Ouyang Xiu
(1) smell the world refers to the poet less and less, more and more poor, but zai? Most of the poets handed down from the world came from the words of the poor in ancient times. Those who have everything but can't give it to the world are happy to put it out of the mountains and rivers, and often find it strange to see insects, fish, vegetation, birds and animals. There is pent-up sorrow and anger, which starts with resentment, sighs by ministers and writes human feelings; The poorer you build, the more you do. However, it is not poetry that can help the poor. The poor will have to work in the future.
(2) To be a friend of Mei, and less to be a collector of Yin, and to be a scholar in fatigue, and to suppress the division, I have been trapped in counties and counties for more than ten years. At the age of 50, I still start writing books, helping others, and suppressing what I have stored, so I can't work hard in my career. His home is in Wanling, and he is used to poetry. As a young man, his words surprised his elders. In the long run, I learned the theory of benevolence and righteousness of the Six Classics. This is an article, simple and pure, only people in the world know it. However, when there is no virtuous fool, the poet must seek holiness; Yu Sheng is also happy to write poems because of his unsuccessful people. So what he did all his life, especially in poetry. It is well known to the world, but it has not been recommended to the above. Yesterday, Wang tasted it and sighed, it hasn't been here for two hundred years! Although I have a deep understanding, I dare not recommend it. Wouldn't it be great if it was used in the imperial court to praise the merits of the Great Song Dynasty and recommend the Qing Palace, while mourning the writers of Shang, Zhou and Zhou? Why does it make him old and frustrated, but it is a poor man's poem, just a sigh of the worm and fish? I like my job, but I don't know how long I have been poor. I am getting old, so I don't hesitate!
(3) Because there are many poems by Yu Sheng, they are not self-purification. His wife's younger brother and son Xie Jingchu was afraid of losing too much, so he took it from Luoyang to Xing Wu and made it into ten volumes. Taste Yu Sheng's poems, but don't exhaust them; I like Xie's ability. I keep it in order.
In the next fifteen years, Yu Sheng died in the capital. Because I was crying, I remembered. Because I asked for it at home, I got more than 1000 manuscripts, of which 677 were collected in the old collection, which was 15. Oh! I'm in Yu Sheng's poem, and I've already elaborated on it, so it's no longer a cloud.
⑤ Ouyang Xiu's Preface to Luling.
1. In the first paragraph, the author puts forward a literary proposition of □□□□□. ( 1)
Paragraph (2) can be divided into three layers, summarizing the general idea of each layer. (3 points)
( 1)
(2)
(3)
3. For those who have quoted Jinshi many times, the correct understanding is () (2 points).
A. Mei has been recommended as a scholar many times and is always suppressed by the examiner.
B. Mei was recommended as a scholar many times, but she was suppressed by the examiner every time.
C. Mei was recommended to be admitted to the Jinshi many times, but she was always suppressed by the examiner.
D. Mei took the Jinshi exam many times, but was suppressed by the examiner every time.
4. From the perspective of verb usage, analyze the author's feelings for Mei in paragraphs ③ and ④. (3 points)
5. Ouyang Xiu's preface to this poem mainly expounds his profound knowledge of literary creation, but also reveals the limitations of the author's ideological understanding. Please point out and comment on this restriction. (4 points)
Interpretation of Preface to the Poems of Mei (Ⅱ) Preface to the Poems of Mei
Ouyang Xiu
Is it true to hear the world say that poets are poor? Most of the poets handed down from the world came from the words of the poor in ancient times. Those who have everything but can't give it to the world are happy to put it out of the mountains and rivers, and often find it strange to see insects, fish, vegetation, birds and animals. There is a kind of pent-up anxiety and excitement, which is aroused by resentment and thorns. It is a widow's sigh, and it is hard to say how to write about human feelings. The poorer you report, the more you work. However, it is not poetry that can help the poor. The poor will have to work in the future.
Give a friend Mei Yu Sheng (1), take Yin Bu (2) as an official, be bored as a scholar, and be restrained as a secretary. Trapped in counties for more than ten years. 50 years old, still writing books and helping others. If you are depressed about what you have, you must not rush to see your career. His home is in Wanling, and he has been used to poetry since he was a child. His words surprised the elders. Since it is long, let's learn from the theory of benevolence and righteousness of the Six Classics. Is an article, simple and pure, not used by the world. The world only knows his poems. However, when there is no virtuous fool, the poet must seek holiness. Yu Sheng is also happy to write poems because of his unsuccessful people. So what he did all his life, especially in poetry. It is well known to the world, but it has not been recommended to the above. Yesterday, Wang tasted it and sighed, "There has been no such thing for two hundred years!" Although I have a deep understanding, I dare not recommend it. If you are lucky enough to be used by the imperial court, it would be great to praise the merits of the Great Song Dynasty and recommend the Qing Palace, while recalling the authors of Shang, Zhou and Zhou Dynasties! How can you write poor poems when you are old and frustrated? It's just a lament from insects and fish. I like my job and I don't know how long it is, but I don't hesitate to get old!
