In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a woman whose three husbands died, and all three men had an affair with her. A monarch died because of her, and this vassal state also perished because of her; His beloved son died tragically because of her, and another country quickly became strong because of her; She was taken away as a trophy by other countries, and the monarchs and ministers of the victorious countries competed to marry her one by one; As a result, three families were killed because of her and two countries became feuds because of her; Because of her, we have the famous Zhou Xia, Xiashui, Xiakou and Jiangxia in history, and because of her, we have our own language? Things? The first appearance and use of this word. Finally, a man, when she was at least 42 years old, abandoned a high official and took her to a foreign land! Pick up some historical materials. A woman's life experience is so complicated and bizarre that it is probably unparalleled in ancient and modern China and abroad. I think it's okay to call her beauty. This woman is The Last Month Of Summer. The Last Month Of Summer appeared seven times in Zuo Zhuan and five times in Historical Records. She was mentioned in The Book of Songs and in Mandarin. About 100 years later, she was a beauty in Yue Nv. This is the real character in the classic. But in history, she has never been included in the beauty list. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang mentioned her in Biography of Women, but as a scholar, Liu Xiang regarded The Last Month Of Summer as a femme fatale and let her in? Hey? In a chapter. Since then, almost all the annotators of Zuozhuan, Guoyu, Shijing and Shiji have extended this statement. In modern times, the widely circulated Biography of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty portrayed her as a woman who was harmful to people. In fact, real history is not like this. Today, apart from studying the history of the Spring and Autumn Period, few people know the real The Last Month Of Summer. The Last Month Of Summer, as people know it, is the The Last Month Of Summer of the Ministry, the s-curve * *, the The Last Month Of Summer within the ethical scope of later generations, a real The Last Month Of Summer, together with that wild era, deeply buried by the dust of history. In my opinion, The Last Month Of Summer and her times are worth studying. This woman, who had a rough life and had a great influence at that time, should have written it for her. Among them, there are too many things that make people feel puzzled and incredible. It is not an exaggeration to call them legends, which requires us to explain and explore from the perspective of history and culturology. What's more, she is the old grandmother of many Xia and Yang people in the world! Let's follow The Last Month Of Summer and walk into the real history together. First, Zheng is the country of parents. Zheng is a country named Ji, whose founding monarch is his younger brother. In the twenty-second year of Zhou Xuanwang (806 BC), he was named Zheng (now hua county, Shaanxi Province) and Zheng Henggong. Thirty-three years later, Wang lost his government, and the Zhou royal family faced extinction. So Zheng Henggong listened to Tai Shigong's advice and stayed away from the disaster. He moved his fellow villagers in Guanzhong area to Xinzheng, Henan Province, and established a new state of Zheng. Two years later, Zheng Henggong was killed by Quan Rong in the battle to protect Zhou Youwang, and his son Zheng Wugong succeeded him. Therefore, the new state of Zheng was actually initiated by. After Guo Zheng moved eastward, Zheng Guo quickly became a new and prosperous vassal state because it was located in the center of the Central Plains, with flat land extending in all directions, which was beneficial to the development of agriculture and industry and commerce, and the corresponding policies were implemented for many years. When Zhuang Gong, the son of Wu Gong, was in power, he once dominated the Central Plains. One hundred and seventy or eighty years after Zheng Jianguo, the time has entered the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. Although Zheng still has some economic strength, his position is not what it used to be. Jin, Chu, Qi and Qin all became powerful, and Zheng began to become a second-class country. This period is also the most frequent period of war in the history of the Spring and Autumn Period. Zheng's boundary starts from Kuangcheng (now Fugou County, Zhoukou, Henan Province) in the east, Yinggu (now Dengfeng, Henan Province) in the west, Yunxian County (now Xiangcheng County, Henan Province) in the south and Yanjin County, Henan Province in the north. Flat and wide, there is no danger to defend. At that time, there was Qin in the west, Jin in the north, Qi in the east and Chu in the south. On geography, it is the place of four wars, and it is the key to strengthen the national war. At that time, Jin and Chu were fighting for strength, and the strength of the two countries was equal. Zheng Yi Jin Qiang, Zheng