"Your majesty, Pushkin is still a child, he doesn't understand, just punish him a little. Let him suffer first, and the pen in his hand may be useful to your majesty in the future. " The court poet Gercha interceded for Pushkin.
"Yes, please go easy on me, don't be too strict." Zhukov, another court poet, also said.
"Well, exile Pushkin to the south, and forbid him to go back to Petersburg and Moscow without my permission."
What kind of person is Pushkin who caused the tsar's anger? He is a great man! He laid the foundation of Russian literature and made outstanding achievements in many literary genres, such as lyric poems, narrative poems, poetic dramas, novels, essays and fairy tales, which provided a model for future writers. Therefore, he is called "the ancestor of Russian literature", "the great Russian people's poet" and "the sun of Russian poetry".
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin, 1799, was born in a big noble family. He likes reading since he was a child and often hides in his father's study all night. At the age of eight, he read many world literary masterpieces and began to write his own poems.
1811-1817 years, Pushkin studied in Huangcun Middle School, the most famous middle school in Russia at that time. The teachers there are progressives. They often praise the French Enlightenment thinkers and the French Revolution, which deeply influenced Pushkin. From then on, his thought of loving freedom was formed.
18 17, Pushkin graduated from Huangcun Middle School and worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. During this period, he was closely related to the progress of party member in February of 65438. Under their influence, Pushkin wrote a large number of political lyric poems praising freedom and opposing tyranny, such as Ode to Freedom and To Chaadayev. In these poems, Pushkin criticized the tsar and publicly called on the people to fight for overthrowing tyranny. Pushkin was exiled to southern Russia.
Pushkin lived in the south for four years. The beautiful, harmonious and quiet natural scenery there aroused the poet's feelings of advocating freedom. He wrote many poems praising pure love and wonderful nature, expressing his desire for freedom.
1824, Pushkin clashed with Odessa Governor Vorontsov, and the tsar sent Pushkin to his father's territory for imprisonment. During his two-year imprisonment, Pushkin approached the working people. He often wears farmers' clothes, goes to the market to talk with them, listens to vagrants singing and collects folk songs, proverbs and aphorisms. At the same time, he began to study the history of Russia.
In 1825, he wrote the historical tragedy Boris Godunov, which was based on the real events in Russian history at the end of 16 and the beginning of 17. 1598, the tsar died. He has no son, and his younger brother Wei has been killed. Therefore, the throne was suspended, and the bishop asked the queen to ascend to the throne, but the queen refused. In fact, long before the death of the Tsar, the Queen's younger brother Boris Godunov had mastered political and religious power. So Boris ascended the throne, and his series of policies caused dissatisfaction among the Russian people and domestic turmoil.
At this time, Gregory, a young monk from the Chutov Monastery in Moscow, heard historians say that Godonov had participated in the killing of Terry. He suddenly came up with a bold plan to pretend to be Dimitri and become a Russian czar. So he fled from the monastery to Poland. 1604, Gregory invaded Russia with the assistance of the Polish army. 1605, with the support of the people, Gregory invaded Moscow and became emperor. The theme of the script reflects the conflict between the people and the autocratic czar, and points out that the opposition of the people is the decisive force for regime change.
1825 14 February 14 An inner-party uprising broke out in Russia and was brutally suppressed by the czar. Five uprising leaders were hanged, 100 people were exiled to Siberia, and more than 600 people were implicated. Many of them are friends of Pushkin. 1in the autumn of 826, the new czar Nicholas I recalled Pushkin to Moscow, trying to make his pen serve him.
"What would you do if you were in Petersburg on1825 65438+February 14?" Tsar Nicholas I tested Pushkin.
"I will join the rebels." Pushkin answered without hesitation. "Have you ever thought about this result?"
"Of course, wasn't my friend hanged by your majesty?"
Nikolai knew Pushkin was not so easy to deal with. If he is killed for writing several satirical poems, he will be laughed at for sure. It's best to control him and not let him write. So the tsar pretended to be gentle and said, "Pushkin, do you know why I told you to go back to Moscow?"
"I don't care about this. I had a good time in the country. "
"I also like poetry. I admire your genius. When you write a poem in the future, give it to me first. What do you think? "
Pushkin knew that the czar would personally review his poems, so he said bluntly, "Your Majesty will review my poems and I will deliver them myself."
After Pushkin left the court, he didn't take the Tsar and his conversation to heart. He also wrote political lyrics and political satires, praising party member in February of 65438 and condemning the Tsar.
1830 in may, he got engaged to natalia gonza, the first beauty of OSCO. He went to his father's territory, Polkino, to plan his marriage. Due to the epidemic of plague and traffic jam, he lived in Poljinnuo for three months, during which he wrote a lot of works, including a collection of novels, a long poem and more than 30 lyric poems, and completed his masterpiece, the long poetic novel yevgeni onegin.
It took the poet eight years to write yevgeny onegin. This is an outstanding work, which successfully shaped the image of yevgeny onegin, the first "superfluous man" in Russian literary history.
Onegin is an aristocratic youth with progressive thoughts. He is smart and full of energy, and he really wants to make a difference. Although he hates the hypocritical life of the upper class, he has no goal in life, and idles away his youth and life all day. He refused Daliana's love, but after Daliana married someone else, he turned to her and was rejected. He dueled with his friend for a trifle, killed his friend and regretted it very much afterwards.
The image of onegin in Pushkin's works shows the ideological repression of the progressive aristocratic youth in Russia at that time.
183 1 08 February 18, the poet married Gonchanova. 1In the autumn of 833, he returned to Polkino. There, he wrote the narrative poem The Bronze Knight, the fairy tale The Fisherman and the Goldfish and the novel The Queen of Spades.
Pushkin's last important work is the historical novel The Captain's Daughter. The story goes something like this:
The young aristocrat Greene took his servant Savirich to do military service. He sat in a carriage, got lost in the snowstorm and was taken to a hotel by a stranger. In the hotel, Greene saw the stranger was cold and gave him a rabbit fur coat. This man is pugachev. After arriving in orenburg, Greene was sent to Baishan fortress by the general. There, he fell in love with Captain mironov's daughter Maria. Soon, the rebels in pugachev captured the Baishan fortress and hanged the captain. After pugachev's defeat, Greene's husband was arrested and imprisoned for collaborating with the enemy. Maria saw Tsar yekaterina telling the truth, and Greene's husband was released.
In this novel, Pushkin eulogized and praised pugachev, the leader of the peasant uprising, and shaped him into a hero who is confident, optimistic, amiable, loves freedom and is deeply supported by the people. At the same time, it also condemned the tyranny and cruelty of the tsar, which was very bold at that time.
1On February 8th, 837, Pushkin dueled with the French royalist Dantè s in exile in Russia and was seriously injured. Two days later, Pushkin died at the age of 38. This is a plot carefully planned by Tsar Nicholas I. The tragic death of the poet shocked and resented all Russians and strongly protested to the Tsar.
Although Pushkin died, his spirit inspired more people to resist the tyranny of the czar. He is still respected and loved by the Russian people, as he wrote in a poem:
"My name will remain immortal, as long as there is only one poet in this moonlight world.
My name will spread all over Russia,
The languages of all her nationalities are calling me.
I will be loved by the people and will be remembered by them for a long time.
The beautiful feelings aroused by my poems,
Remember that I praised freedom in this cold age.
And called for tolerance for the fallen. "