Yu Sheng has many poems, so he didn't organize himself. His wife's brother and son Xie Jingchu are afraid of losing too much. He has brought ten volumes of what he has done since Luo Yang went to Xing Wu. I am addicted to Yu Sheng's poems, but I can't do all this. I like Xie's ability to keep it in order. In the next fifteen years, Yu Sheng died in the capital, and I cried and thought of it. Because I lived in his house, I got more than 1000 manuscripts, of which 677 were collected in the old collection and made 15 volumes. Oh! I'm in Yu Sheng's poem, and I've already elaborated on it, so it's no longer a cloud. (selected from "Four Series")
Note (1) Mei: a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. Young scholars are not the first to be promoted. Renzong was a scholar, endowed with background and served as a petty official. He is not successful in his official career. (2)N-compensation: descendants were awarded the post of Yin because of their predecessors' meritorious service, and elected officials to fill the position as "compensation". At the age of 26, Mei was appointed as Zhailang of the ancestral hall because of her uncle's shadow. ③ Wang: Wang Shu, Prime Minister.
1. One of the incorrect interpretations of additional words in the following sentences is
A.the poorer people work more. Poverty: living in poverty.
B. The sigh of the widow imprisoned by Tao. Stay or stay in a foreign country.
D. I still learn from books and help others. Writing a book: a letter of appointment refers to accepting the employment of a department head.
C. although I have a deep understanding, I dare not recommend it. Recommendation: recommendation.
2. In the following groups of sentences, the group with different meanings and usages of added words is
A.( 1) is well known to the world, but not recommended to the superior. Due to the telegram in his home, he got the manuscripts of more than 1000 articles.
B.① Taste Yu Sheng's poems, but don't suffer from them. I don't know how long I will be poor, but I will be old!
C.① Poor people without poetic ability. (2) and write human feelings.
D. if used in the imperial court. (2) It is an article, simple and pure.
There is a supplement in the following sentence that is inconsistent with the original.
A. (May Yu Sheng) Don't be a teacher. B. (Poet) likes to write poems.
C. (Xie Jingchu) Ten volumes at a time. D. (give it) hide.
4. In the following sentences, the poorer the poem, the more useful it is.
(1) There is a stagnation of anxiety and anger; (2) Let the world hear that poets are few and pitiful; (3) Be friends with Mei, and make up for the officials with less shade.
(4) It is an article, simple and simple; (5) Almost working; The author who pursues business, Zhou and Zhou. Isn't it great?
A.①②③ B.②③④ C.④⑤⑥ D.①②⑤
5. The following summary of the writing intention of this article is incorrect.
A. sympathy and injustice for the tragic life of the deceased friend.
B. praise and admire the poems of deceased friends.
C. Criticism of the society that caused the poet to "be poor with less".
D. put forward the literary proposition of "poverty and backwardness" in poetry creation.
6. The following group of incorrect statements about "poetry is poor and backward" are
A. Ouyang Xiu's "poetry is poor before writing" means that a poet can only write beautiful poems under the tempering of difficult circumstances and in depression.
B. "Da" and "Poverty" in the preface refer to political career. Therefore, the author not only laments the difficulties in Mei's career, but also speaks highly of Mei's poems.
C. Before Ouyang Xiu, Confucius said that "poetry is to blame", Sima Qian said that "writing books with anger", Han Yu said that "injustice is to sound" and "poverty is to think about change" is the development of predecessors' thoughts.
D. The author puts forward the viewpoint that "the poor don't write poems, and those who are close to the poor do it later", which profoundly summarizes the relationship between the life situation of ancient writers and poetry creation.
7. The following sentences explain this article, one of which is incorrect.
A Ouyang Xiu prefaces the poems of the late best friend Mei. The key point is not to comment on Mei's poems, but to express sympathy and injustice for Mei's talent all his life.