Yi Chu Qiang. Therefore, fighting for the control of Zheng has become an important task for Jin and Chu. And Zheng, with Jin, Chu came, with Chu, Jin came. During the short period of 12 years from 608 BC to 596 BC, Zheng was conquered by the Jin State five times and by the Chu State seven times, sometimes even within one year. The living conditions of seclusion, defense and being surrounded by foreign powers forced Zheng people to adopt a high degree of flexibility in diplomacy, and the constant war disasters cultivated their tenacious endurance. This may be the reason why Zheng Can lasted for 432 years. The Last Month Of Summer is a historical figure in this period. Secondly, if The Last Month Of Summer's life is a legend, then the legend actually started from her father, or more precisely, from her grandparents. My father is the monarch of Zheng, Zheng Mugong, and his name is Lan. Before he became a monarch, he was called Gongzi Lan. According to the records in Zuo Zhuan and Historical Records, he was twenty-two years old when he became king, and he reigned for twenty-two years. He died in the winter of 606 BC and lived only 44 years old. Regarding the death of Mu Gong, there is a legendary record in Gong Xuan's three years in Zuo Zhuan: Mu Gong was ill and said: If Lan dies, so will I! I'm born this way! ? Cut the orchid and die. In other words, when Mu Gong was seriously ill, a clump of bluegrass raised in the palace was also on the verge of death. Mu Gong said: When bluegrass dies, I will probably die, because I was born because of bluegrass! ? Cut off the dying bluegrass, and Mu Gong really died. Mu Gong's name is Lan. He was born in Yilan and died in Yilan, which is almost a legend. Looking back at its origin, we find that there is another legend behind this legend! This is the birth of Mu Gong. Mu Gong's father and mother, The Last Month Of Summer's grandparents, are Zheng Wengong and Yanwa. Wen Gong has three wives, but Yan Ai is not one of them. Yanwa is a native of Yannan, whose land is about Anyang and Handan West in Yannan, so it is called Yanwa. In Zuo Zhuan, Yan Heng was called Zheng Wengong's concubine, and her position was very low. But her union with Zheng Wengong is legendary. In Zuo Zhuan, it is recorded as follows: At the beginning, Zheng Wen's concubines were named Wei Yan, Dream Angel and Ji Lan. I am a great man, a great man and a great father. Take it as a son, take an orchid as a national fragrance, and people are so flattering. ? Now the public has seen it, Blue Royal. Say: I have no talent, but I am lucky to have a son. I won't believe it. How dare I sign orchids? ? Gong Yu:? No? . The real name is Mu Gong and Ming Lan. That is to say, Yan Heng dreamed that the angel gave her bluegrass and said to her, I am your ancestor Bobo, and I will give you this bluegrass as your son. Because orchids have national fragrance, if you wear them, others will love you as much as they love this orchid. ? Later, when Wen Gong saw Yanwa, he gave her bluegrass and asked her to sleep. Yan Heng said to Wen Gong:? I am lucky to have a child. I'm afraid I can't be relied on in the future. Can you rely on Lan? ? Jin Wengong agreed. Later, Mu Gong was born and named Lan. Judging from this passage, Yan Ai's dream of angels and orchids has just come true. But there are some ambiguities in this passage: first, is there really Lan around Yan Heng after waking up? Second, is Yan Heng wearing orchids because of her dream? Third, if you don't wear orchids, how can you play? Is it so likable? Effect? Perhaps because of these ambiguities, Sima Qian's records in Historical Records are slightly different. After Zheng Ji's dream in Historical Records, he went on to say: Yan Heng told Wen Gong with his dream, and Wen Gong was lucky in it, so he gave it as a symbol. However, I think the records in Zuo Zhuan are vague, but they are true. And that bouquet of orchids, as a token of love and life, should have been cultivated all the time, accompanied by Zheng Mugong's life. The record of Mu Gong's life and death for three years in Zuo Zhuan is close to myth, but Mu Gong's real name is Lan, which is quite puzzling. Actually, what's the key word here? Lan? Taking Lan as the center and studying the historical materials in the pre-Qin period, we will find that behind the legends of Zheng Mugong and Lan Gong, the social and cultural phenomenon existed in that era. This cultural phenomenon is the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is common in the Spring and Autumn Period. Third, the Mid-Autumn Festival on February 14 is Valentine's Day in the west. How many people in China today know that there was a Valentine's Day in ancient China? How many people know that Valentine's Day in China is the oldest and largest Valentine's Day in the world? In ancient China, Valentine's Day was written in classics and decrees. From the historical custom of "Meeting in Mid-Spring", you will see an ancient China that is completely different from what you used to know. Is * * * China, is wild China. The Six Classics are all history. Let's