaze and pursuit of the lyric hero; From "on the water side" to "on the water side", then to "on the water side", from "in the middle of the water", to "on the water side" and then to "on the water side", this is a change of location and symbolizes the elusive Iraqi people. From "the road is blocked and long" to "the road is blocked and broken" and then to "the road is blocked and right", it is the repeated rendering of the difficulties in the pursuit process that highlights the indomitable spirit of the lyric hero. Repeating chapter by chapter and advancing layer by layer is a common form of folk songs in The Book of Songs. The poem also skillfully uses words such as "gray" and "sadness" to make the whole text have both sound and emotion.
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Content review
If the "Iraqi" in the poem is regarded as a lover, then this poem shows the melancholy mood of the lyric hero's persistent pursuit of good love. The spirit is precious and the feelings are sincere, but the result is slim and the situation is sad.
But the most valuable and striking thing about this poem is not the pursuit and loss of the lyric hero, but the artistic conception of "being on the water side" created by him, which has universal significance. Good poetry can create artistic conception. Artistic conception is a pattern and a structure, which has the performance of containing all heterogeneous things with similar patterns and structures. The structure of On the Water is: chasing troops-rivers-Iraqis. Because the "Iraqi people" in the poem has no specific reference, and the meaning of the river lies in the barrier, all the pursuits that are difficult to achieve because of being blocked in the world can be isomorphic and resonate here.
From this point of view, we might as well understand the poetry of the novel as a symbol and take On the Water as an artistic paradigm to express all the difficulties in social life. The "Iraqis" here can be talents, friends, lovers, achievements, ideals, prospects, and even blessed land, holy land and heaven; The "river" here can be high mountains and deep valleys, patriarchal clan system and ethics, or any other obstacles that may be encountered in real life. As long as there are pursuits, obstacles and disappointments, it is the world that it reproduces and expresses. In this way, the ancients interpreted it as persuading people to follow the etiquette, accepting talents and caring for others. Today, people regard it as a love poem, and some even regard it as a ritual of ancestor worship by the ancient water god. I'm afraid there is some truth. It seems inappropriate to stick to one family and exclude others, because they are all included in the symbolic meaning of "on the water side"
Naturally, when we are in a situation similar to "on the water side", we should appreciate its keen pursuit, not its pessimistic disappointment.
This poem creates a hazy, fresh and mysterious artistic conception with images such as water, reed, frost and dew. The morning mist covers everything, and the crystal dew has condensed into frost. A shy girl walked slowly. The water image in the poem represents women and embodies the beauty of women, and the thin mist is like a veil covered by a girl. She appeared at the water's edge, and then on the land of water. I can't find it, and my anxious and helpless mood itches like an ant crawling and hurts like a knife cutting. As we often say, "distance produces beauty", this kind of beauty becomes hazy, fuzzy and unclear because of distance. The identities, faces and spatial positions of the protagonist and the Iraqi people are vague, giving people a vague, looming and hazy feeling. Sword armor, white dew, Iraqi people and autumn water are becoming more and more elusive, forming a hazy and elegant watercolor painting. At the beginning of each chapter of the poem, the brushwork of seeing interest in fu is adopted. Through the description and admiration of the real scene in front of me, I drew an ethereal artistic conception that enveloped the whole article. The poet grasps the uniqueness of autumn colors, and repeatedly depicts and renders the empty and sad atmosphere in late autumn, so as to express the poet's disappointment but ardent yearning for his friends. The first two sentences of each chapter are inspired by autumn scenery, which leads to the text. It not only points out the season and time, but also renders the desolate atmosphere, which sets off the melancholy mood of the characters and reaches the artistic situation of blending scenes. The three images of "Jiaxu", "Water" and "Arbitrary" complement each other and blend into one, and the things for fun and the things described constitute a complete artistic world. At the beginning, the scene of reeds growing by the water in autumn is exactly "expressing meaning with images" and has the role of "passion" Because of the reed, and under the reflection of the sky and water, it is bound to present a state of confusion, showing the realm of "hazy love" in the hero's heart from one side. Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "Those who care about the current situation are also self-interested and beneficial to others. Although the scene is divided into heart and object. Scenery gives birth to emotions, emotions give birth to scenery, touch sadness and joy, welcome honor and disgrace, and hide in each other's homes. " The poem "Jin Jia" is to combine the unique scenery in late autumn with the euphemistic and melancholy lovesickness of the characters, thus rendering the atmosphere of the whole poem and creating a confusing and patchy artistic conception. This is exactly the sentence "All scenery and words are sentimental". The rich aesthetic feeling of the poem "Jiaxu" deserves our attention from the perspective of appreciation and creation.