Nikolai Alexeyevich Ostrovsky (1904-1936), Soviet writer. Nikolai Alexeyevich Ostrovsky was born in a poor peasant family in the village of Verya, Ukraine on September 29, 1904. He was the fifth child and began working as a child laborer at the age of 11. Joined the Communist Youth League in 1919 and immediately participated in the civil war. From 1923 to 1924, he served as the leader of the Communist Youth League in the Ukrainian border area, and joined the Communist Party in 1924. Due to his long-term participation in the arduous struggle, his health was seriously damaged. By 1927, his health deteriorated sharply, but he refused to give in and fought against the disease with amazing perseverance. At the end of 1927, while battling illness, Ostrovsky wrote a novella about the growth and heroic battles of the Kotov Cavalry Brigade. Two months later, when the novel was due to be finished, he sealed it and asked his wife to send it to his comrades in the Kotov Cavalry Brigade in Odessa to ask for their opinions. The comrades enthusiastically praised the novel, but he never expected that, unfortunately, , the only manuscript was lost in the post office while being sent to friends for review. This cruel blow did not dampen his strong will, but made him fight against the disease even more tenaciously.
In 1929, he was paralyzed and blind. In 1930, he used his own combat experience as material and began to write the novel "How Steel Was Tempered" with his tenacious will. The novel was a huge success and received sincere and enthusiastic praise from its contemporaries. In 1934, Ostrovsky was admitted as a member of the Soviet Union of Writers. At the end of 1934, he began to write a "historical lyrical heroic story" about the Kotovsky Division (i.e., "Born of the Storm"), but he only finished the first part. Finished writing. At the end of 1935, the Soviet government awarded him the Order of Lenin in recognition of his creative labor and outstanding contributions in literature. On December 22, 1936, Ostrovsky died in Moscow due to a recurrence of serious illness.
Nikolai Ostrovsky is a Russian, but his birthplace is in Ukraine. My father was a koji maker in a brewery, and he also worked odd jobs in other villages or cities. He also worked as a postman for five years. He had been to Petersburg, served in the military, had contact with progressive college students, and knew some stories about the revolutionaries' struggle against the Tsar. My mother came from a poor family and had to work for others at a young age, herding geese, growing vegetables, and taking care of children. After their marriage, six children were born, two of whom died in infancy. Ostrovsky is the youngest, with two sisters and one brother. In addition to doing housework and taking care of the children, the mother also did sewing and worked as a maid. When he was ten years old, due to the outbreak of World War I, his family fled to Shepetovka and settled there. At this time, life was even more difficult.
Ostrovsky joined the local train station canteen as a waiter at the age of eleven. At the age of fourteen, he entered a power plant and worked as a stoker and electrician. He also saw wood and unloaded coal. Chores. He had a strong thirst for knowledge since childhood and was eager to study, but he only attended school intermittently for a few years. In school, he not only has excellent grades, but is also very active and is a good assistant to the teacher. He has tried to write fairy tales, short stories and poems, and published his exercises in the "Color of Youth", a handwritten "magazine" written by students. He also likes to act in dramas and loves to play heroic roles on stage. He dropped out of school several times, mostly because of poverty, and once because he offended a priest who taught theology classes. So the child tried his best to borrow books and even gave his lunch to the newspaper vendor in exchange for newspapers and periodicals to read. When he was twelve years old, he read the masterpiece "The Gadfly" by the British female writer Voynich. From then on, the image of the gadfly was deeply imprinted in his heart.
Nikolai Alexeevich Ostrovsky was born in a worker family in 1904. After graduating from Junior Church Primary School, he had to drop out of school and work because of his poor family background. In 1919, he joined the Soviet Communist Youth League and participated in the Red Army's battle with the White Bandits. From 1923 to 1924, he served as a member of the Communist Youth League. Joined the Communist Party of China in 1924. In 1927, he became paralyzed due to illness and became blind. With amazing perseverance, he wrote the novels "How Steel Was Tempered" and "Born of the Storm", based on his personal experience, describing the experience of Soviet youth training and growing up in the furnace of revolution. "How Steel Was Tempered" was translated into Chinese as early as 1942. The protagonist in the book, Paul Korchagin, became a model for Chinese youth to learn from. On December 22, 1936, Ostrovsky died of illness. (The first chapter of "Born of the Storm" had just been written at that time, and the manuscript was still being typeset in the printing factory.) The suffering and heaviness of real life, and the perseverance and brilliance of the characters in the book made this boy sensible and precocious. He helped the Bolshevik underground organization to post leaflets and spy on intelligence. When he was fifteen years old, he was walking on the street when he suddenly saw a member of the underground revolutionary committee being escorted towards him by a heavily armed bandit. Regardless of everything, he rushed towards the bandits. The revolutionary was accidentally rescued, but he was arrested for it. The young man was tortured, but he survived without saying a word.
