At the beginning of the Zhenyuan Dynasty, he studied poetry with Wang Jiancheng in Weizhou and later returned to Hezhou. In the twelfth year of Zhenyuan (796), Meng Jiao went to Hezhou and visited Zhang Ji. In the fourteenth year, Zhang Ji traveled to the north and met Han Yu in Bianzhou through Meng Jiao's introduction. Han Yu was the examiner for Jinshi in Bianzhou, and Zhang Ji was recommended. The following year, he passed the Jinshi in Chang'an. In the first year of Yuanhe (806), Taizhu of Taichang Temple met and learned from each other, which had a positive impact on their respective creations. Zhang Ji had been Taizhu for 10 years. He suffered from eye disease and was almost blind. People in the Ming Dynasty called him "poor and blind Zhang Taizhu". In the eleventh year of Yuanhe, he was transferred to the Imperial Academy as an assistant teacher, and his eye disease began to recover. 15 years later, he moved to Secretary Lang. In the first year of Changqing (821), he was recommended by Han Yu as Doctor of the Imperial Academy, and moved to the Ministry of Water Resources, Wailang, and then to the Host and Guest Doctor. In the second year of Yamato (828), he moved to Guozi Siye. At the end of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Zhang Ji collected more than 400 poems by Zhang Ji, and Qian Gongfu named them "Mu Duo Collection" in 12 volumes. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Tang Zhong mainly collected the manuscripts of the eighth year of Yuanfeng in his family collection, and also edited them from various editions. It was compiled into "Zhang Siye Ji" in 8 volumes and 1 appendix. Wei Jun published it in Zhang Ji
Pingjiang . The "Collected Works of Zhang Wenchang" compiled by Song and Shu editions of Tang Dynasty has been handed down in 4 volumes, including 317 poems. The Collected Poems of Zhang Siye of the Tang Dynasty was printed in 8 volumes during the Jiajing and Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty, and contained more than 450 poems. In 1958, the Shanghai editor of Zhonghua Book Company took it as a base and compiled it into 8 volumes of "Zhang Ji's Poetry Collection" with reference to the existing volumes, including more than 480 poems. According to the "New Book of Tang·Yiwenzhi", Zhang Ji has 2 volumes of "Analects of Confucius".
Edit this section of Zhang Ji’s poetry collection
There are roughly three periods of Zhang Ji’s poetry creation. It is early stage before the age of 40. 40-50 years old is the middle period, and most of his excellent Yuefu songs and songs were written in this period. Late stage is after 50 years old. At this time, life gradually stabilized. In addition to still writing Yuefu songs, he also wrote more modern poetry. He was an active supporter and promoter of the New Yuefu Movement in the mid-Tang Dynasty. Many of his Yuefu poems reflected the social reality at that time and showed his sympathy for the people. His poems are characterized by concise and natural language. He was as famous as Wang Jian at that time and was known as "King Zhang" in the world. The poems extensively and profoundly reflect various social contradictions and sympathize with the people's sufferings, such as "Song under the Sai" and "Wife's Resentment". The other type depicts rural customs and life scenes, such as "Zhang Ji
" "Lotus Picking Song" and "Jiangnan Song". Zhang Ji's Yuefu poems have high artistic achievements. He is good at summarizing the opposites of things and forming strong contrasts in several articles or one article. He is also good at using sketching techniques to depict the images of various characters in a detailed and realistic manner. Most of its genres are new Yuefu "instantaneous famous pieces", and sometimes old titles can be used to create new ideas. The language is popular, simple and subtle, and poetry is often written in spoken language. He also deliberately refined the conclusion to achieve a critical and satirical effect beyond the words. Zhang Ji's Five Rhythms are neither ornamental nor artificial. They are euphemistic and profound in their simplicity and fluency, and have a great influence on the Five Rhythms of the late Tang Dynasty. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House has "Collected Poems of Zhang Ji".
