Core Tip: Together with Yu and Xue Tao, they are called the four great female poets in the Tang Dynasty. Yuan Zhen has a romantic hobby and likes to write poems for lovers. In those days, Yuan Caizi and Xue Tao wrote a song "Send Xue Tao" when they were madly in love, and later wrote a song "Send" when they were madly in love. Although the love affair between Liu Caichun and Yuan Zhen was widely circulated, it ended in vain, for the simple reason that Liu Caichun, like Xue Tao, was humble and had an improper family background with Yuan Caizi.
This article "Apricot Blossoms That Year" was written by Liuli and published by Jincheng Publishing House.
Teresa Teng, after a generation of songs, is a household name in the Chinese community. In 1970s and 1980s, she was almost a household name in China society.
Everyone likes Teresa Teng, mainly because they like to listen to her lingering "decadent voice". Those slightly sad songs charmed countless people, thinking that she was the first female artist to sing such songs in China. In fact, as early as 1000 years ago in the Tang Dynasty, this kind of "decadent voice" became popular. It was a popular female singer named Liu Caichun who made these songs popular all over the country.
Together with Yu and Xue Tao, they are called the four great female poets in the Tang Dynasty.
Liu Caichun is a comprehensive professional literary figure, just like the amphibious star of film and television songs in the entertainment circle now. She can not only perform, sing and dance, but also write poems. She is a singer-songwriter and one of the four versatile poetesses in the Tang Dynasty.
It's amazing to be able to write poetry, which shows that Liu Caichun is not a mindless vase, but a high-quality singer with high artistic accomplishment, better than those shocking singers who can't even tell the difference between Tang and Song Dynasties. Now some singers are really speechless. If there is no hero, let Vertical Son become famous!
Due to his low status, Liu Caichun's date of birth and death and other personal circumstances are unknown. Her personal information is not only recorded in serious history books, but also not seen in local chronicles. However, because she had a love affair with Yuan Zhen, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, unofficial history left some records about her.
As for Liu Caichun's birthplace, Jiangyin and Shaoxing are mentioned, but he can't jump out of Jiangnan. "Merchants in Jiangzuo Palace leap forward" is a sentence in the official history Sui Shu edited by Wei Zhi in the early Tang Dynasty. It means that Jiangnan has been a highly developed place for music and art since ancient times.
At that time, Liu Caichun's pop music scene in Jiangnan was even more popular than Super Girl. According to the current name, it should be a diva singer with countless fans. The members of Liu Caichun fan group are not only the dignitaries in Beijing, but also the Li Han village women in Suzhou and Hangzhou. It can be said that regardless of age and wealth, men and women can eat it all.
People in the Tang Dynasty talked about Liu Caichun, just as we talk about Teresa Teng today. In those days, Teresa Teng "where there are China people, you can hum Deng Qu", while Liu Caichun was Teresa Teng in the Tang Dynasty.
There were probably two reasons for engaging in literature and art in ancient times: one was forced by livelihood; Second, there is a tradition of entertainment in the family. Liu Caichun is both.
Although there is no historical data to explain Liu Caichun's family economic situation, it can be concluded that Liu Caichun is a bitter child. Ancient actors were discriminated against by society and were poor. As long as their children have a bowl of rice to eat, they will never become actors.
When Liu Caichun was a child, she entered the entertainment circle because of her poor family. When I grow up, my husband is also an insider. Her husband, Zhou Jichong, was a famous opera actor at that time and was traditionally called "Gong Ling". Zhou Jichong was good at joining the army, and his uncle Zhou Jinan was also a famous actor who joined the army at that time.
The so-called "joining the army drama" first began in the post-Zhao period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The content is: an actor puts on official clothes and pretends to join the army (a low-ranking official). Later, this actor joined the army because of corruption, and was teased by other actors, hence the name "Joining the Army Play".
The earliest "joining the army drama" was mainly funny and ridiculous. Generally speaking, it has two functions. The protagonist who was teased is going to join the army, and the person who was teased is called Cang Gu. Their performance is a bit like today's cross talk.
The early drama of joining the army was poor in content, simple in structure and little in influence. In the late Tang dynasty, "joining the army" developed into a multi-person performance, and the drama plot was more vivid and complicated. In addition to male roles, there are also female roles, which add bright colors to the whole performance. Liu Caichun was the heroine of "Joining the Army" at that time.
