The language characteristics of Guo Qin Lun are as follows:
"Guo Qin Lun" is the representative work of Jia Yizheng's essays, which is divided into three parts: upper, middle and lower. The full text analyzes the faults of the Qin Dynasty from all aspects, so it is called "On Guo Qin". This article aims to summarize the historical lessons of the Qin Dynasty's rapid demise and use it as a reference for the Han Dynasty to establish institutions and consolidate its rule. It is a set of articles that are profound and artistically appealing.
The first chapter of "On the Passage of Qin" first tells the reasons why Qin gradually became stronger from Duke Xiao to the First Emperor: its geographical advantages, the idea of ??implementing reforms to strengthen itself, correct war strategies, and the painstaking efforts of several Qin kings. Business etc. The writing uses parallel sentences and elaborative description methods, which is full of momentum.
Afterwards, it is written that although Chen She has little power, he was able to destroy the powerful Qin State. From the comparison, he comes to the conclusion that Qin's downfall lies in "the failure to practice benevolence and righteousness". The middle part analyzes that Qin did not have correct policies after unifying the world. Qin II failed to correct Qin Shihuang's wrong policies, and mainly blamed Qin II for his fault.
The next article describes how Qin Prince Ying did not have the ability to save the nation when he was in danger, and mainly blamed Qin Prince Ying's fault.
Expand knowledge:
"Guo Qin Lun" is a political treatise. "Guo Qin" means to point out Qin's faults, and "Guo" is a verb. "Lun" is a type of argumentative style that focuses on clarifying one's own opinions. "Guo Qin Lun" means "a historical treatise that accuses Qin of its (political) mistakes."
There are three chapters in "Lun Guo Qin"***. Among them, the best written and most influential one is the first one. It was first appended to the end of the "Historical Records: The Chronicles of the First Emperor of Qin" as the second chapter; later Chu Shaosun supplemented the "Historical Records" and appended it separately to the end of the "Chen She Family". "Hanshu", "Xinshu" and "Selected Works" have also selected this article.
In the first volume of the modern monograph "New Book" written by Jia Yi, this article is clearly marked as the "Part 1" of three chapters. There are quite some discrepancies between the words and sentences of this article in the four books "Historical Records", "Hanshu", "New Books" and "Selected Works".
Jia Yi (200 BC - 168 BC), known as Jia Taifu, Jia Changsha and Jia Sheng, was a native of Luoyang (now east of Luoyang, Henan). A political commentator and writer in the early Western Han Dynasty. At a young age, he became known to the world for his poetry and literature. Later, he was used by Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty. He advocated reforms and was demoted to the Taifu of Changsha King (because the Changsha King was not favored by Emperor Wen at that time, so he was demoted). Later he was appointed Taifu of King Huai of Liang. King Huai of Liang fell off his horse and died. He injured himself and died of sorrow and anger.
Jia Yi's main literary achievement is political essays, and he has written ten volumes of "New Books". His representative works include "On Guo Qin", "Chen Zheng Shi Shu" (also known as "Public Security Policy"), "On Accumulation and Storage", etc. Among them, "Chen Zheng Shi Shu" and "On Accumulation and Storage Shu" are works that criticize current affairs and have a great influence on later generations of prose.
Lu Xun once said that Jia Yi's article "is a great literary work of the Western Han Dynasty, which has benefited future generations with far-reaching benefits." "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" records seven poems. When he was demoted to Changsha and crossing the Xiang River, he wrote "Ode to Qu Yuan" to describe himself. He lived in Changsha for three years and wrote "Ode on Songniao", which pretends to be the main points of the poem and expresses his concern for the country.
His Fu is all in Sao style, and the form tends to be scattered, which is the forerunner of the development of Han Fu. The fifty-eight articles he wrote were compiled into ten volumes of "New Book" by Liu Xiang, but they have been lost. The Ming Dynasty compiled "Jia Changsha Collection", and the modern people compiled "Jia Yi Collection".