Edit the representative works of this section
1 "Songs sent far away" by Zhang Ji Beautiful women come and go in spring, the river is warm, and there is no one at the head of the river. The Xiangshui is full. Waterfowl roost on the sandy rocks, and the spring days are short on Jiangnan Road. The orchid boat and the osmanthus boat often cross the river, and there is no reason to re-send the pair of golden thorns. 2 "Traveling is Difficult" by Zhang Ji A traveler in eastern Hunan sighs because he has been away from home for ten years without returning home. The poor and weak horses have a hard time walking, and the young servants are hungry and cold and have little strength. Don't you see, the gold on the bedside is all gone, and the strong man has no color. There are no clouds in the dragon's mud, and there cannot be wings rising to the sky. 3 "Conquest of Women's Grievances" Zhang Ji In September, the Xiongnu killed the border generals, and the Han army was completely wiped out on the Liao River. No one from thousands of miles away collects the bones, and the souls are summoned and buried under every city. When a woman relies on her son and husband, she feels comfortable living together in poverty and lowliness. My husband died on the battlefield with his son in his belly, but my body remains like a candle in the day. 4 "Song of White Coat" by Zhang Ji The white cocoon is white and fresh, and will be used as spring clothes to call a young man. The tailor couldn't decide the length, so he held his knife and ruler in front of his aunt. I am afraid that the orchid paste will stain my slender fingers, so I often send people nearby to collect the fallen Er. When the clothes were on and the food was cold, he also whipped the white horse with a jade whip. 5 "Old Songs from the Wild Country" by Zhang Ji The old farmer's family lives in poverty in the mountains and cultivates three or four acres of mountain fields. The seedlings were so sparse and taxed that they could not be eaten, so they were imported into official warehouses and turned into soil. At the end of the year, people are hoeing and plowing in an empty room, and calling their children to climb mountains to harvest acorns. Xijiang Jia Ke has hundreds of dendrobium trees, and the dogs raised in the boat will eat meat. 6 "Sending Clothes Song" by Zhang Ji Zhisu and sewing clothes are hard work alone, and because of the distant situation, the emissary sent him back to recruit people. Officials also send their own clothes, and your concubine takes care of your body. The girl in Gaotang has no servants, so she cannot go to the border town alone. Attentiveness is to see if it is suitable for the husband when he is first born. 7 "Farewell Song" by Zhang Ji There are many opera horses in the mountains of Tainan, and people drink and sing farewell songs on the mountainside. The pedestrians got up and boarded the carriage after being drunk, and the servants at the banquet returned to persuade them. The blue sky covers the long road, and there is no place to stay when traveling far away. May you write your name everywhere, and one day I will know where you are from now on. 8 "City Building Ci" by Zhang Ji. At the city building site, thousands of people gathered together with pestles. The heavy soil is hard and the cone is tried, but the military officer is late with his whip. When I arrived, I was in the deep moraine for a year, wearing only short clothes and being thirsty but without water. If all the strength is exhausted, the pestle cannot be thrown, otherwise everyone will die before the sound of the pestle is exhausted. Every family raises a man to serve as the door, and today he is the king of the city. 9 "Tiger Walking" Zhang Ji The trees in the southern and northern mountains are dark, and tigers circle the forest during the day. Xiang Wan was serving as Taoist food, and all the elk in the mountains were silent. Every year I raise my son in the empty valley, and the male and female go up the mountain without chasing each other. There is a mountain village in the valley near the cave, and the chief goes to the villagers to get the yellow calf. Wuling was young and didn't dare to shoot, so he came to the forest to see where he was. 10 "Farewell Song" by Zhang Ji When the pedestrians are about to go out, when will they step on the road again? Recalling the time when the emperor first accepted Cai, he did not mention that he belonged to the Liaoyang garrison. If I had known earlier that I would have to part ways today, who would be the best choice for Chengjun’s family? A man is born into a life of service, which wasted my youth.
It is better to chase the king and die in battle. Who can live alone in the empty boudoir? 11 "Poem of a Shepherd Boy" by Zhang Ji He herds cattle far away, and around the village there is thick grass and millet. Hungry crows pecked the cow's back in the border area, making me unable to play at the head of the ridge. When entering the grassland, there are many cows walking around, and when the calf is white, it crows in the reeds. On the other side of the embankment, people blowing leaves to greet their companions, and they also blow long whips three or four times. Cows and cattle eat grass and don't touch each other, and officials and officials cut off their horns. 12 "Walk along the sand embankment, present to Xianggong Pei" Zhang Ji Chang'an Avenue has a sand embankment, no dust, no rain, no mud in the morning wind. Three moments later, the jade leak in the palace came down, and the prime minister arrived on horseback guided by Zhu Yi. The high-rise buildings on the roadside are singing and singing, and thousands of cars can't move, so those who can't move have to avoid it. The street officials and other officials were calling each other, but there was only an empty thoroughfare for ten miles. The white hemp edict is transferred to each other, and the new embankment has not yet become the old embankment. 13 "Seeking Immortality" Zhang Ji The Emperor of the Han Dynasty wanted to become a flying fairy and collected herbs from the East China Sea every year. There is no road in Penglai and the sea is boundless. The alchemists died leaning on each other in the boat. Swaggering in the daytime, sweet springs and jade trees are not immortal. Jiuhuang Zhenren finally refused to leave the palace and went to Taiyi Temple. If there is Qi in the Dantian, it condenses with prime flowers, and you can ensure that it rises to the crimson glow. 14 "The Sigh of the Ancient Hairpin" Zhang Ji Zhang Ji