After marriage, they formed a "family drama class" with the Zhou brothers. The three first ladies often performed everywhere, and their fame grew bigger and bigger, and finally they reached the point where everyone in the south of the Yangtze River knew it. Liu Caichun not only can act, but also has a good voice. In the words of literati, it is "singing through the clouds for three days." Can be said to be a powerful singer.
Liu Caichun's theatrical troupes don't have any three-dimensional media publicity, no large-scale posters and albums, and no one gives them packaging and hype. Liu Caichun can only be popular in most of China through a series of tours. Isn't it the grandparents of modern self-styled pop divas or his seal? Liu Caichun is a real pop diva, and there is absolutely no lip-synching.
At the end of each performance of the Zhou Brothers Troupe, the finale is a song written and sung by himself. This time is often the time when the audience's emotions reach the most * * *. Not only the ordinary people with poor self-cultivation, but also the scholar-officials who usually sit still and wait for death, are fascinated after listening, and some even burst into tears. The scene is quite touching!
So what song did Liu Caichun sing, which was so sensational? Its name is Wang Fusong, which is Liu Caichun's masterpiece, equivalent to her reserved songs. Song of Looking for a Husband made Liu Caichun famous at one fell swoop, and also made her have a lot of staunch fans.
This song "Wang Fu Ge" is a suite of six songs. They all sing songs with four clothes as the content. Just listening to this name can make people sad and burst into tears.
"Wang Fu Ge" is also called "Y Qu". "Y" is equivalent to "Luo Lai" and is a dialect in the south of the Yangtze River. It means to look forward to the return of those who have traveled far away, so this is a sentimental song to express their sadness. Therefore, Yuan Zhen said in a poem "To Liu Caichun" that she "has a lot of troubles, and she can sing the song of Wang Fu with her words". At that time, Liu Caichun almost became a spokeswoman for businesswomen-wives with money and leisure but empty lives.
Jiangnan's commerce has always been very developed. Many cities are important foreign trade ports and domestic commercial and trade centers. Since the Tang Dynasty, a large number of businessmen have traveled abroad for a long time and carried out various trade activities, which have brought two influences to families:
On the one hand, men cannot stay in the countryside if they want to support their families and earn money. They have to travel all over the country all the year round, but they can't go home and live a lonely wandering life. In addition, safety is also an important concern of their families. Money can attract thieves since ancient times, and business risks are unpredictable.
On the other hand, the wives of these businessmen were abandoned at home at a young age. They have to support the elderly, raise and educate their children, and manage all kinds of housework. The hardships and hardships can be seen by outsiders, but who knows the loneliness and loneliness inside?
They are not only worried about their husbands' business, safety and health, but also about other women around them-they often walk by the river, so how can they not wet their shoes!
Next, let's look at a poem written by a businessman's wife. The author is Guo Shaolan, also from the Tang Dynasty. Guo Shaolan is an ordinary housewife in Chang 'an. Her husband Renzong went to Hunan to do business, but he didn't come back for several years, and there was no news.
Guo Shaolan misses her husband, but she doesn't know where Renzong is. Disappointed, she wrote a poem and tied it to the swallow's foot. Maybe her sincerity touched God. The swallow suddenly landed on Renzong's shoulder in Jingzhou. He was surprised to open the letter and saw such a poem called "Sending a Husband":
Husband went to the heavy lake and cried at the window.
Diligence relies on the wings of swallows and is sent to a thin lover.
In the Ming Dynasty, Zhong Xing once commented on Guo Shaolan's poem in Poems of Famous Ladies: "Although it is not a poem, you can hear its story." It means that the artistic level of Guo Shaolan's poem is not so good, but it has been passed down because of something strange.
To tell the truth, Zhong Xing's evaluation is very objective. Guo Shaolan's short poems are really nothing extraordinary in art, and the language is plain and straightforward. But this does not mean that this poem is worthless. On the contrary, it has extremely important cognitive value, because it represents the voices of many businessmen and women.