The Red Army and the rebels defeated the bandits. In July of the same year, Ostrovsky joined the Communist Youth League; in August, he volunteered to join the Red Army and went to the front with the troops to withstand the test of the fire of war. He served as a cavalryman and a scout, fighting in various places.
This young man not only leaped on his horse and brandished his sword, fought bravely and received written commendations, he was also good at motivating his comrades and showed his talent for propaganda and agitation. In August of the following year, Ostrovsky suffered severe abdominal and head injuries and spent two months in a field hospital bed, often in a coma. After being discharged from the hospital, I only retained two-fifths of the vision in my right eye, so I changed my job and moved to another place.
He participated in the work of the Anti-Revolutionary Committee, worked as an electrician's assistant at the Railway General Factory, and was elected secretary of the Youth League branch. At the same time, he studied at an electrical technical school. At the age of seventeen, he took the lead in the arduous work of building a railway branch line. On railway construction sites, many people lost their lives due to harsh conditions, diseases and sneak attacks by gangs. Ostrovsky gritted his teeth and worked hard. But when the work was about to be completed, his knees became red and swollen. He had difficulty walking and was infected with typhoid fever. He fell into a coma and was sent back to his hometown. Under the careful care of his mother, he barely survived. After returning to the factory, he worked and studied in a technical school. The injured body could not withstand excessive toil, and his health condition became worse and worse. He was sent to a sanatorium for mud therapy. After his condition improved slightly, he returned to Kiev and together with many members of the Communist Youth League, rescued wood in the knee-deep and bitingly cold river water. He fell ill again. When he was eighteen years old, the Medical Evaluation Committee issued him a first-class disability certificate. He hid the certificate and asked for a job. After that, he served as secretary of the Youth League Committee, political commissar of the National Military Training Camp, member of the regional Youth League Committee, and alternate member of the Provincial Youth League Committee. He joined the party at the age of 20 and served as secretary of the Youth League and Provincial Committee for a time. Unfortunately, he was involved in another car accident and his right knee was injured, causing a chronic disease. The joint was red, swollen and painful. He had difficulty moving. At the age of twenty-three, he became paralyzed and gradually lost vision in both eyes.
Since then, he has been traveling to and from hospitals in various places, but has not gotten better despite treatment. At the age of twenty-six, he underwent his ninth operation. After the incision was sutured, a cotton ball remained in his body. If a weak patient is given anesthesia again, the heart may be damaged and life-threatening. He offered to cut open the incision without anesthesia and take out the cotton ball. He didn't utter a groan, but he had a high fever after the operation that wouldn't go away for eight days. After that, he categorically refused any surgery, saying: "I have donated part of my blood to science. Let me keep the rest to do other things." In hospitals and sanatoriums around the country, he got to know many people. Friends, some of them are revolutionaries of the older generation. During his breaks in treatment, he used his remaining eyesight to read a large number of excellent literary works, including Pushkin, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Gorky, Sholokhov, Balzac, Works by writers such as Hugo, Zola, and Dreiser. He attended a correspondence university and at the same time wrote a novella reflecting combat life. It is a pity that the only manuscript of the novel was lost on the way back after being read by comrades in arms in other places.
At the age of twenty-six, he started writing the novel "How Steel Was Tempered"; he completed the first novel at the age of twenty-seven and it was published the following year. The novel was published in 1934 and achieved great success. He was also admitted as a member of the Soviet Writers Association. Subsequently, Ostrovsky began to write another set of trilogy novels "Born of the Storm" in recognition of his creative labor and outstanding contributions in literature. At the age of thirty, the second part of "How Steel Was Tempered" came out. At the age of thirty-one, he was awarded the Order of Lenin; at the age of thirty-two, on December 14, 1936, he completed the revision work of another novel "Born of the Storm" (Part One). 8 Queen of Heaven, that is, on December 22, he passed away. The body was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.