The ancient hairpin fell into a well without color, and was found in the mud hundreds of feet ago. There are ancient rituals in the phoenix's resemblance, but if you want to turn it into jewelry, it doesn't match the time. The female companion said that she didn't know her master, and her sleeves were brushed to bring out the brilliance. The orchid paste has been used up and half broken, and the carvings and inscriptions are of no date. Although it left the bottom of the well and was put into the box, it doesn't need to be the same as when it fell. 15 "Everything" Zhang Ji Travelers say goodbye, one after another. When you go out, you never come back, but you trust the wheel and the horse's hooves. The road is long and we don’t know where to go, but the mountains are high and the sea is vast, so who has to work hard? It’s difficult to send letters when traveling far away, and I look for words of farewell in the sky every day. The floating clouds rise from the sky and the rain falls to the ground. They reunite temporarily and eventually divorce. My son and I are not one and the same, and we will never give up on each other. 16 "Yin of a chaste woman, sent to Master Li Sikong in Dongping" by Zhang Ji. You know that I have a husband, so you give me a pair of pearls. Feeling your lingering feelings, tied in red Luo Ru. The concubine's house has high-rise buildings and gardens, and the beloved man is holding a halberd in the bright light. I know that my heart is like the sun and the moon, and my husband's oath is like life and death. Huanjun Mingzhu sheds tears, wishing she could not meet again when she was not married. 17 "A Banquet for Guests" by Zhang Ji There is no need to pay attention to gold and wine when guests are invited. If the host has wine, don't violate it. Please take a look at the flowers in the garden. They are becoming more and more numerous on the ground and sparse on the branches. There are no rocks in the shadows of the trees on the top of the mountain, and the stream should be even greener if there is no wind. When everyone is drunk and dancing together, no one can think of turning over their clothes or throwing down their bows. In the Ming Dynasty, all the flowers have gone and everyone has gone, leaving only empty trees here. 18 "Yongjia Xing" Zhang Ji Huangtou Xianbei entered Luoyang, and Hu'er held a halberd and ascended to the Mingtang. The emperor of the Jin family surrendered prisoners, and the ministers ran around like cattle and sheep. The purple flags and flags touched each other secretly, and every family's chickens and dogs came to the house in surprise. A woman goes out to follow the rebels, but she dare not cry when her husband dies. The princes of the Nine Provinces care about their own land, and no one leads the troops to protect their lord. People from the north tend to stay in the south to avoid Hu, but people from the south can still speak the Jin language. 19 "Song of Lotus Picking" Zhang Ji There are many lotus seeds on the bank of Qiujiang River, and the daughter of picking lotus sings the boat song. The Qingfang is round and solid, and all the buildings are in place, and the waves are rising in the microwave. I tried to look for lotus roots under the green stems, but the broken silk threads were prickly and hurt my hands. The waist and sleeves are half rolled up, and the make-up is light and combed without any jade hairpins. Before the boat was full in Qianzhou, I asked which family lived far away. When I return, I wait until the evening tide comes up, playing with lotus and rowing. 20 "Sad Ge Xing (Yuan Hezhong, Yang Ping was demoted to Linhe Wei)" Zhang Ji Huangmen issued an edict to arrest him, and Jingzhao Yin was in charge of the Censor's Office. When I go out, there are no more songs to follow, and when relatives meet, I can't say a word. He resigned and was relegated to Nanhai Prefecture, and was ordered not to stay for even a moment. Wearing a green shirt and riding a bad horse, there is no sender outside the middle gate. Postmen often fall under the hooves of horses when they are alerted by officials who are rushing to drive them away. In the large house in the middle of Chang'an, the twelve halberds have been removed from the red door. The high hall dances with pavilions and orchestral music, and the beauties look into the southwest sky. 21 "Autumn Thoughts" Zhang Ji Seeing the autumn wind in Luoyang city, I want to write a book full of ideas. I'm afraid that I can't say it all in a hurry, and the travelers are about to open the gate again. Zhang Ji, an old friend of the feudal lord, guarded Yuezhi the year before last, and there was no whole army under the city. The feudal vassals broke the news and were separated from each other in life and death. There is no one to collect the waste account, and the flag is returned to the horse. I want to offer sacrifices to you, but I am crying at this moment. Autumn Thoughts Zhang Ji Seeing the autumn wind in Luoyang City, I want to write a book full of ideas. I'm afraid that I can't say it all in a hurry, and travelers are about to leave and open the gate again. Translated poem: The annual autumn wind blows into the city of Luoyang again, urging me to write a letter home to communicate all my thoughts to my relatives. The messenger was about to leave, so I opened the sealed envelope again, and Zhang Ji
quickly added a few more words, saying that I had endless thoughts, but I was too hasty.
