During the Warring States Period, Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei and Qin often attacked each other. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, wanted to unify all China. He first wanted the land of Zhao to expand the land of Hejian (now Hebei Province) in his own country, so he made peace with Yan. The State of Yan sent Taizi Dan to the State of Qin as a hostage, and the State of Qin sent Zhang Tang to the State of Yan. At that time, Gan Luo, a boy of 12 years old in Qin State, volunteered to be a lobbyist in Zhao State, claiming that he could persuade the prince of Zhao not to move a single soldier and automatically give the land near Hejian to Qin State. The king of Qin really sent Ganluo to Zhao. When Ganluo met King Xiang of Zhao, he said, "Did your majesty hear that yan dan, the prince of Yan, went to Qin as a hostage?" King Xiang of Zhao replied, "I heard." Gan Luo asked again, "Did your majesty hear that Qin sent Zhang Tang to Yan as prime minister?" King Xiang of Zhao replied, "I heard about it, too." Gan Luo said: "Yan Taizi Dan entered Qin State, Qin State Zhang Tang Xiang Yan, Qin State reconciled with Yan State, and your Zhao State will be in great trouble." King Xiang of Zhao said, "What is this?" Gan Luo said: "This is obvious. The purpose of Qin Yan's reconciliation is to attack Zhao and expand Hejian. The king might as well take the initiative to give up the five cities near Hejian to Qin, ask Qin to return Yan Taizi Dan, and then attack Yan with Qin. " King Xiang of Zhao felt that Ganluo's statement made sense, so he really gave the five cities to the State of Qin. Qin really released Yan Taizi Dan and interrupted the reconciliation with Yan State. Soon, Zhao sent troops to attack Yan State, captured 30 cities in Shanggu area of Yan State (now central, northwest and west of Hebei Province), and ceded 1 1 city to Qin State. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, thought that Ganluo's diplomacy was very successful, and he got a lot of land without a single soldier, so Ganluo, who was only 12 years old, became a Shangqing. The Warring States period was an era of stressing force and ingenuity. Qin seized the land of other countries by its own force and ingenuity. Although it is bullying, reunification is in line with the historical development trend, and it is inevitable that the powerful Qin State will gradually annex the other six countries. In the process of reunification, 12-year-old Gan Luo successfully completed his diplomatic mission without moving a single soldier and expanded the land of Qin State. Although he relied on the powerful state of Qin as the backing, it also showed that he was a great diplomatic talent.
At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, Sima's royal family fought against each other, and the world was in chaos. Refugee uprisings broke out in many places, and some local warlords and bureaucrats or small groups of armed forces who mastered military power also wanted to take the opportunity to make profits. A small bureaucrat named Du Zeng also took advantage of the chaos to occupy Jingzhou (now Jiangling, Hubei Province) and then attacked Wancheng (now south of Jingmen County, Hubei Province). Although Xun Yu, commander-in-chief of Wancheng, led the soldiers guarding the city to fight bravely, the situation was very critical because they were outnumbered, the whole city was closely surrounded and the food in the city was decreasing day by day. At that time, Xun Guan, the daughter of Xun, was only 13 years old. She volunteered to lead a group of people out of the tight encirclement and went to Shi Lan, the satrap of Xiangcheng (now Henan) to ask for reinforcements. In desperation, Xunxun agreed to let her daughter have a try. Xun Guan selected dozens of capable soldiers. On a dark night, he unexpectedly broke through the heavy encirclement of the enemy, arrived in Xiangcheng, transferred reinforcements, repelled Du Zeng's military forces and saved the siege of Wancheng. Honorable officials are not only teenagers, but also girls. She dares to take on heavy responsibilities in times of crisis. She is really a young heroine.
In the early years of Liu Song Dynasty (AD 420-479), there was a man named Queque who was determined to "ride the wind and break the waves" from an early age. When he 14 years old, his brother got married because he was too extravagant and wasteful to attract robbers. That night, a dozen robbers came to rob with torches and sticks. The others hid in the house trembling with fear, while Zong Yi picked up his usual sword and bravely fought the robbers. When he cut down several robbers, the loyal minister arrived at the news and caught them all. Later, Zong Xi became a general when he was less than 20 years old. When fighting against Lin Yi in Lingnan (now the south-central part of Vietnam), the fake lion was used to break the enemy's elephant array, which made great contributions to the country.
