First, confuse the differences between terms.
The difference between "method and technology"
Artistic skills, also known as expressive skills, include four aspects:
① Expression: narration, description, lyricism and discussion.
(2) Expression techniques: arousing, associating, setting off, suppressing, caring, being positive, symbolizing, contrasting, changing from reality to emptiness, combining reality with reality, using allusions, expressing one's mind directly, expressing feelings by borrowing scenery, blending scenes, expressing ideas by borrowing the past, satirizing the present, turning motion into stillness, combining motion with motion, seeing the big from the small, and getting to the point.
Rhetoric: metaphor, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, contrast, analogy, parallelism, rhetorical question, rhetorical question.
(2) the difference between emotion and ambition
In poetry, "emotion" is what we usually call joy, anger, worry, thinking, sadness, fear and surprise, which are generally expressed through the description of scenery; "Ambition" means ideal, ambition, sentiment, character and so on. That is, what we usually say is generally expressed through the description of things. For example, Yang Wanli, a poet in the Song Dynasty, expressed the author's love for life and new things. Mo Mei, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, said, "Don't boast of his lewdness, just leave the air full of dry Kun." It is the plum blossom that embodies the quality that you don't want to go with the flow and belongs to the will.
(C) the relationship between "emotion" and "scenery"
Borrowing scenery to express feelings, borrowing scenery to express feelings and blending scenes are all ways for poets to express feelings by borrowing scenery. "Expressing emotion by borrowing scenery" is relatively direct, and the feeling after reading the poem is to see "emotion" but not "scenery"; When expressing feelings, there are no words on the front. After reading the poem, I feel that I see the scenery, but I can't see the emotion. But after careful analysis, I found that the poet's feelings are all in the natural scenery in front of him, and all the scenery words are sentimental.
(4) the angle of description
Common angles are: shape, sound, color, state and taste. "Shape" and "color" are perspectives; "Sound" is the angle of hearing, and "state" is divided into dynamic and static; "Taste" is the angle of touch.
Second, common answering methods
(A) identify "cold words" and "warm words"
In poetry, the tone of some words is actually a hint of the author's feelings, which should be found out first in the analysis.
For example, in the college entrance examination in Zhejiang Province in 2005, the poem appreciation question 16: Read the following two ancient poems and then answer this question.
Du Mu, a title of Qi 'an County, China.
On the bridge of Erji Sunset Creek, half a ray of light smoke is in the willow shadow. How many violets depend on each other and hate each other, looking back at the west wind for a while.
Yang Wanli on the lotus pond at dusk
The grass shook its head and suddenly reported Nong, and the shawl stopped a westerly wind. The lotus is still hot at dusk, and its lower face is hidden in a blue umbrella.
This paper points out the different emotional characteristics of "harmony" in two poems and makes a brief analysis.
These two poems both describe the scenery in the evening, take the lotus and the west wind as the main images of the poems, and depict the image of "lotus" with anthropomorphic expression, but the feelings of calligraphy are different. Sunset, lightness, hate and back in Du Fu's poems are typical cold-tone words, while sunset, lightness, hate and back in Yang's poems are typical warm-tone words. Therefore, the "violet" in Du Fu's poems is divided into "hate" and "returning to the west wind", which contains the poet's hate, shows a sense of grief and indignation, and has a melancholy tone. The lotus in Shi Yang's poems was blown away by the west wind and hidden in the lotus leaves. Seemingly "worried about fever", he is actually shy, showing the author's love and joy, and his tone is lively and interesting.
(B) the use of the answer format
1. Lyric image analysis and solution: identity+character+thought.
take for example
Quail day? Fu Dairen (Song) Xin Qiji
In the evening, Western jackdaw in the west is sad, and Liutang is green but gentle. No one would believe that there would be a sad life in the world if it were not for the bitterness of grief at this moment.