Guo Shaolan is lucky. It is said that Renzong "cried" after reading this poem and came back. They are finally reunited. However, some businesswomen are not so lucky. They finally looked forward to the stars, the moon and their husband, only to find that there was another one beside him! As a result, "all he can see is the smile of his new lover, but he can't hear the cry of the old man" is not uncommon.
It is said that the married life of the merchant's wife at that time had become an annoying social problem. It has become a common social phenomenon that a large number of couples have been separated for a long time and their married life is extremely harmonious. But love becomes precious, and the cost of survival is higher, which is helpless!
Liu Caichun probably did market research, and this group of songs catered to the market demand at that time, or it may be because Liu Caichun had more opportunities to contact businessmen's families. In a word, Liu Caichun's exploration of this market shows her ability as a marketer. It is worth noting that these lyrics are not circulated in written form like literati works, but rely on stage performances and have been passed down from mouth to mouth so far. It is really not easy!
There are one hundred and twenty * * * poems written by Liu Caichun and six * * * poems compiled by Qing Dynasty, all of which are signed by Liu Caichun. Some people suspect that the author of this group of poems is not Liu Caichun, but no one should say anything to her original singer. As soon as some men see women writing poems and writing widely circulated poems, they can't help wondering if there is another male poet behind them.
Although they couldn't find out who the male poet was in the end, they still had to find various reasons to doubt. For example, Hu Yinglin, a poet, asserted that several of Liu Caichun's poems were "not in the late Tang Dynasty", thus denying her authorship. As for the tune of "Late Tang Dynasty", Mr. Hu himself is vague.
Even if it is wrong, it is also a beautiful mistake! In the Tang Dynasty without recording technology, six poems were performed one after another, which was not easy to be handed down. Future generations also miss the woman who made them widely circulated.
Six pieces of "Y Qu" handed down from generation to generation (I)
I don't like Qinhuai River, but I hate getting on board.
It has been many years since I took my son's husband.
Secondly,
Excuse me, dongyuanliu, how many years have it been dry?
Since there are no branches and leaves, don't blame the sun.
third
Don't be a businessman's wife. Chai Jin should be a moneymaker.
Looking at the estuary, I mistook several boats.
Fourth.
On the parting day of that year, I only stayed in Tonglu.
Tonglu people disappear, and now they get Guangzhou books.
Fifth.
Yesterday was better than today and this year is older than last year.
One day in Huang Heqing, it is impossible to have white hair and black hair.
Sixth.
Yesterday, the north wind blew hard, leading the boat to Purian.
When the tide comes, it is difficult to shake the bottom.
This popular folk singing method at that time was really different from the temple songs of literati. It has a strong folk flavor and gives people a sense of freshness. These are two of them:
The song "I don't like Qinhuai River" is about a lonely and boring woman. It's depressing to think that my husband has been away for a long time and hasn't come back. As a result, women sometimes complain about water, sometimes hate boats, sometimes say that heartless people have been walking for months, and sometimes say that people who have been stabbed with a thousand knives may have been walking for years.
This kannika nimtragol seems to be talking to herself and thinking, and it's a whole stream of consciousness. What does your husband's long absence have to do with water and boats? It seems unreasonable, but in fact it vividly reflects the "innocence" and "small freshness" of boudoir women.
Shen Deqian, a senior poetry critic in Qing Dynasty, saw this beauty at a glance. He commented on this poem in Selected Poems of Tang Poetry: "I don't like it", "I hate it", "I am old" and "I am old", which is ridiculous to repeat. Expert Shen is a man who knows poetry!
Liu Caichun didn't write "Farewell to Sorrow", and some people wrote poems about it before and after her. Liu Changqing, who was nearly a hundred years earlier, complained in a poem "Send Judge Li to Camp in Runzhou" that "the grass is green and the horseshoe is green". Later, Chao, one of the four poets of Su Men in the Song Dynasty, once said in a poem, "Don't wear an infinite willow, paint mercilessly and walk without roots", but it is not as good as it is.
The song "Don't be a businessman's wife" is about the resentment caused by her husband's untimely return home, which means that "since I married a businessman in Qutang, he hasn't kept his promise every day", in Li Yi's Jiangnan Qu.
In the previous poem, this woman complained about water and boats, but this is not real resentment. Only in this poem did she point out the object of real resentment-it turned out to be her husband! My husband is disgusted precisely because he is a businessman who values profits over points, just as Bai Juyi said in Pipa Xing.