Edit Appreciation Dictionary for this paragraph
Tiger Walking
The trees in the southern and northern mountains are dark, and tigers circle the village during the day. Xiang Wan was serving as Taoist food, and all the elk in the mountains were silent. Every year I raise my son in a deep valley, and the male and female do not chase each other. There is a mountain village in the valley near the cave, and the chief goes to the villagers to get the yellow calf. Wuling was young and didn't dare to shoot, so he came to the forest to see where he was. This is an allegorical poem written in Yuefu style. On the surface, it describes the scene of tigers harming villagers. In fact, it describes the rampant evil forces in society and enlightens people to understand reality. The whole poem has apt metaphors, vivid descriptions and profound implications. The beginning of the poem points out where the tigers live and how boldly they act: "The trees in the southern mountains and the northern mountains are dark, and the tigers circle the village during the day." The tigers usually go in and out of deep and dark mountain forests, but they dare to circle the village in broad daylight to cause trouble. , a metaphor for evil forces relying on power to run rampant. Two sentences start the idea and guide the whole article. Then, the tiger's ferocious, cruel and unscrupulous behavior is described in depth step by step. "Xiang Wan is serving as Taoist food, and all the elk in the mountains are silent." In the evening, a tiger hunts creatures alone on the road.
This enlightening poem reminds people of the Yulin army's "robbery of guests downstairs and drunkenness upstairs", the "palace market" of the eunuchs who bought and sold the goods in name only, and the "government by one's own initiative" of the Fangzhens, who massacred the city and killed people. As well as the extra-tax “gifts” of corrupt officials, aren’t these all taking advantage of the weakness of the imperial court to prey on them? Afraid of the fierce tiger's power, the elk in the mountains did not dare to move at all, which refers to the terror in the society at that time, and the kind-hearted working people had no choice but to live in fear and humiliation. Zhang Ji
"Every year he raises his son in a deep valley, and the male and female do not chase each other" is also a metaphor for human society. It profoundly reveals that the evil forces in society at that time had very deep and broad social connections. Royal relatives and wealthy families used feudal clans and nepotism to form an intricate and deep-rooted ruling group. Officials protected each other, colluded with each other, and each dominated one side and harmed the people. Tigers wreak havoc, and the ones who suffer the most are the mountain villages close to the tiger's den: "There is a mountain village in the valley near the cave, and the head of the village takes the yellow calf from the villagers." "Yellow calf" refers to the small yellow calf. Cattle are an important means of production for farmers. How can the people be embarrassed if their calves are taken away? On the surface, these two sentences are about the tiger extending its claws to the nearby villa and killing and eating the farm's young cattle. In fact, it is about the "tiger" among people using cruel methods of "killing chickens to get eggs" and "exhausting the lake for fishing". , causing the people to live in dire straits. The description of the harm caused by the "tiger" has been vividly described so far, and the final strokes turn to the person who "shoots the tiger": "Wuling was young and dared not shoot, so he came to the forest to see his tracks." Wuling is the name of a place in the northwest of Chang'an, because of the five names of the Han Dynasty. The emperor's tomb is named after this. Wuling young person generally refers to a heroic young man. These two sentences literally mean that these tigers do a lot of evil, and even those who claim to be good at riding and shooting, and who claim to be heroic, do not dare to mess with them. They just come to the forest to see their whereabouts. In fact, it is a mockery of the imperial court's appeasement of traitors, bluffing and posturing in order to deceive others. "Empty to see whereabouts" contains a bitter sarcasm. The poet was filled with resentment and could not express it directly, so he expressed it in a low-key way. The worries about national affairs were implicitly contained in it. Tigers are written about everywhere in the poem, and each sentence is a metaphor for people and events; writing "tiger" can match the characteristics of tigers, and the metaphor can see the meaning of the matter.