Heartbroken, tears are hard to collect, and acacia belongs to xiaohonglou. I know that there are countless chaotic mountains that block the distant sky, but I can't help leaning against the railing and staring at it all the time.
Analysis: This word describes a woman who is homesick, that is, a woman full of "separation from hate" and "lovesickness". Her "eyes" are full of "separation from hate", knowing that the line of sight has been blocked by the green hills, and her sweetheart can't see it, but she still has to lean against the lazy railing upstairs again and again, which shows her infatuation.
2. Analysis and solution of poetic images: surface meaning+deep meaning.
take for example
Chrysanthemum (Tang) Chao Huang.
The west wind is rustling all over the courtyard, and cold butterflies are hard to come by. If I were Di Qing next year, I would report to Taohua.
Analysis: The chrysanthemums in the courtyard are in full bloom in the rustling autumn wind, which seems to have a chill and a faint fragrance. It is rare for butterflies to fly to pick up chrysanthemum fragrance. The author imagines that one day he will make a film "Di Qing", and he will make chrysanthemums and peaches bloom together in spring. Throughout the poem, the chrysanthemum implication in the poem is the embodiment of the absolute bottom people in Qian Qian at that time. The author not only appreciates their tenacious vitality in opening up to the wind and frost, but also hates their environment and fate and is determined to completely change it.
3. Understand and answer the feelings expressed: What is expressed+What feelings (lodging and exposure)?
take for example
Yugezi (Tang) Zhang
White flies in front of mount cisse, peach blossoms and flowing water, mandarin fish fat. An old man in the bank, wearing a green bamboo hat raincoat and a green raincoat, braved the wind and rain and fished leisurely. He was fascinated by the beautiful spring scenery and didn't even go home in the rain.
Through the green hills in the rain, the fishing boats on the river, the egrets in the sky and the hearts on both sides of the strait, the author's feelings of loving freedom and nature are pinned, and his lofty, diluted, carefree and refined interest is also reflected.
4. Appreciation of Poetic Artistic Conception Answer: What kind of feelings are mixed with objective image and subjective feeling?
take for example
Autumn night in the mountains (Tang) Wang Wei
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
This poem describes the mountain scenery of autumn night, and the clear moonlight night after the Mid-Autumn Festival rain: the bright moon in the pine, the clear spring on the stone, the women in the bamboo forest, and the fishing boat in the stream, which organically outlines a quiet and distant autumn night scene. This poem was written by Wang Wei when he lived in seclusion in Wangchuan in his later years. He described the mountain scenery in autumn night and expressed the author's love for the simplicity, tranquility and indulgence of mountain life.
5. The answer to the keyword taste: meaning+technique+expression.
take for example
Yulouchun (Song) Song Qi
Dongcheng gradually felt that the scenery was good, and it was wrinkled and welcoming people. Poplar smoke is lighter than Han Xiao, and the branches of red apricots are full of spring.
Floating growth hates less pleasure, but is willing to love a daughter and smile. Drink for you to persuade the sunset, and leave a photo among the flowers all night.
Analysis of the word "Noisy": The word "Noisy" vividly describes the strong breath of spring and the wonderful realm of spring vitality.
6. Express appreciation answer: What means+what to describe (narrative discussion)+what to express?
7. Expression technique appreciation answer: technique+expression function.
Guan (Song) Zhou Bangyan
Autumn is cloudy and sunny, and the yard suddenly gets cold. Standing in court listening to autumn, I miss the trace of Hongyan in the depths of the vast sea of clouds. Late at night, I am very quiet, only the wall lamp contrasts with me. The wine is awake, how to stay up late at night?
Analyze the thoughts and feelings expressed by this word:
Blend feelings into the landscape. In the first part of this word, I wrote a bleak scene of dusk. Lonely passengers stood silently in the guest room, and long voices came, but no geese were seen, creating a bleak atmosphere. The next "Lonely Lamp" echoes the last one from a distance, and the feeling of loneliness and bitterness naturally shows between the lines.