Famous scholars of beach culture include Li, Zheng, Mo,,, and so on. They rose in the remote mountainous area of Zunyi, Guizhou. History calls them "scholars of heaven and man, who are familiar with the past and the present, rich in writings and profound in righteousness, and occupy an extremely important position in the literary world of the Qing Dynasty."
The beach is located in Yumen Township, Xinzhou Town. It is a small mountain village in Fiona Fang, only 10 Li, only 70 Li from the seat of Zunyi Municipal Government. The climate here is warm and suitable for farming. Le 'an River irrigates the whole village, and there is a sandbar about half a mile long in the river called Qinzhou, hence the name of the beach. The fields in the village are fertile, rice and wheat are harvested twice a year, and there are no worries about droughts and floods. Fish and turtles multiply in the river, which is called the land of plenty. The folk customs here are simple, and generations pay attention to farming and reading, which has become the cradle of beach culture.
The New Records of Zunyi, edited by Professor Zhang Qiyun of Zhejiang University, especially marked the "Beach Period" as an important period of Zunyi's 2,000-year historical development, because their academic achievements not only crowned Guizhou, but also made Guizhou a famous cultural area in the late Qing Dynasty, and their works and undertakings had a far-reaching impact on the whole country.
Beach talents come forth in large numbers, each with its own merits, among which Zhengzhen, Mo Youzhi and Li Shuchang are the most prominent.
Zhengzhen (1806- 1864) is Darren Chan, whose real name is Chai Weng. He entered the academy at the age of 9, and dabbled in hundreds of historians' books at the age of 0/3. He read extensively in the thatched cottage of his grandfather Li's library, learned from the past and the present, and became a well-read young man. 17 years old, scholar, eating and painting tribute. Won the appreciation of Cheng Chunhai, a political scholar in Guizhou, and specially gave posthumous title Yin. Really, my career is not going well. He took the exam at the age of 30, but he failed and fought many times. He had to go back to his hometown to write. At the age of 36, at the invitation of Pinghan, the magistrate of Zunyi, he co-authored the Annals of Zunyi with Mo Youzhi. Liang Qichao was once known as "the best annals in the world". 1864, died of oral diseases at the age of 59.
Zhengzhen went to the small county town to study four times in his life and gave lectures in the academy many times. His salary for compiling local chronicles for Zunyi Prefecture was very meager, and he was deeply educated and poor all his life. However, his academic works are brilliant, admirable and touching. There are 35 kinds of his works, such as Zunyi Mansion Records, Boya, Nest Classic, Nest Poetry, Book of Rites, Nest Classic and Talking about Wen Yi Zi. Only published 18 kinds, with 2.5 million words, and won the reputation of "a great scholar in Southwest China".
Mo Youzhi (1811-kloc-0/871). He was born in Dushan, Guizhou, five years younger than Zhengzhen. He came to Zunyi with his father Mo and Zhuo, and made friends with Li and Zheng's children on the beach, especially with them, learning from each other, and finally became a master of the stone catalogue. 17 years old is a scholar and 2 1 year old is a juren. He went to Beijing three times and failed to pass the exam, so he lived in Zunyi. The Annals of Zunyi, co-edited with Zhengzhen, shows his talent. He devoted himself to academic research, collected ancient books and records, and formed his own family in studying the catalogue of epigraphy. 1847 I met Zeng Guofan in the bookstore when I was in Beijing to take the exam. After talking about the paper, I was surprised that there was such a place to study in Guizhou, so I ordered wine and introduced a celebrity. Mo Youzhi became famous in Beijing. 1858, Mo Youzhi was nearly 50 years old, but his fame was little known. Roaming in Wuhan, Huaining, Anhui and other places, he once entered the shogunate of Hu Linyi and Zeng Guofan and was treated with courtesy. Mo Youzhi traveled all over Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hangzhou and Yangzhou, made friends with Shuo Yan, a famous person, and served as a book publisher. He wrote several monographs such as The Story of the Stone, which has high academic value. His calligraphy is as famous as Ji Shao's. 187 1 died on the way to Yangzhou at the age of 6 1.
Mo Youzhi was not an official all his life, but he was famous for his academic works, which made him famous in history. He, together with Zhengzhen, is known as "the great scholar of the West", which has spread among scholars in Wen Yuan and Qing Dynasty.