At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the northern state of Jin invaded the south on a large scale, entered Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), and destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou, the emperor of the Song Dynasty, fled to the south of the Yangtze River and founded the Southern Song Dynasty. However, the nomadic people continued to move south, and the regime of the Southern Song Dynasty was in jeopardy. Yue Fei, a young man with superb martial arts at that time, also joined the anti-gold team. Shortly after he joined the army, he captured Tuoba Wuye, a general of the Jin Army, alive in the battle and stabbed the Black Wind King with a gun, which dealt a heavy blow to the Jin Army. Later, Yue Fei became more and more brave in the Vietnam War, and defeated Wu Shu, commander-in-chief of the 8 Jin Army, many times, and accumulated rich combat experience. Yue Yun, the adopted son of Yue Fei, followed his father in various places when he was 12 years old, and made many contributions with his courage. Yue Fei and Yue Yun became the core of Yue Jiajun. The nomads from the army were frightened when they saw the flag of Yue Jiajun, and lamented that "it is easy to shake the mountain, but difficult to shake the Yue Jiajun". As Yue Fei's father and son led Yue Jiajun to a great victory in Zhuxian Town and were about to recover Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, treacherous court official Qin Gui killed Yue Fei's father and son with the acquiescence of Song Gaozong Zhao Gou. Yue Fei was only 39 when he died, and Yue Yun was only 23 when he died. Although they are dead, their heroic deeds of defending the country and killing the enemy will always be praised by future generations. Their father and son are worthy of being typical of China's ancient youth.
During Kublai Khan's reign in the Yuan Dynasty, Antong, aged 13, was appointed as his personal bodyguard. On one occasion, Kublai Khan defeated his younger brother, Ali Bug, who was fighting for power, and captured more than 1000 soldiers under Ali Bug. At that time, he was furious and ordered all the more than 1000 soldiers to be executed. Antong listened and stopped at once. He said: "It is their duty to serve the host. We will try to make these people change their families and serve your majesty. They will be grateful, turn over a new leaf, and be as loyal to your majesty as they were to Alibaba brothers. If you kill him, who dares to abandon the old and set up a new one and split from the enemy camp to see your majesty? " When Kublai Khan heard what Antong said was reasonable, he adopted his opinion and got more support. Antong later made many outstanding performances. When he just turned 17 years old, Kublai Khan appointed him as the right prime minister. Antong became prime minister at the age of 12, becoming the youngest prime minister in the history of China.
During the reign of the Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (BC 179-BC 156), Chunyu Kun, a famous doctor who was sent to Taicang (now Taicang County, Jiangsu Province), violated the criminal law and was escorted to the capital Chang 'an for corporal punishment. At that time, there were several kinds of corporal punishment, such as tattooing on the face, cutting off the nose and cutting off the left (right) toe, all of which were disabling torture. Chunyuyi's youngest daughter, Chunyu, is only a teenager. She is determined to accompany her father to Beijing and intercede for him. When she arrived in Chang 'an, she wrote to Emperor Wendi, claiming that her father's medical skills were brilliant and she should continue to serve the people, not make him disabled. She is willing to sell herself to the government as a maid to atone for her father. At the same time, she pointed out that corporal punishment is cruel and unfair, saying that it cripples people for life and cuts off the road to reform, so it should be abolished. Emperor Wen of Han felt that Ti Ying's spirit of interceding for his father was commendable, especially her criticism of the cruelty of corporal punishment was very reasonable, so he ordered Chunyu Kun to be exempted from the crime and the cruel corporal punishment was abolished, so that people who violated the criminal law would no longer be punished for life-long disability caused by cutting off their noses and toes. The brave behavior of a little weak woman in Ti Ying has brought about earth-shaking changes in the ancient criminal law of China, which is really boundless.
Cao Zhi of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period was a familiar figure. He is the son of Cao Cao. 65,438+00 years old, loves literature and reads a lot of poems. He is good at writing poems. It is said that he can write seven-step poems. When he was young, he wrote many popular poems and became a famous poet. "Boil beans and burn beans [Qi Qi], and the beans cry in the kettle. This is the same root, and it is urgent not to speculate with each other. " It is his famous sentence, which deeply satirizes and sincerely exhorts brothers to kill each other. Xie Lingyun commented that there is only one stone in the world [[Dan], and Cao Zhi has eight fights alone. This shows how great his achievements in literature are.
