Lu You (1125 ~ 121) was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Word service concept, the number is released. Yuezhou Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) people. An outstanding poet in the Song Dynasty and the most prolific poet in the history of poetry, there are more than 9,3 poems in this collection. Lu You lived from the late Northern Song Dynasty to the early Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, wars continued, the people suffered greatly, and the mountains and rivers were fragmented. Lu You's poems fully touched all aspects of social life, echoed with the passion of patriotism and concern for the people, and contained rich ideological content. His poems reflect his heart and gallbladder without reservation. When he was young, he still kept Wan Li's pride of joining the army and serving the country with his own body, and as always; After the prime of life, sitting and thinking is still a meritorious service in the war of resistance and revenge for national humiliation; These are obvious in his works in different periods. Even at the age of eighty-two, the poet's patriotic enthusiasm was still not exhausted until the last moment of his life.
His patriotic poems are mainly in the following forms:
(1) Express one's feelings directly
Book of Anger: "When I was young, I knew that the world was difficult, and the Central Plains looked at the north like a mountain. It snows overnight in the building, and the autumn wind is scattered in the iron horse. Stuffed on the Great Wall, I made an empty promise, and the temples in the mirror have already faded. "Getting Started" is a true name, and who is comparable to it for a thousand years. "
Lu You's "a heart of Dan" has never been given the opportunity to serve the country, and he can't help but feel depressed and indignant, which is also reflected in the passionate tone in his poems. There is a strong contrast between the ambition of "gas mountain" and the reality of "empty self-promise", and the depression, frustration and pathos that are pent up in the heart have poured out like a raging river, which has a very strong appeal.
(2) Holding things to express one's will
"Operator Yongmei" "There is a broken bridge outside the post, and it is lonely to open the owner. The twilight came, the plum blossoms helpless, already tired, but also suffered by the wind and rain. The plum blossom does not want to go to struggle to struggle Blooming, the envy and repulsion of flowers do not care. Scattered into mud and ground into dust, only the fragrance remains the same. " Lu You loves plum blossom because it symbolizes integrity. His poem "Falling Plums" said: "The more awe-inspiring the snow is, the stronger the integrity is in the flowers. Out of date, I am drifting away, and shame is more pity for Dongjun. " Plum blossoms are not afraid of the cold when they bloom, but don't love spring when they fall. They come bright and go aboveboard. It is this noble character of plum blossom that Lu You has broken his heart. He even fantasized about "how to incarnate hundreds of billions, and how to make a plum blossom blossom bloom" ("Plum Blossom quatrains"), hoping to be a lifelong companion with plum blossoms. The word Yongmei, in fact, is based on the character of plum blossom. Experience in the last film. The sentence "outside the post" said that plum blossoms were displaced and degraded, and they lived in a different place; The sentence "Already Yes" says that plum blossoms have been devastated by wind and rain, and their misfortunes have been highlighted. The next film, Yongmei, went through a lot of hardships and left fragrant. It is not difficult to see the projection of the author's life experience and personality. In his early years, he was disgraced for violating Qin Gui for his patriotic remarks, and later he was dismissed for "urging Zhang Jun to fight". In the environment of stealing peace in the Southern Song Dynasty, he was always jealous, but his patriotic fighting spirit never waned, even he was old and faithful. This word was written by him in his later years, in order to express his unswerving patriotic stance and political integrity through Yongmei.
(3) Taking advantage of the scenery to express emotion
"Guan Shanyue" "In the fifteenth year of the reign of Herong, the general came to the border without fighting. Zhu men sang and danced heavily, and the horse was fat and the bow was broken. Diao Dou, the garrison building, urged the moon to fall, and he joined the army at the age of 3. Who knows the heart of a strong man in the flute, but the sand head is empty to recruit people's bones The Central Plains has heard of the war, and there are descendants who are against Hu Chuan! The adherents endured death and hoped to recover, and several places shed tears tonight. " "Guan Shanyue" originated from the theme, describing the situation and mentality of three different people (generals, soldiers and adherents) inside and outside Guanshan (border) under the same moonlight. The first four sentences are written about generals: don't fight when facing the border, indulge in debauchery, and abandon combat readiness. The second four sentences are about soldiers: wasting years, throwing stones at the sand, and having high aspirations is hard to pay. The last four sentences are about adherents: eager to recover, frustrated year after year, and waiting for death. The moon is the background light source of the whole article, and all three people are sleepless people under the moon tonight. The pale moonlight reflects their different joys and sorrows. The focus of the poem is to write "hate under the moon" interwoven with "the heart of a strong man" and "the tears of the adherents", while "the joy of generals" positively reveals that the historical cause of this eternal tragedy is the national policy of "harmony and tolerance". The whole poem is smeared with a layer of grief and indignation in the faint moonlight, silently voicing the author's condemnation of the national policy of "Harmony and Rong" and the regret that there is no way to serve the country.
(4) Tell your feelings in dreams
The storm on November 4th is blowing hard. "I'm lying in a deserted village and I don't feel sorry for myself, but I still think about defending my country. Lying at night listening to the wind and rain, the iron horse glacier dreams. " At the time of writing this poem, the author was sixty-eight years old. Although he was old and frail and lived in the countryside, he still looked forward to doing his best for his country. One night, it was stormy, and the poet seemed to be fighting fiercely on the battlefield in his sleep. Poetry deeply expresses the author's ambition to recover the country and serve the motherland, and the unswerving spirit of "being old and enduring", which fully shows the poet's lofty patriotism.
In his article Patriotic Poems, Mr. Zhu Ziqing divided patriotic poems in Chinese classical poems into three categories: one is loyalty to the past, that is, loyalty to a surname; Secondly, sing songs about the soldiers who bravely killed the enemy; Secondly, it is the same hatred for aliens. And pointed out that the third item is based on nationality and has a broader scope. He thinks that Lu You "has been an official, but his patriotic enthusiasm is not only for the Zhao family name. He joined the army in the northwest and strengthened his enemy. For the sake of the nation and the country, he always has the ambition to restore the Central Plains. " Therefore, he thinks: "Perhaps he is the only poet in the past who deserves to be called a patriotic poet."
Worrying about the country, loving the people and fighting to the death are the biggest characteristics of Lu's poems and the reasons why they can be told for generations. His poetry creation, rooted in real life, is characterized by realism, while many poems are permeated with romantic spirit. Lu You's language attainments are very high, and his style is concise and natural. On the one hand, due to his solid content and abundant feelings, the poet does not need to specialize in the carving of words. On the other hand, in order to express the theme clearly and smoothly, and make his works infectious, the poet also attaches great importance to improving his language, pursuing new ideas and reading it kindly and touching.
Lu You's poems not only had a profound influence at that time, but also had a profound influence on the poetry circles of later generations. Liang Qichao wrote in "Reading Lu Fangweng's Poems" that "the poetic world has been decadent for thousands of years, and the soldiers' souls are exhausted in soul of china. In the poem, Shi Jiu followed the military music, and the ancient men let go. " It is also to use Lu You's poems to inspire the fighting spirit of the nation.