The three chapters of this poem all start with carts. When people help the cart to move forward, it will only make the dust spread all over the body, and it is impossible to distinguish between heaven and earth. From this, the poet raised the sigh of "nothing to worry about": always thinking about all kinds of troubles in the world will only make him sick and restless. The implication is that there is no need for Lao Si to be anxious and worry about everything, but to talk and be broad-minded and carefree. The literal meaning of the poem is quite clear, but the question is who the singer is and what his worries are. For this text of poetry, readers can make various interpretations, so there has always been a saying that "poetry fails to express itself".
According to Zhu Xi and others, this poem is written by laborers, so the whole poem should be written purely in Fu style, focusing on Chen Qi affairs. But throughout this poem, the first two sentences of each chapter are Xing Style. Zhu Xi's Biography of Poetry reveals that the first two sentences of each chapter are "Xing" style, and it is self-contradictory to understand poetry as a servant's self-singing. Therefore, Yao Jiheng's attack on Zhu's theory can best hit the nail on the head. Yao Jiheng said: "It's ridiculous to look at the three sentences of" nothing to think about and worry about "in the three chapters, but to take" the cart "as the service. And if it is, it is a blessing. Is He Yun happy? " ("The Book of Songs") Yao summarized the theme of this poem as: "This sage hurts troubled times and is full of worries; When I want to be temporary, I am worried that it is very sick and boring. " Fang Yurun's Primitive Book of Songs says: "This poet feels confused, scratching his head, and all kinds of worries are gathered. He knows that his worries are useless, and he pretends to talk with his own words because of his illness, which is also extremely boring." The theory of Yao and Fang can best grasp the essence of this poem. The singer should be a scholar-bureaucrat. Faced with the chaos of the times and the turmoil of the political situation, he is worried and restless. Perhaps his worries are not understood by the rulers, and his advice is not only not adopted, but also brings trouble to himself, thus sending out words of regret and self-resignation, but readers can still feel his heart of worrying about the world and hurting the times. It is reasonable to speculate that it is meaningful for the poet to choose a cart for Bixing. The ancients used Yu to refer to the emperor and the vassal, but it was still coming, so it is reasonable to use carts as a metaphor for serving the country and serving the king. Cheng Junying, a modern man, said: "This poet may have become a laborer's taxi." ("The Book of Songs") This is an inference made by the poet's "cart", which can also be prepared.
another kind of understanding of this poem is from asking too much to penetrating the attached meeting, which is the kind of explanation from Mao Chuan to Zheng Jian and Kong Shu. "Preface to Poetry" summarizes the theme of this poem as: "Dr. Zhou regrets being a villain. When the king was in seclusion, there were many villains, and the sages engaged in it, but they saw the harm and regretted it. " "Jiang" here means to recommend and reward. Zheng Jian explained, "Those who are contemptuous do what the lowlifes do, and gentlemen do it, which is unbearable. It' s a pity to be a doctor, so I regret it. " Kong Shu further analyzed: "There is no cart" Yunyun means that "the gentleman who prospers later has no help to help this villain, so he is worried about himself. If a small person lives in his post, he will do nothing, and what he has done will help him worry, so he will quit future generations. "
as analyzed above, this poem should be a complaint from the scholar-officials because they were worried about the country and were not accepted by the king, but the author of the biography pointed the finger at the so-called "villain" by stealing the beam and replacing the column. It seems that all kinds of troubles and grievances are caused by "villain". In this way, it can also reflect the so-called gentle and sincere poetry teaching. Kong Shu Ceng Yun: "It is clear that the current political situation is vague, and there are many villains in the court, so I stabbed the king." It can be said that a word leaked the secret. Kong Shi had to admit that the poem had the meaning of stabbing the king, but he tried his best to explain that the poet was mainly aimed at the villain, and "stabbing the king" was just a passing remark, and it was intended to be implicit. There is a saying in Xunzi's Outline: "A gentleman should not take a minister carelessly; A married man should not take friends carelessly? Look at people with friends and be suspicious. Being friendly to others is the foundation of virtue. The poem says,' Without a general, the dust is hidden.' Words have nothing to do with villains. "And" Biography of Han Poetry "Volume 7 discusses the issue of" cultivating people ",stating the words of Jane (Zhao Jianzi):" From this point of view, it is also in the tree. The tree of this son is not a man. Therefore, gentlemen choose first and then plant. " Then I quoted the poem "There is no cart, but the dust is invisible" to testify. "Yi Lin Jing Zhi You" also said: "The big land is dusty, and the villain hurts the virtuous." It can be seen that this theory has a long history and is widely spread. Dai Xi raised an objection in the Southern Song Dynasty. He called this poem "not" regretting the villain "in" Continuing Reading Poems at Lu's Family School ",and" the cloud "has no worries", which means nothing to the villain. If you are weak and heavy, you will only hinder yourself with dust, which will not help you. It will not help you to worry and worry. Since the world is in chaos, you can't pull it back, just like a mayfly shaking a tree, it's only self-injury. " Yao Jiheng pointed out in the General Theory of the Book of Songs: "Since the" Little Preface "was mistakenly used as a metaphor, because the big car used the word" general ",it was very pedantic to say that the doctor regretted being a villain." These are all insights that break through the old saying.
this poem is in the form of repeated chapters, which expresses inner feelings in repeated singing. The language is simple and true, and it has a folk song flavor. Therefore, although it is listed in Xiaoya, it is similar to the poem Feng. The three chapters of the whole poem are not monotonous repetition, but show poetic progression and emotional deepening through the change of words. For example, at the beginning of each chapter, the words "dust", "ghost" and "_" are used to gradually show the scene of dusty carts, from lifting dust to obscurity, and finally to covering the sky, the poet's worries are becoming more and more profound. The poet exhorts the world in a negative tone, and at the same time, it is also a kind of self-pity. Behind the broad-mindedness, there is regret and resentment, which is deeper than the positive expression of anger.