The Tang Dynasty was a golden age in the history of China literature, with many young poets. Wang Bo, a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, was able to write poems at the age of six. When I was nine years old, I read Yan Shigu's Notes on Hanshu, and wrote an article on Fingering Defects, pointing out many mistakes in Yan's notes. /kloc-when he was 0/5 years old, it happened that Liu Xiangdao, the right prime minister, was on a patrol. He wrote a letter to himself. Liu Xiangdao marveled that he had met a child prodigy and wrote to recommend him to Tang Gaozong. Tang Gaozong made a face-to-face presentation, and Wang Bo calmly answered, winning the favor of Tang Gaozong and being awarded the office of Asazaburo. The poems written by Wang Bo are profound in artistic conception and fresh in style. "However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor" is his immortal sentence. His masterpiece Preface to Wang Tengting is also a masterpiece that has been handed down through the ages. Wang Bo died at the age of 28, and all his achievements were made when he was young. Han Wo, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, 10 years old can write poems. His poems were not only greatly admired by ordinary people, but also appreciated by Li Shangyin, a great poet at that time, and his uncle, who thought that this nephew had surpassed himself. Zeng Zeng said to him, "When I was ten years old, I cut poems quickly, but I lost my feelings. Tonghua Wan Li Danshan Road, the little phoenix is clearer than the old phoenix. "
In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the society was relatively stable. At that time, there were many accomplished scholars, many of whom became talents in their youth. Yang Yi, a famous writer and historian, was born with long hair and was a rare hairy child in ancient China. But his intelligence is not low, even more than ordinary people. As soon as he learned to speak, he could recite Confucian classics such as Shangshu under his mother's dictation, and he could write articles at the age of seven. 1 1 years old, she was invited to Beijing to take the exam, and was awarded the post of provincial orthography secretary (III) because of her good writing of poems and fu. When he went to the temple to give thanks, the secretary couldn't find a robe for a child like him, so she had to prepare a suit for him temporarily. When you 18 years old, go to the Imperial Academy to take an exam and give you a Jinshi background. Later, he participated in the compilation of Yuan Gui and became the main author of this famous book in China history. Yan Shu, a famous politician and poet, was able to write articles at the age of seven. At the age of 65,438+02, Zhang, the ambassador of Jiangnan Anfu, recommended him to take the Jinshi exam. In the competition with 1000 scholars much older than him, he didn't have stage fright. He wrote a book as soon as he got the title, and the article was completed in one go. He has a scholar's background and is one of the youngest scholars in the history of China since the Imperial Examination. Later, he continued to study and write hard, became a famous poet at that time, and remained a prime minister in his official career. During his tenure as prime minister, he promoted a group of ambitious and promising young people, such as Fan Zhongyan and Fu Bi, to participate in and discuss state affairs, which contributed to the Qingming politics in the early Northern Song Dynasty.
By the Ming Dynasty, the literary form of poetry had declined, and there were not many accomplished poets. However, there was also a young poet Fu Su in the early Ming Dynasty. He can write poems and test prodigies at the age of eight. The examiner thinks he is too young, so let him go home and study for a few more years before taking the exam. But the poems he wrote at that time were quite mature. He wrote 30 "jathyapple" quatrains, describing the moon from the first day to the thirtieth day, and each capital can describe the characteristics of the moon that night. For example, jathyapple of The First Day wrote: "When the night is dark, it will be a new day, and there is no doubt that it is the sun. However, it is very clear everywhere, like a congenital Tai Chi map. " "jathyapple in the Tenth Five-Year Plan" wrote: "The Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated in mid-August. I hope it will be the same at four o'clock, and so will the sunshine in Liuhe. " Poems like this are not only about scenery, but also lyrical and philosophical. You can't write without a certain literary accomplishment. If we don't tell people that this poem was written by young Fu Su and let them guess, I'm afraid everyone will mistakenly think that it was written by a great poet. Fu Su was only 14 when he died. Although he has no other achievements except poetry, his poems have been passed down through the ages and will be told by future generations forever, which shows his achievements in literature.
(1) Shangqing: The noblest vassal is Shangqing.
(2) Zhao Saburo: A person with seven products has no post.
3 secretary provincial orthography: an official responsible for correcting books in ancient times.