The Song of a Chaste Woman
You know that I have a husband, so you give me a pair of pearls. Feeling your affection, I tie them in a red lining. The concubine's house has high-rise buildings and gardens, and the beloved man is holding a halberd in the bright light. I know that my heart is like the sun and the moon, and my husband's oath is like life and death. Huanjun Mingzhu sheds tears, wishing she could not meet again when she was not married. The caption of this poem reads: "To Master Li Sikong in Dongping". Li Shidao was the military governor of Pinglu and Ziqing, one of the vassal towns at that time. He was also given the title of Sikong of the School Inspector and Ping Zhangshi of Tongzhongshu Menxia, ??and he was very popular. Since the mid-Tang Dynasty, feudal vassal towns have been separated, and various means have been used to collude and win over literati and central officials. Some dissatisfied scholars and officials also tended to rely on them. Han Yu once wrote a "Preface to Dong Shaonan" to tactfully dissuade them. Zhang Ji is the eldest disciple of the Han sect. His stance of advocating for unification and opposing the division of vassal towns is just like that of his teacher. This poem is a masterpiece written to resist Li Shidao's temptation. Use Bixing techniques throughout the article to express your attitude tactfully. On the surface, it is completely a poem expressing love affairs between men and women, but underneath it is a political poem, entitled "The Song of a Chaste Woman", which is used to clarify one's ambitions. This poem seems to be derived from Han Yuefu's "Mo Shang Sang" and "Yu Lin Lang", but it is more euphemistic and implicit than the previous ones. The first two sentences say that this person knows very well that I am a married woman, but still shows affection for me. This person is not a man of etiquette and law. There is a hint of reprimand in his tone. The "jun" here refers to Li Shidao in the feudal town, and the "concubine" refers to himself. The cross suddenly comes, directly pointing out Shidao's ulterior motives. The next poem changes and says: Although I know that you do not abide by the etiquette, but I am touched by your affection, I can't help but tie the pearl you gave me to the red robe myself. On the surface, he is a confidant who understands the teacher's ways; if you look deeper, there is something in his words. Then he turned around and talked about the wealth and honor of his family. His beloved was a guard of the Mingguang Palace holding a halberd, and he belonged to the central government. In classical poetry, couples are traditionally used as metaphors for monarchs and ministers. These two sentences mean that they are scholar-bureaucrats in the Tang Dynasty. The two sentences that follow are very conflicting and the ideological struggle is fierce: the first sentence thanks the other party and comforts the other party; the second sentence categorically declares one's ambition, "My husband and I swear to live and die together"! Finally, it ends with affectionate words, shedding tears while returning the pearl, with tactful words but firm will. This poem is full of folk song flavor. Some of its descriptions are shown in the psychological portrayal. They are written so delicately, closely, and emotionally. There are infinite twists and turns in the short length. It is really called "twists and turns". Zhang Ji
"Although you have a 'good intention', I have to refuse." This is what Zhang Ji wanted to express, but it was expressed so euphemistically that Li Shidao had no choice but to read it.
Poems of a Shepherd Boy
The cattle are herded far away, and the grass and millet are thick all around the village. The hungry birds in the border area pecked the cow's back, which made me unable to play with my head. When entering the grassland, there are many cows walking around, and when the calf is white, it crows in the reeds. They blew leaves from across the embankment to greet their companions, and whipped their whips three or four times: "Cattle and cattle eat grass and don't touch each other, and officials cut off their horns!" This political satirical poem in the style of a folk song was written in the tone of a shepherd boy. Because the grass and millet were dense around the village, he was afraid that the cattle would eat the crops, so he put them far away in the valley.
Along the bank of the river, there are beautiful springs and licorice. It is really a good place for grazing; there are many cattle here! The cows graze and drink water freely, and the shepherd boy doesn't want to go to the hillside to play with other cowherd boys for a while; but annoying birds are hovering in the sky. When they are hungry, they always fly to the back of the cow to peck for lice. How can you leave it alone? Cows are aggressive by nature, especially the little white cow let by the shepherd boy was even more naughty. Sometimes it lowered its head to eat grass, sometimes it raised its head and roared. Could this sound be a signal for someone to find tentacles? It's so worrying that I can't leave it for a moment. At this time, a familiar voice suddenly came to the shepherd boy's ears. Someone was rolling reed leaves and whistling. He knew that his companion was keeping the cows on the other side of the embankment, so he also followed suit, rolling up leaves and blowing them in response to each other; while monitoring the cows that were grazing, he shook the whip in his hand a few times. , and said the following two words of warning to the cow. There is an allusion to this statement. It turned out that during the Northern Wei Dynasty, Tuoba Hui served as the governor of Wanzhou. On the way from Xindu to Tangyin, he sent people to cut off the horns of cattle everywhere because they needed the horn grease to lubricate the wheels, which scared the people so that they did not dare to let the cattle out. This brutal story is widely circulated among the people, and everyone knows it among the shepherd boys. "The official's head is cut off," the shepherd boy said casually as he cracked his whip. Of course, to the ignorant cow, these words are no different than "playing the piano", but to the shepherd boy, they think it is an effective intimidation. Why is this so? This is worth pondering deeply. Since the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, vassal towns have been divided and civil war has continued. It is very common for the government to seize and kill private cattle for military needs. Yuan Zhen, a poet at the same time as Zhang Ji, reflected this in "Ancient Titles of Yuefu·Tianjia Ci": "In the past sixty years, soldiers have gathered, and grain carts rolled every month. One day, the officers and soldiers collected sea clothes and drove their carts to eat beef." "Even the meat was eaten up, and the two horns on the head were cut off and boiled with horn fat, so it's no big deal! This was the objective reality at the time. Regarding this reality, Zhang Ji did not make any description in this poem. At the end, he just used the mouth of a cowherd boy to give a slight nod. The meaning of the writing is vague and non-existent, and the people's fear and resistance to the government , it is conceivable. The poem consists of ten lines and is a wonderful picture of cattle herding. The first eight sentences vividly and tortuously describe the environmental background of the ranch, the psychological activities of the shepherd boy and the dynamics of the cows, and are full of interest. However, the theme of the poem is not here; it is not until the last two sentences that we can see the poet's intention. From the first eight sentences to the last two, it is as easy as picking it up at your fingertips, and the writing is very natural; it combines sharp irony with light ridicule, and the intention is so bright and profound! The language of the poem is simple and fresh, as clear as words, showing a kind of exquisite skill of "from work to detail, leaving no trace".
