This is historic, but you came up with all this yourself.
It is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish. Teachers should teach students scientific learning methods while imparting knowledge. Accurately memorizing the basic knowledge is the first step to learn history well. However, for students who don't have an introduction, the knowledge of history is complicated and there is no way to start. How to make students learn by heart and really improve learning efficiency? Actually, there are many skills. In the long-term teaching practice, the author summarizes several methods. If we study and use them flexibly, we can remember them accurately and mercilessly.
First, the prefix method. Take out the core words (mostly the first word), string them together to rhyme better, and then read them several times.
There were ten emperors in the Qing Dynasty, among which the last nine were Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, Guangxu and Xuan Tong, which can be recorded as "Kang Yong Gan, Jia Daoxian Xian Xian and Tongguangxuan".
Example 2. 1842 The first batch of trading ports in China, namely Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai (from south to north), were recorded as "Guangsha Funing".
Example 3. Tan Sitong, Liu Guangdi, Yang Rui, and Kang, the six gentlemen of the 1898 Movement, were called Tan Liulin and Yang Yangkang.
4. 193 1 * * Agrarian revolutionary line: rely on poor peasants and farm labourers, unite middle peasants, restrict rich peasants, protect small and medium-sized industrialists and businessmen, eliminate the landlord class, and change feudal and semi-feudal land ownership into peasant land ownership. It can be recorded as "relying on poverty to limit wealth and protect small and medium-sized landlords"
Second, homophonic method. The basic method is the same as the "prefix method", except that the core words and their homophones should be carefully selected to make them rhyme, which has certain vivid significance.
Example 1. Eight representatives of the Westernization School in the central and local areas-Yi Xin, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo, Zhang Zhidong, Shen Baozhen, were compiled as "Xin (San Francisco) translation (Li) sitting (Left) in the den (Shen) day".
Example 2. Eight-Nation Alliance invaded eight countries in China-Britain, the United States, Russia, Japan, France, Germany, Italy and Austria (Austria-Hungary), which can be compiled as "Austria-Hungary, if you are hungry (Russia), you will get (Germany) without (America) law, and you will depend on (Italy) Britain and Japan".
The five special economic zones in China-Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Xiamen and Hainan Island-can be classified as "raw (Shenzhen) pigs (Zhuhai) three (Shantou) sea (Xiamen) Hainan Island".
Third, the strange association method. The stranger the association is, the deeper the memory is, which varies from person to person and from thing to thing.
Example 1. Chen Tianhua, a thinker of the democratic revolution, has two works, Sudden Turn Back and Warning Clock. It is recorded that "a man named Chen Tianhua suddenly turned back and rang the warning clock, ringing the bell while turning back."
Example 2. During the warlord regime, the territory controlled by Feng, Cao Kun, Duan and their supporters can be associated with "Cao Kun leans against a Japanese pear tree (Zhili, Jiangsu) and is hungry (Hubei) and quick-drying (Jiangxi), Duan carries a large bowl of noodles (Shandong), and its (Zhejiang) should be beautiful (Britain).
Fourth, the ballad method. In other words, based on the "core figures", after repeated selection and arrangement, it has become a rhyming and rhyming jingle, which is most suitable for remembering the years. Rhyme memorization is a method of compiling memory materials into rhyming and rhythmic songs or formulas, which is convenient for memory.
Example 1. * * In the early days, there were three national congresses-1921July, one big one; July 1922, the second largest; June 1923, Big Three; During the same period, there was one incident by the Kuomintang, 1924 1, 7, 22, 7, 23, 6, 24, and the Kuomintang 1.
Example 2. 1932, Japan supported Puyi as a puppet and established a puppet Manchukuo. Edited into "32,3 Puppet Architecture"
From March 3. 1934 to1October 1936, the Red Army carried out the Long March. Edited into "34, 10 (one thought of zero) 36, 10 (one thought of zero), the red army's long March, over mountains and mountains"
Example 4. The time and content of 1935 Wayaobao meeting and 1937 Luochuan meeting are easily confused. It can be edited as "The Queen of Wazao Luo" and "Wayaobao", and the policy is good; Go to Luochuan and fight against Japan in an all-round way. "
Example 5. Several major events during the Anti-Japanese War, namely 1937 Pingxingguan victory, 1938 Taierzhuang campaign, 1940 Hundred Regiments War, 194 1 Wang Jingwei's establishment of a puppet national government, and the Southern Anhui Incident. It can be compiled as "37, 9 Lin Biao roared, 38, 3 tug-of-war, 40 spring Wang Feicheng, 40 second half hundred regiments battle, 465, 438+0 9 thousand (people) Southern Anhui Incident".