It is said that when Liu Caichun's "Song of Looking for a Husband" rang, older girls, kannika nimtragol, and even people walking on the roadside all heard the sound and burst into tears. This scene can be compared with that of Teresa Teng.
In the streets of the 1980s, whenever "When will you come again" sounded, people would hum along. Where there are China people, there are people singing Teresa Teng songs. If you compare Teresa Teng's songs with Liu Caichun's songs, Wang Fu's songs should be equivalent to three years in Teresa Teng:
I miss my guts. I want to wear them.
I've been looking forward to your return for three years.
I didn't expect to meet you before. Tomorrow is parting.
When did you go this time? Is it three years?
Three years left and three years right. How many days have you met in your life?
It's best not to meet for three years.
You can't miss it, but you have to be bitter and lingering.
Why can't you let go of this heart and would rather suffer?
From the elegies of Teresa Teng and My Sweetie, we may be able to imagine the elegies of Liu Caichun. It is not hard to imagine that Liu Caichun, like Teresa Teng, is dominated by female fans.
As a pop singer, it is impossible to be popular without gossip. Liu Caichun also spread a lot of gossip intentionally or unintentionally. The most famous one was her extramarital affair with Yuan Zhen, the local chief executive, when she was performing in eastern Zhejiang. This Yuan Zhen is a Yuan Zaju talent who had a brother-sister relationship in Chengdu and Xue Tao.
Yuan Zhen, then the secretariat of Yuezhou (now Shaoxing) and an observer of East Zhejiang, was just catching up with Liu Caichun and her husband Zhou Jichong to perform in Shaoxing from Huai 'an, Jiangsu. After several performances, Shaoxing City has become an empty lane. In the end, even Yuan Zhen, the chief executive of Shaoxing, couldn't sit still.
After watching the performance, Director Yuan immediately became a fan and wrote an eloquent comment, doing his best to win the role. This article immediately narrowed the distance between them. As a talented poet and leader of the Yuan Dynasty, this gave Liu Caichun enough face. In worship, I plunged into the arms of Chief Yuan.
Liu Caichun is 25 years old and full of feminine charm. Compared with "Xue Tao", he is a little older, and certainly more attractive to talents like Yuan.
This incident was recorded in Dai Fan's book Friends of Yunxi in the Tang Dynasty: "Zhou Jinan, Ji Chong and their wife Liu Caichun came from Huai 'an and were good at enlisting in the army, singing like a cloud. Although the article is not as good as (Xue) Tao, the ratio of Huarong Road is also. " Yuan Zhen also made no secret of his love for beauty. He admitted that "poetry is not as good as pottery, but the beauty of appearance is incomparable to pottery".
For men, even the best talent is not as good as the good color, which is an irrefutable truth! And Liu Caichun has long admired Yuan Zhen, a great talent and local governor, and they hit it off, saving a lot of intermediate links and directly entering the honeymoon period!
Other officials are sneaking around like underground workers, but Yuan Zhen made this matter vigorous and colorful, and talented people showed their magical powers.
Yuan Zhen stayed in Zhejiang for seven years, and once got drunk and wrote a poem: "I didn't get it because I followed it, not because I loved bass." A colleague named Lu saw the poem and joked: "Although the Prime Minister is not a bass, it is better to have beautiful ears than Jinghu!" It can be seen that the relationship between Yuan Zhen and Cai Chun at that time was well known.
Two people, one married to Luo Fu and the other to the monarch, openly dated as lovers for seven years. Poor Zhou Jichong was put on a pure green hat like this! There is also a legend that Yuan Zhen gave Zhou Jichong a sum of money and bought out Liu Caichun.
Yuan Zhen has a romantic hobby and likes to write poems for lovers. Also, literati, this is the only specialty. In those days, when Yuan Cairen and Xue Tao were madly in love, they wrote a poem "To Xue Tao". Later, I fell in love with Liu Caichun and wrote a poem "Send Liu Caichun", which reads as follows: Two moths are skillfully painted in new makeup, and Changzhou is full of flowers.
Sneak water from the front and slowly break the ripples.
Elegant and romantic words, low and charming manners.