Hide
The Xiang River is tideless and broad in autumn, and the moon sets in the middle of Hunan. Send people hair, send people home, partridges fly among the white apples. Bai Juyi once commented on Zhang Ji's Yuefu poems that "the Yuefu poems of Yuefu are the most outstanding, and they are the most unparalleled in his generation". "Xiangjiang Song", which he wrote during his official tour in Hunan, is a song with shallow and affectionate language, seemingly ordinary but extraordinary. This poem combines new language with ancient style. It is written in a light, light and full of emotional charm. The first sentence of the poem first illuminates the scenery of the Xiangjiang River in autumn. In autumn, there is no wind or waves in the Xiangjiang River. Looking around, the river appears to be open. Two "water" characters appear among the seven characters, which is a common "same word" technique in poetry. The former "Xiangshui" points out the place of farewell, and the latter "Autumn Water" points out that the season is autumn, which makes people feel emotional when leaving. The writing style is light and flexible. To understand it in connection with the farewell situation of the whole poem, the lack of tide in the Qiujiang River reflects the poet's difficulty in calming down; the openness of the Qiujiang River reflects the sadness and depression of the poet's mood. The second sentence, "The moon sets in the middle of Hunan, people send their hair away", specifically explains the time of farewell, which is the dawn when the Jade Rabbit has set and the morning light is fading. The first sentence focuses on space, and the second sentence focuses on time. Moreover, the word "Xiangzhong" at the beginning of the second sentence and "Xiangshui" at the beginning of the first sentence are repeated, which not only intensifies the local color. , also enhances the beauty of the phonological loop. Fluency and naturalness is one of the characteristics of Yuefu poetry, and the use of long and short sentences in sentence structure is an important factor in achieving a fluent and natural artistic effect. The second half of the poem is like this. "Send people away, send people back" follows the second sentence with the rhetorical technique of "thimble". Three characters for "人", two characters for "send" and two characters for "fa" are used in succession to strengthen the poem. The swirling melody of the flowing spring, coupled with the progressive description of the "departure" and "return" gradually and further away, fully exaggerates the mood of farewell. If the first two seven-character sentences are still playing a peaceful and soothing melody, then "sending people away, sending people home" is the sound of variations. The urgent pipes and complicated strings are "sad and not like the forward sound" . The last sentence is about the scene where the person has passed away. "The vast white apples" refers to what is seen on the river, echoing the description of the Autumn River in the opening chapter. The poet's mood of standing by the river and watching the sailing sails is seen in the words; "partridges flying" refers to what he hears by the river, and the vast movement of white apples. Reflecting each other, the partridge's cry of "I can't do it, brother" seems to convey the poet's inner sorrow and loss more deeply. This kind of ending sentence that combines the scene with emotion gives people endless aftertaste. "Exquisite Jiangnan songs, desolate poems about women. The ancient style is invincible, and the new language is known by everyone." (Yao He's "Gift to Zhang Ji") Zhang Ji's poems, especially his excellent Yuefu poems, are all simple and elegant. The simple language is full of flavor, reaching the artistic realm of shallow language and deep emotion, and seeing the extraordinary in the ordinary, so it is sung by people.
Chengdu Song
Zhang Ji The smoke and water are green near the west of Jinjiang River, and the lychees are ripe at the top of Xinyu Mountain.