1in June, 950, Mao Zedong proposed at the Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee that the three conditions for the basic improvement of national finance could be formulated as: "completing land reform, adjusting industry and commerce, and saving funds".
Example 7. The fuse of the outbreak of the Cultural Revolution and the symbol of full-scale launch can be compiled into "one fuse, two documents of the two sessions".
Example 8. The main achievements in the Cultural Revolution can be summarized as "Cheng Kun Xiang Qian, Erqi Experiment, Nanjing Yangtze River and Shengli Oilfield". Namely chengdu-kunming railway-Hunan-Guizhou Railway, Shiyan-Erqi, Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge and Shandong Dongying Shengli Oilfield.
Example 9: Some major scientific and technological achievements since the founding of New China:1957-Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, 1964 and1967-the first atomic bomb and the first hydrogen bomb, 1965, the world's first synthetic protein-bovine insulin,1965. Can be compiled as "57 Wuhan, the bridge is connected with natural hazards; 64, 67, shocking two bombs; 1965, bovine insulin; 1970, satellite. "
Example 10. In order to help students master the measures to strengthen centralization in Ming Taizu, the following formula can be provided: "Abolish three provinces, set up three departments, and have six functions and powers as prime ministers. The five armies are in charge of military power, the bachelor of Diange is the consultant, and the eight-legged scholar chooses the handmaiden and sets up the factory guard to kill people. " According to this formula, students can recall the specific content of measures to strengthen centralization in Ming Dynasty with a little association.
Fifth, the parallelism method. Also known as concentrated memory method, it is a method to grasp the key words of historical knowledge and compress complex memory contents into the simplest words or phrases for memory. That is, carefully analyze historical things and extract "core words" with continuity or opposition. This method, as a carrier of memory, gets twice the result with half the effort and has a wide range of applications.
During the Second Opium War (1. 1.858), the powers forced the Qing government to sign the Tianjin Treaty respectively, with five main contents, which can be summarized as "three foreign countries, one compensation and one opening". Indemnity and port opening are the contents of most unequal treaties in modern times. "Three foreigners" refers to foreigners (who can travel, do business and preach in the mainland), foreign ministers (stationed in Beijing) and foreign ships (warships and merchant ships can sail freely in the Yangtze River port).
Example 2. Yuan Shikai's activities of restoring monarchy can be summarized as "changing the right, dissolving and modifying".
One turned positive: 19 13 forced Congress to elect him as the official president. Dissolution: The Kuomintang was dissolved in 19 13, and the National Assembly was dissolved the following year. Three. Amendment: abolish the interim constitution and change the constitution; Change cabinet system into presidential system; Amend the presidential election law (change the election to recommendation and change the limited term to re-election).
The basic content of the New Culture Movement can be summarized as "four propositions and four oppositions".
Example 4. After the Revolution of 1911, the representatives of the ideological trend of "saving the country through industry" can be summarized as "Southern Zhang, Northern Zhou Dynasty", and there are also "Southern Li" (Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao), the pioneers of party building.
5. 1927 * * The significance of the three uprisings can be summarized as "three firsts". The Nanchang Uprising started the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang. The Autumn Harvest Uprising established the first army under the leadership of the Party. The Guangzhou Uprising established the first Soviet government in China.
The great achievements of the first five-year planned economic construction can be summarized as "one bridge, two railways, three public facilities and four factories".
Namely Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge; Baocheng and yingtan-Xiamen Railway; Kangzang, Qinghai-Tibet and Xinzang highways; Angang Seamless Steel Tube Factory, FAW, Shenyang Aircraft Factory, Shenyang Machine Tool Factory.
Example 7. The outstanding scientific and technological achievements in Sui and Tang Dynasties can be condensed into "five ones": a bridge (the oldest stone arch bridge built by Li Chunjian in the world); A classic volume (the world's earliest engraving of the Diamond Sutra); A line (the meridian length first measured by the monks and their party in the Tang Dynasty); A book (Compendium of Tang Materia Medica, the world's first pharmacopoeia); Prescription (Sun Simiao's Qian Jin Fang).
Six, repeated memory method. Reciting method is also called trying to memorize the method, that is, trying to recite the material while reading. If you can't recite it, read the book, recite it after reading it, and then review and consolidate the results after a while. But when you recite, you can't recite every word like poetry, ancient prose, theorems and formulas, and English words. You only need to recite an outline and important historical knowledge. When reciting, reading, thinking and writing at the same time have the best memory effect.