B. The Preface to Mei's Poems begins with a discussion, putting forward the argument of "working after poverty", and then choosing to introduce Mei's life, thus arousing the author's feelings. Discuss writing first, then describe it, and turn it into nature.
C. In the second paragraph, both "elders" and "the world" are amazed at Mei's poetic talent. These are not idle writing, which affirms the high achievements of Mei's poetry.
D. The author shows pity for talents and designs Mei as a "royal poet". Although he has a deep sense of injustice towards his friends, it shows the limitations of his thoughts to some extent.
8. Translate underlined sentences in classical Chinese reading materials into modern Chinese or read aloud with "/"sentences. (10)
(1) However, when there are no virtuous fools, poets must seek saints (3 points)
(2) Although I know a lot, I can't recommend it (2 points)
(3) I remember because I cried, because I was at home (3 points)
(4) How to make the poems of the old and frustrated poor people just lament the insects and fish. I like my job and I don't know how long it will be, but I will get old! (2 points)
1.A 2。 B 3。 B 4。 D 5。 C
6.b/ "Poverty" here mainly refers to political hardship, but according to the context, there is no limit.
7.c/ It should reflect the achievements of Mei's poetry from the side, and the world is not surprised by Mei's poetic talent.
8.( 1) However, at that time, no matter whether people were virtuous or stupid, when talking about poetry, it was inevitable to ask Mei Yu Sheng for advice.
Although I know May Yu Sheng very well, I didn't recommend him in the end.
(3) I have written an epitaph for him with tears, so I asked his family for it (the old draft).
(4) Why do you still regard it as a poor man's poem when you are old and frustrated? I like my job, but I don't know how long I have been poor. I am getting old, so I don't hesitate!
Reference translation
I have heard the world often say that the poet's career is not so prosperous and there are more difficulties. Is that really the case? Probably because most of the poems handed down in the world were written by ancient people in distress. Most of the literati who hide their talents but can't fully display them in the world like to indulge in wild fun at the water's edge in Shan Ye. When they see insects, fish, vegetation, clouds, birds and animals, they often explore their strangeness and strangeness. There is a sense of depression in their hearts, and these emotions are transformed into poetry, that is, relying on resentment and irony, expressing the lament of the widow who pursues the minister and writing the feelings that people can't express. The harder you are, the more skilled you are at writing. From this point of view, it is not writing poetry that makes people embarrassed, but writing good poetry after encountering trouble.
My friend Mei, who became a junior official because of her shady job when she was young, was recommended to take the Jinshi exam many times, but she was always suppressed by the examiner's office and spent more than ten years in the local area. I'm 50 years old, and I have to rely on others to send me a letter of appointment as a clerk. I am trapped in my talent and wisdom, and I can't fully display it in my career. My hometown is Wanling, and I studied poetry as a child. Writing poems from an early age surprised the elders. When I grew up, I learned the knowledge of the six classics of benevolence and righteousness. The article is simple and pure, and I don't want to please the world. The world only knows that he can write poems. However, at that time, whether people were smart or stupid, it was inevitable to ask Yu Sheng for advice when talking about poetry. Yu Sheng also likes to vent his frustration through poetry, so he usually writes many poems. The society has known him, but no one recommended him to the court. Once upon a time, Wang once saw his poems and sighed, "There have been no such works for two hundred years!" " Although I know him well, I still didn't recommend him. If he was lucky enough to be appointed by the imperial court, wouldn't it be magnificent to write works like Ya and Song in the Book of Songs to praise the great achievements of the Song Dynasty and dedicate them to the ancestral temple, so that he could be compared with the authors such as Shang Yang, Zhu Xi and Zhu Xi? It's a pity that he is too old to succeed, so he can only write poems of fallen people and express his poor and melancholy sigh in vain on worms and fish. Isn't it worth lamenting that society only loves the ingenuity in his poems, but doesn't know that he will die of old age after long suffering?
Yu Sheng has many poems, but he doesn't arrange them by himself. His nephew Xie Jingchu was worried about too many lost works, so he selected his works from Luoyang to Xing Wu and compiled them into ten volumes. I used to like Yu Sheng's poems, and I'm afraid I can't get all of them. I'm glad that Xie can sort them out, so I preface them and keep them.
Since then, 15 years have passed. Yu Sheng died of illness in the capital. I have written an epitaph for him in tears, so I asked his family to get more than 1000 manuscripts, plus 677 particularly good ones, divided into 15 volumes. Ah, I have commented a lot on Yu Sheng's poems, so I won't go into details.
Preface to Ouyang Xiu of Luling.