There are many restaurants beside Wanli Bridge. Who do tourists like to stay at? This is a poem written by Zhang Ji when he visited Chengdu. The poem expresses the poet's yearning for a peaceful life by describing the scenery and people in the suburbs of Chengdu and the bustling city scene. Because this poem is informal, the word "qu" in Yuefu style is used to describe it. Jinjiang River is famous for its clear water and bright brocade. It flows through the southern suburbs of Chengdu, with the countryside to the south of the Yangtze River and the urban area to the north of the Yangtze River. There are merchant ships in the river. The land is both prosperous and beautiful. The first two lines of the poem show the poet's beautiful scenery as he looks westward along the Jinjiang River. At the beginning of the new rain, against the backdrop of green water and misty waves, lychees drooped red on the banks of the mountains and the fields were filled with fragrance. How tempting is that picturesque scenery! These two sentences describe the foreground, the scene is full of emotion and has a profound charm, like beating notes and melodious melody, which touches people's heartstrings. The above describes the scenery of the countryside, and the last two sentences are because the words "bridge" and "restaurant" jump into the eye, which arouse people's imagination of the bustling city. Liu Guangzu's "Wanli Bridge": "To the east of the Zuo Bridge outside the south gate of Luocheng, there is one of the seven-star bridges, called the Changxing Bridge. According to ancient and modern legends, Kongming sent the Wu envoy Zhang Wen on this bridge and said: 'This water reaches Yangzhou Wanli ’, later named after him. It may be said: ‘Fei Yi hired Wu, and Kong Ming sent him here, saying: ‘The road of ten thousand miles begins from here’” ("Zhuge Liang Collection"). This is the origin of the name of the bridge. The water under the bridge flows into the Minjiang River to Yibin, and merges with the Jinsha River to form the Yangtze River. It flows eastward directly to Nanjing. In the Tang Dynasty, merchants came and went with many ships. "There are many restaurants near Wanli Bridge. Who do tourists like to stay at?" In the Tang Dynasty, many guests stayed in restaurants. After reading these two sentences, people are reminded of "Wanli Bridge" and think of merchants from far and near, prosperous commerce, and busy water and land; from "Many Restaurants", they think of tourists coming and going, and business is booming. Finally, he said: Tourist, which restaurant would you choose to stay at more satisfactorily? From the tone of asking people and asking themselves, people are reminded of the warm reception everywhere, the simple and sincere customs of every house, and the unique flavor of each shop, and the good wine that makes people "sniff the horse" alluringly. Restaurants are everywhere, but I don’t know where to stay. Shen Deqian said: "The seven-character quatrains are mainly about words that are close to the feelings and far away, but not revealed; they only focus on the foreground, spoken words, but have overtones, foreign tastes, and make people feel far away." ("Shuo Shi Yu Yu") ) In this poem by Zhang Ji, every sentence contains scenery, and the scenery is sentimental, especially the last two sentences, which are similar to spoken language, but have profound meaning. After reading it, I feel alert and natural. The poet is not only good at capturing the characteristic general scenery, but also good at capturing the most shining moment in his thoughts - "Who do tourists like to stay at?" In this way, he can make the article simple and cultivate the spirit of one sentence; Spirit, the luck of replying to one article. This is where Zhang Ji's "seemingly ordinary and most extraordinary" style lies, and where his poems have the artistic charm of having overtones, foreign flavors, and making people feel far away.
Arrived at the fisherman's house at night
The fisherman's house is at the mouth of the river, and the tide flows into Chaifei. The traveler wants to stay, but the host has not returned yet. The road to Zhushen Village is far away, and there are only a few fishing boats when the moon comes out. I can see the sandy beach in the distance, the spring breeze is stirring the grass clothes. This song "Arrived at the Fisherman's House at Night" is the same as "Staying at the Fisherman's House". Zhang Ji uses pen and ink full of emotion to describe an aspect of fishermen's life that has been rarely touched by predecessors. The subject matter is novel and the artistic conception is full of originality. One evening in spring, the poet traveled to the riverside, and the scenery he saw was desolate and lonely. The poet begins by showing the typical characteristics of fishermen's residences: simple huts, located close to remote river mouths, making it easy to fish out of the river. It was time for the tide to rise, and the river tide invaded Chaimen. The poet peeped outside the firewood gate and found that there was no one in the house. Why is the poet lingering outside the door and looking around? It turned out that he was going to stay at this fisherman's house, but the owner had not returned home yet. "The traveler wants to stay" implies that it is getting late, but "the master has not returned yet" reveals that the master has been fishing on the river for a long time, and his labor is self-evident. At this moment, the poet had no choice but to wander outside the house, wait, and look at the surrounding environment: the bamboo bushes were dark green and deep, the country roads were winding and stretching, and the front village was still far away; the poet looked anxiously at the river, where fishing boats were becoming increasingly rare. The word "far" vaguely expresses the poet's eagerness to stay here. "Moonrise" indicates that night has fallen. "There are few fishing boats" and "The master has not returned yet" echo each other and complement each other. Faced with this desolate and desolate state, the poet's desire for his master's return becomes even more urgent. He kept looking at the river mouth, and saw a small boat approaching the shore in the distance. A fisherman was looking for a beach to moor the boat, and his raincoat was fluttering in the spring breeze. The long-awaited fisherman is probably back! The poet's joy suddenly arose. The last sentence is vivid in image, brisk in tone, high in spirit, and full of charm. It leaves a particularly deep impression on people and embodies the poet's deep affection for the fishermen. The language of this poem is shallow, smooth, lively and rounded. The sentence "The spring breeze moves the grass clothes" is particularly vivid. As Tian Wen, a native of the Qing Dynasty, pointed out when evaluating the characteristics of Zhang Ji's poetry: "Famous quotes and wonderful sentences are often seen side by side, and they are so simple and pure." ("Gu Huantang Collection")
Qiu Si< /p>
Seeing the autumn wind in Yangcheng, I want to write a book full of ideas. I'm afraid that I can't say it all in a hurry, and the travelers are about to open the gate again. The quatrains of the prosperous Tang Dynasty mostly contain emotions and scenes, blending scenes, and have less narrative elements. By the mid-Tang Dynasty, the narrative elements gradually increased, and daily life situations often became the common themes of quatrains. The style also changed from the vigorous and romantic style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The atmosphere turns to realism. Zhang Ji's poem "Autumn Thoughts" is full of emotions and events. It uses an inclusive fragment of daily life - the details of his thoughts and actions when sending letters home, to express very truly and delicately the deep nostalgia of people who visit their hometown for their relatives in their hometown. . The first sentence says that when I live in Luoyang, I see the autumn wind again. A plain narrative, without exaggeration, but with implications. The autumn wind is invisible, it can be heard, touched, and felt, but it seems invisible.