Seven, keyword memory method. Keyword memory is to find out the keywords of the memory material, or summarize a paragraph with some keywords, and then arrange these keywords in a certain order. As long as you remember these keywords and their order, it is easy to recall the whole material. The course of American War of Independence can be remembered by "outbreak, army building, founding, defeat, turning point, victory and peace treaty".
Eight, table memory method. Tabular memory method is a memory method that collects scattered materials and lists all the elements of relevant historical knowledge in tabular form, which is easy to distinguish and contact. Such as the unequal treaties that China was forced to sign in modern times, according to all aspects involved, the following table can be designed:
Nine, comparative memory method. Comparative memory method is a kind of memory method that compares and analyzes different memory materials, especially those that are easily confused, seeks differences in similarities, seeks common ground in differences, and clarifies the differences and connections between materials. This method is usually combined with the list method. Comparison can be horizontal comparison, such as the comparison of bourgeois revolution in Britain, France and the United States; It can also be a vertical comparison, such as the comparison between the death of Qin in the Han Dynasty and the death of Sui in the Tang Dynasty. Through comparison, we can grasp the key points, clarify the context and enhance our memory.
1. Five trading ports opened by treaty of nanking: Guangzhou is better than Fuzhou.
"Ning" refers to Ningbo, "Shang" refers to Shanghai, "Xia" refers to Xiamen, plus Guangzhou and Fuzhou.
2. Ten trading ports opened by Tianjin Treaty: Jiutou Town in South Korea and Danying House in Yantai.
They respectively refer to "Nanjing, Hankou, Jiujiang, Shantou, Zhenjiang, Yantai, Taiwan Province, Danshui, Yingkou and Qiongzhou".
3. Five special economic zones: A pig went to the deep sea three times.
They are Zhuhai, Shantou, Xiamen, Shenzhen and Hainan.
4. Coastal open cities 14: In sunny days, Yanqing County, with Ningbo City in the south, occupies the North Sea.
They are: Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Tianjin, Yantai, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Nantong, Shanghai, Ningbo, Wenzhou,
There are 14 cities in Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Zhanjiang and Beihai.
5. The five kings were sealed and the establishment of Yongan in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom: news from the East, the south wind is 11 degrees north latitude.
The homonym of "Oriental" is "Oriental Yang", which refers to the East King Yang Xiu Qing; The homonym of "news" is "Xiao Xi", which means "Xiao Chaogui is the king of the west";
The homonym of the south wind is "the south wind", which guides Wang Feng Yunshan; The homonym of "north latitude" is "Northern Wei", which refers to Wei Changhui, the king of the North; Eleventh session
The homonym "Stone Wing" refers to the wing king Shi Dakai.
6. The main leader of Nanchang Uprising: Liu Ye cooked porridge to drink.
They are: Liu Bocheng, Ye Ting, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai and He Long.
7. Name and founder of the revolutionary base area: Crocodiles move forward slowly.
Xu Jian established the Hubei, Henan and Anhui revolutionary base areas.
When the enemy attacks, Peng can do whatever he wants (the enemy) and do whatever he wants (a game).
Peng founded the Hunan-Jiangxi revolutionary base area and the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi revolutionary base area.
Xiao Pingyun Wei Baqun, the left and right rivers show magical powers.
Zhang, Zhang, and created the Zuoyoujiang Revolutionary Base.
8. Song Ying Xing's Heavenly Creations: There are stars in the sky.
This sentence, one word is taken from the person's name and one word from the title, has a good memory effect.
9. Remember the area where Russia invaded the northern territory of China: an island in Jiangdong, southeast of Jiangbei Lake in Lingnan.
The Aihui Treaty of 1858 occupied 600,000 square kilometers of territory south of Xing 'an Mountains and north of Heilongjiang, which is outside the northeast of China.
1860 "Beijing Treaty" cut off about 400,000 square kilometers of territory east of the Wusuli River in China, including Sakhalin Island;
The Beijing Treaty of 1860 and the Northwest Border Convention of 1864 occupied the east of Lake Balkhash in China.
440,000 square kilometers to the south.
10. I still remember the place where Westernization School set up Westernization enterprises: "An Jiang Futian" sailed to Hanyang.
Anqing Inner Ordnance Institute, Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration, Fuzhou Shipping Bureau, Tianjin Machinery Bureau;
Shanghai Shipping Merchants, Kaiping Mining Bureau, Shanghai Machine Weaving Factory, Hanyang Iron Works.
Among them, the first four are military industries and the last four are civilian industries.