start with the Book of Songs. The Book of Songs is the first collection of music songs in ancient China, which spread in the late Western Zhou Dynasty and has a history of more than 2,500 years. The content of The Book of Songs can be roughly divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode. Among them, "Ode to Ya" is mainly a temple fair music song, which is mostly used for later dynasty meetings, aristocratic Xiang Yan and suburban temple festivals, as well as some allegorical poems, narrative poems and agricultural poems. And this part of the "wind" is the local music songs of the Western Zhou Dynasty, commonly known as the "fifteen-country wind", and its content, as Zhu said in "Biography of Poetry": Mostly because of the ballads in the alley, the so-called duet between men and women, expressing their feelings? . By analyzing these ballads, we will find that they truly reflect the social outlook and social habits at that time. The Last Month Of Summer is a native of Zheng, so we chose two songs of Zheng Feng for analysis. One: "Xi Xi" Xi Xi, the wind blows the girl, uncle Xi Bo Xi, advocating! To that woman! Hey hey hey hey hey hey hey hey hey hey! To a woman! This poem shows us the joyful scene of young men and women singing and laughing in spring and moon. The singer is a girl, and the poem begins with the fallen leaves of flowers and trees. In the song, she sang: Hey, hey, the wind is blowing you, big brother and little brother, let's sing together! I'll go with you! Hey, hey, the wind is blowing you, big brother and little brother, let's sing together! I invite you! Second: Qin Yan (option 1) Qin Yan, Fang Huan, a scholar woman Bing Lan. What do women think? Scholars say both. Watch it? Outside, have fun. Wei and his daughter, Yiqi, teased each other and gave peony. This poem is about Qinshui and Weishui areas in the State of Zheng. Young men and women hold flowers and herbs and give bluegrass or peony to each other with a smile to express their feelings and enjoy themselves in the beautiful scenery of the spring. The contents of these two poems in The Book of Songs are both strange and familiar to us today. As far as strangeness is concerned, the ancient state of Zheng, located in the Central Plains of Henan Province, has always been the main activity area of the Chinese nation. This custom has long since disappeared, which seems incredible today. As far as familiarity is concerned, today's traditional festivals of southern ethnic minorities, such as the song fair, the flower-catching party, the third day of March, are very similar to the contents of these two poems! In fact, this is a custom in the ancient Central Plains. Today, the main activity is the Han nationality. Mid-spring is a grand festival for young men and women every year. One by one, they went out of the house and came to the beautiful river and seaside for a party. Each of them has fragrant grass and flowers in his hand, and they sing and sing together. When you meet your favorite object, you will boldly go forward and send bluegrass and peony. Because the other person has the same admiration, they can go to one side in pairs to fall in love, or even tell each other their hearts. Not only Zheng, but also in historical materials, it can be seen that this custom was extremely common at that time. The only places involved in The Book of Songs are rivers, such as Jiang Shui, Hanshui, Rushui, Qishui, Qinshui, Fenshui and Jishui. There are also some unnamed rivers. It covers an area of thousands of miles in Fiona Fang, east, west, north and south, including not only the whole Central Plains region centered on the Yellow River Basin, but also the southern State of Chu. In addition, the gathering of men and women is not limited to the waterfront. The mulberry forest in the Song Dynasty, the cloud dream of the State of Chu, and beautiful places can all be places for gathering. This is found in all kinds of ancient books? Meeting? 、? The meeting of pu merchants? 、? The meeting of mulberry trees? 、? Sang's meeting? 、? The meeting of clouds and dreams? Wait, because it's in mid-spring, so it keeps calling? Mid-spring meeting. In the lunar calendar, it is the end of February and the beginning of March. It is precisely because of this custom that many contents in the fifteen-country style of The Book of Songs are related to this, such as Guan Ju, Han Guang, Sang Zhong, Qi Ao, Wan Shang and Wei Jia, all of which belong to this nature. What is more noteworthy is that this custom was also affirmed by the Zhou Dynasty in the form of decrees. Local officials in Zhou Li. The media's Cloud: Mid-spring Moon makes men and women meet, so sometimes, runners can't help it. If you do not use the order for no reason, you will be punished. This is really an interesting rule: first, the time is mid-spring moon; Two: in this season, young men and women can meet freely, fall in love freely, and even combine freely; Three: Those who don't obey this rule (I think it refers to the parents of young men and women) will be punished. As for whether to punish money or