But just as the spring breeze can dye the earth green and bring boundless spring colors, the chilling air contained in the autumn wind can also cause the leaves to fall and the flowers to wither, bringing autumn colors and appearance to nature and the human world. It is invisible but can be seen everywhere. When a wanderer visiting a foreign land sees all this desolate and crumbling scenery, it will inevitably evoke the feeling of loneliness and loneliness in a foreign land, and arouse long-term longing for his hometown and relatives. This plain but rich word "see" gives readers a lot of hints and associations. The second sentence closely follows "seeing the autumn wind", with the word "thinking" written on the front. In the Jin Dynasty, Zhang Han "saw the autumn wind blowing and thought about wild vegetables, water shield soup and seabass clams in Wuzhong. He said: 'Life is so precious that you have to have the right ambition. How can you lead an official for thousands of miles in order to be famous?' So he ordered to drive back" ( "Book of Jin·Biography of Zhang Han"). Zhang's ancestral home was in Wu County, and he was living in Luoyang at this time. The situation was similar to that of Zhang Han. When he "saw the autumn wind" and became homesick, he might have thought of this story of Zhang Han. However, due to various unspecified reasons, he was unable to imitate Zhang Han's "destined return", so he had to write a letter home to convey his feelings of homesickness. This added to the already deep and intense homesickness the feeling of not being able to return, and the thoughts became more complex and varied. "The desire to be a writer is full of meaning." This word "desire" is quite interesting. What it expresses is exactly the poet's thoughts and moods when he laid down the paper and stretched out his pen: thousands of sorrows surged in his heart, and he felt that he had endless words to say and write, but for a while he didn't know where to start. I don’t know how to express it either. The "thousands of meanings" that originally seemed relatively abstract became vivid, palpable and easy to imagine because of the vivid description of the mood that had been delayed due to "the desire to write a book". The third and fourth sentences of Zhang Ji leave aside the specific process and content of the letter, and only cut out one detail when the letter from home is about to be sent out - "I am afraid that I can't finish the story in a hurry, and the traveler opens it before sending it." The poet is not only because of " "It means so much" that I felt unable to write, and I had no time to think about it in detail because I asked a "passer-by" to deliver the letter. The deep and rich affection and the inexpressible contradictions, coupled with the "hurry" of time, actually made this letter contain thousands of words. The letter is almost like "the book has been rushed into ink" (Li Shangyin's "Four Untitled Poems"). When the letter was sealed, it seemed that all was said; but when the messenger was about to go on his way, he suddenly felt that he was in a hurry and was afraid that something important might be missed in the letter, so he hurriedly opened the envelope again. The word "resurrection of fear" depicts the psychology in detail. This action of "unsealing it just before sending it out" is not so much to add a few words that have not been said in a hurry, but to verify my doubts and worries. (The results of the unsealing inspection may prove that this worry is purely neurotic.) And this uncertain "fear" actually prompted the poet to make the decision to "open again" without thinking, which shows that he has a deep understanding of the "meaning" of the letter. I attach great importance to the "Ten Thousand Weights" of family letters and deeply miss my loved ones - there are thousands of words to say, for fear of missing one sentence. If you really think that the poet remembered something and added something, he will turn the vivid details full of poetry and drama into a bland factual record. The reason why this detail is inclusive and thought-provoking is precisely because it is based on the mentality of "doubt" rather than "must". Not all the phenomena in life of "travelers arriving and opening their doors before departure" are typical and worthy of being written into poetry. Only when it is associated with a specific background and a specific psychological state can it show its typical meaning. Therefore, as we can see now, writing the details of "opening and unsealing just before departure" under the circumstances of "seeing the autumn wind", "thousands of meanings", and "fearing that I can't explain it all in a hurry", itself contains Refining and typifying life materials, rather than simply imitating life. Wang Anshi commented on Zhang Ji's poems and said: "It seems ordinary and the most extraordinary, but it is easy but difficult to achieve" ("Poems on Zhang Siye"). This is a comment that deeply understands the essence and joys of Zhang Ji's creation of excellent works. This poem, which is extremely genuine, extremely plain, and as natural as life itself, seems to be a vivid example of Wang Anshi's sophisticated comments.