Li Shuchang (1837- 1898) is a real cousin and one of the three outstanding figures in Shanghai. His career achievements are above those of Zheng and Mo. As far as Zeng Guofan knows, he is a famous prose writer in Qing Dynasty and the first person in Guizhou to introduce western culture to the world. Shu Chang lost his father at the age of 6 and became a student at the age of 2 1. He went north to Shuntian to take the autumn exam, failed twice and was trapped in the capital. He worked as a county magistrate, magistrate, river worker and tax collector, and all of them showed their talents, which was of no great use. Emperor Guangxu went to extremes to carry out diplomatic work. Shu Chang accompanied Guo Songtao to western European countries and visited Germany, France, America, Spain, Italy, Belgium and other countries. He paid close attention to the investigation and wrote a book, Western Magazine, introducing the internal affairs, diplomacy, society and economy of various countries, hoping to learn from it. After two times as ambassador to Japan, he made friends with Japanese celebrities in the ruling and opposition circles with academic articles and was treated with royal courtesy. When he returned home, the Japanese emperor awarded him a first-class medal of the rising sun, and the ruling and opposition parties hosted a banquet to send him off, which is still remembered by the Japanese for many years. In Japan, I collected 26 kinds of China ancient books, carved 200 volumes of "Ancient Italian Series", and bought many books to return to China. Later, he was sent to serve as a soldier in East Sichuan, and Gong Yu was interested in learning and cultivating talents. He sent people to study in England and Germany. Since the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, he has taken the lead in donating money to help pay. When he heard the news of defeat, he fell ill with anxiety and died in his hometown at the age of 6 1.
A secluded mountain village in southwest China can cultivate many talents who can govern the country, and academic articles have been crowned from generation to generation, which makes the people in the Central Plains sit up and take notice. This is by no means an accidental miracle. The talents cultivated by beach culture have a far-reaching influence on Guizhou and even the whole country, which is manifested in the following aspects:
First, academic achievements cover many fields. Zhengzhen and his son, who studied Confucian classics and philology, were unique in the late Qing Dynasty. Mo Youzhi specializes in the catalogue of epigraphy, which is unique in China; Fang Zhixue can be regarded as a teacher in Shanghai, starting with Li Yao's Dayao County Records, including Zheng and Mo's Zunyi Prefecture Records, Mo Xiangzhi's Shangyuan County Records, Jiangning County Records, Libo County Records Draft, Qingpu County Records and Zhao Yi's Mingshan County Records. The development of Sinology and Song Studies in Guizhou is an indelible achievement of beach culture.
Secondly, in terms of writings, the five generations of beach literati wrote 153 immortal works with their rich knowledge and profound foundation, and 80 published works reached120,000 words, involving four parts: classics, history, philosophy and collection. These works account for one-third of Guizhou's works in the Qing Dynasty, "mountains and rivers are full of flowers, and the light of a province". What is particularly difficult is that these works were made in the mountainous areas of Guizhou where wars were frequent at that time. These authors can write imperial masterpieces with great academic value and leave precious cultural heritage in the case of hunger, cold and even displacement, which is rare in private writings.
Thirdly, in education, the beach world attaches great importance to farming and learning, and is keen on running schools and cultivating talents. Since Li Xun, the beach people who are officials abroad have been keen on buying books, enriching their children with rich spiritual food and cultivating several generations of literati. These talents have given lectures in many colleges and universities in Zunyi, Guiyang, eastern Guizhou, southern Guizhou, southwestern Guizhou and northwestern Guizhou, and have also run schools in Shandong, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Sichuan and Tianjin outside the province, so they sent people to study in Britain, France and Japan. It can be said that peaches and plums are all over the world.
Fourth, learn from nature in art, deliberately seek work, and become a master of painting and calligraphy; Although there are limitations of feudal culture in literary creation, such as high spirits, exposing the shortcomings of the times, praising the light, and caring about people's livelihood and national security, a large number of creative achievements can still be regarded as the power to promote historical progress and inspire future writers.
5. Advocating science, facing the world, responding to the trend of the times, sublating Confucian feudal conservative thoughts, striving to understand the world, and paying attention to absorbing western science and culture in order to change other countries. Li Shuchang is the first person in Guizhou to look around the world. His Western Magazine hopes to change customs, enlighten people's wisdom and revitalize the country. The seven measures of "using Western methods at will" suggested to the Qing court are all important opinions for enriching Qiang Bing and saving the country and people.
Six, concerned about local production, focusing on prosperity and enriching the people, really summed up the special techniques of planting mulberry, sericulture, nesting and silk weaving in rural areas, and wrote a book "Cocoon Collection", which was published and circulated throughout the country; His daughter Zheng also personally taught farmers in Daning, Sichuan Province to raise silkworms to get rich. Benevolent people love others, which is another influence of beach culture.
In a word, beach culture is rich in content, numerous in categories and far-reaching. It is not only a wonderful flower of Guizhou culture, but also a treasure house of Chinese culture. Chongqing-Guizhou high-speed railway set up Zunyi station in Xinzhou town.