labor, it is unknown. At this point, we can roughly imagine the scene in mid-spring: in mid-spring, in beautiful places such as mountains and valleys, young men and women meet freely there, singing all kinds of touching songs, clinging to flowers and plants, looking for their own lovers; They love each other, they give each other tokens or naturally combine. This scene was almost carried out at the same time in all feudal countries of the Zhou Dynasty. Think about it today, what a spectacular and warm scene it should be! Even after more than 2500 years, we can still feel the simplicity, romance and wildness of our ancestors! I think it should be the oldest and grandest Valentine's Day in the world! It once really existed in our history. With the migration of social customs, the once popular Mid-Autumn Festival gradually disappeared in the Central Plains and the Han nationality until it was deeply buried by the dust of history. But in the southwest minority areas far away from the Central Plains, it has been stubbornly preserved. It has become the most beautiful cultural landscape every year with the names of March 3rd, Flower Jumping Party, Flower Rushing Street, Spring Moon Song Market, Around Mountain Forest, Mountain Treading Festival and even Opening Festival. But the Han nationality lost. What is lost is hard to come back. Just don't forget that in our history, there is a Valentine's Day. Our ancestors were full of * * * and wildness! And * * * and wildness are the life and vitality of a nation! Think about it, the mid-spring period recorded in ancient books should belong to the period when the remnants of polygamy or group marriage were still preserved in ancient times. Generally speaking, men and women are extremely free in marriage and love, and the concepts of husband and wife ethics and female chastity that we are familiar with are far from being formed at that time. Looking back, let's look at Zheng Feng's "The Art of the Qin", in which: a scholar and a woman are the only ones who are. Speaking of the Mid-Autumn Festival, both men and women wear orchids, not only for wearing, but also for dating. For peony? Become a token of mutual love. There are also legends about grandparents and Wen Qin, and the core word of the story happens to be Lan. By writing here, we can restore our father and son Lan, which is the legend of Zheng Mugong's life and death. In fact, the birth of Zheng Mugong should be related to the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is the product of love under the background of this cultural custom. This was a very common thing at that time, not only for Zheng Mugong, but also for the birth of Chu Lingyin Wen Zi. Even Confucius, who edited poetry books a hundred years later, is the product of this cultural custom. Further, the widely circulated story of King Xiang of Chu dreaming of the Goddess of Wushan should be roughly the same in nature. Goddess, the beauty that King Xiang of Chu met at the Yunmeng meeting. If so, the Mid-Autumn Festival should be postponed until the late Warring States period. In the Han Dynasty, this custom was gradually transformed into Shangsi Festival. In this festival, people worship Gao Yun, ladies and gentlemen, and collect elegant literati. This is the background of Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. And spread to Japan, Shangsi Festival, also known as Daughter's Day, has been passed down to this day. These can be regarded as the aftertaste of the mid-Spring Festival. As for today, we even forgot the last festival, leaving only a formal spring outing. Since there is singing in the Spring Festival in the middle of the year, it will inevitably lead to the next topic? Kevin·Z's voice. 5. The mid-chaotic Spring and Autumn Period, that is, the The Last Month Of Summer era, was an era in which both men and women were very open and free. In particular, this kind of openness and freedom is not obtained by breaking through some constraints. On the contrary, it was an era that had not yet formed the bondage of Cambodia. In other words, at that time, the so-called concepts of husband and wife ethics and female chastity had not yet formed, and they didn't even know what it was! The ancestors revered nature, loved life, and were full of wildness. A song, Zheng Fengshi. Xi's frank, simple and enthusiastic singing still makes people feel deeply, because it is the most primitive and wild singing from the bottom of my heart! Back, I often think that when I was a child, her father and grandmother should have told her the story of Lan. The Last Month Of Summer, who is a little older, should have attended or seen the Spring Festival Gala, right? Has she heard the chorus of young men and women? Zheng Sheng, can she sing? Zheng Wu, can she dance? Unfortunately, I didn't even know. But all these may help us to understand The Last Month Of Summer. Perhaps, the absolutely charming The Last Month Of Summer has something to do with all this, because she is a woman who grew up in such a family background and social customs. Otherwise, we can't understand her life.