There are more annoying heartbroken places, and you can sing the song of Wang Fu when choosing words.
Compared with some officials who have a hobby of collecting women's products today, Yuan Zhen's hobby is still more elegant and upscale.
People suffer from less talents, while Yuan talents suffer from more talents; People suffer from less emotions, while Yuan Caizi suffers from more emotions. This compassionate scholar, although good at writing colourful ci, left some clues and materials for future generations that did not enter the eyes of official history.
First of all, from the poems of gifted scholars in Yuan Dynasty, we can infer that Liu Caichun is a beautiful woman, and she is also a beautiful woman with great temperament. You see, in the pen of Yuan Caizi, it is "gentle and charming". What a literary and art worker! There are many kinds of amorous feelings, but they are different from ordinary women!
Secondly, we can infer that Liu Caichun is a fashionable girl. She loves to dress up, knows how to dress up and leads the new fashion trend: "A pair of moths are skillfully painted in new makeup, and Changzhou is full of flowers."
It seems that Liu Caichun's aesthetic taste is ahead of time, but at that time there was no fashion women's magazine Ruili, and there was no fashion conference held irregularly. Liu Caichun is self-taught. Her dress was the most popular fashion at that time, and her hairstyle was the most fashionable hairstyle at that time. Now, she must be a fashionable woman who wears famous brands and pays attention to the quality of life.
What fascinated Yuan Zhen most was not Liu Caichun's "clever new makeup", but listening to her gently shaking the sandalwood board and singing a song "Wang Fusong" that was "annoying and heartbroken". Tone, coupled with the lovely innocent girl, who doesn't love it, not to mention a passionate wit like Grandpa Yuan!
Although the love affair between Liu Caichun and Yuan Zhen was widely circulated, it ended in vain, for the simple reason that Liu Caichun, like Xue Tao, was humble and had an improper family background with Yuan Caizi.
Literati in Tang Dynasty are famous for their romantic feelings. They can find anyone who has an affair, but marriage is quite serious, and it is fashionable to marry Plutocratic family's daughter. Ordinary people and scholars should not say that even the emperor of a country cannot be exempt from customs. Look at the following historical facts and you will know how important it was to be suitable in marriage at that time.
In Tang Wenzong, the emperor proposed to Prime Minister Qin Zheng, who was a famous aristocratic family in Chang 'an at that time. Emperor Wenzong hoped to marry his granddaughter to the Crown Prince, but Zheng could marry her granddaughter to Cui Mou, who was a top official at that time, instead of making her a crown princess or a future queen, because Cui Shi was another famous family in Chang 'an.
Wenzong couldn't marry his in-laws, so he had to ask himself in the palace gloomily: "Civil servants get married, regardless of official products. My 200-year-old son of heaven is not as good as Cui and Lu Ye? " The implication is that I, a supreme emperor, can't catch up with a small official of the nine-product clan? The answer is-not really!
Because facts speak louder than words, Prime Minister Zheng would rather send his granddaughter to the Cui family, a small official with nine grades, than be your royal mother instrument. Perhaps in the eyes of the Prime Minister, you, Emperor Li, are a nouveau riche of ethnic minorities!
Cui Yingying, Yuan Zhen's first girlfriend, was not noble enough. Yuan Zhen and his "Romance of the West Chamber", with the windward door half open, had a one-night romantic affair from * to N, and finally abandoned Mo Chenfu, and called Yingying a "natural beauty". If you don't charm her, charm her. "
I regard the woman I have been striving for as a "disaster" and an ominous thing, but I am "not worthy of Uber", so I gave up my feelings and found a high-sounding reason to abandon Yingying! In terms of qualifications, Yuan Cairen can really be called a "senior fickle lover" and an old-timer of Chen Shimei.
Therefore, the ending of Yuan and Liu is doomed to be "not seeking eternity, but seeking to have it once". Finally, Yuan Cairen managed to escape. Still an old saying goes: women can't beat love, and men can't beat fame and fortune.
There is a famous poem, which seems to be tailor-made for Yuan Caizi, as follows: I left quietly,
When I came softly;
I waved my sleeve,
Don't take away a cloud.
Liu Caichun didn't know what he was going to do. As a generation of pop stars, it's really a pity.