Two. The relationship between the public and the public consists of three elements: social organization, the public and communication.
1. Social organizations are in a dominant position among the three elements of public relations.
2. The public is the object and authority of public-public relations.
3. Communication is an intermediary that constitutes the public-private relationship and is effective.
Three. The communication of public relations refers to the communication activities in which social organizations transmit information to the public in a planned way in order to achieve a certain interest goal and communicate with the public through information feedback.
Four. Public relations communication elements: source, destination, information, media, feedback, transformation, environment, interference, effect and purpose.
1. Source: refers to the publisher or disseminator of information, that is, the party that sends information to the recipient.
2. Sink: also known as the trustee, that is, the receiver of information or the destination of information.
3. Feedback: refers to the receiver's response to the information disseminated by the communicator.
4. Interference: refers to an important factor that enlarges or narrows the amount of information in the process of communication, distorts the information and affects the quality and effect of communication.
5. Goal: It is the starting point for the source to choose the information it transmits and the effect it hopes to achieve through communication.
Five. Public relations communication type: 1. Direct communication and indirect communication. 2. Interpersonal communication and mass communication.
Six. Public relations language: the language in public relations communication is public relations language, which refers to all meaningful symbols used by public relations subjects in the process of public relations communication.
Seven. Nature of public relations language discipline: 1. Comprehensive, marginal. 2. Theory and practice. 3. Broad and open.
Extensiveness is the research object of public relations language discipline. Openness is the development trend of public relations language discipline.
Eight. The difference between science and art;
1. Their essential characteristics are different. Science is theoretical, regular and systematic, while art is creative, vivid and skillful.
2. The value levels of the two are different. Science belongs to the level of system theory and the level of artistic practice application. Scientific theory comes from practice, which has guiding function and application value to practice. Although art is the source of scientific theory, it can only be used for reference or reference to other practices.
3. The formation process of the two is different. Science is the understanding of objective things and their laws, which is formed through repeated refining and high generalization; Art is a typical reflection of reality in practice under the guidance of scientific theory.
4. The manifestations of the two are different. Science is represented as a theoretical system, while art is represented as ways, methods, skills, skills and techniques.
Nine. Language art of public relations: refers to various methods and techniques that give people a good feeling and achieve good results in public relations practice under the guidance of the basic principles of public relations and language theory.
Personality characteristics of public relations language art with Tenuto: 1. Follow the principle. 2. Pay attention to interaction. 3. Highlight emotions. 4. Various forms. 5. Explore and innovate.
Exchanging information (minimum goal), connecting feelings (vital), changing attitudes and causing behavior (maximum goal) are the four levels of public relations communication activities, and they are also the specific goals of any social organization's public relations activities.
The language forms often used in public relations communication activities mainly include spoken language (colloquial language, monologue language), written language (official document language, news language), body language (dynamic body language, static body language), auxiliary language (phonetic elements, functional sounds) and logo language (signs, punctuation marks).
Eleven. The function of public relations language art: 1. Smooth information transmission. 2. Deepen emotional communication. 3. Promote relationship coordination. 4. Stimulate public behavior.
Our basic communication tool is language. The artistic language here refers to the expression form of artistic works, which is a figurative statement, that is to say, the form of artistic works plays an expressive role in artistic works.
Artistic language is abstract and perceptual, which is different from human language, but both of them have expressive functions. A song, a painting, they tell us not only the existence of some objective facts, but also the significance of their existence, which is a spiritual expression. No matter what kind of art, it has its own special language. If you want to truly understand art, you must understand their language. Communication ability refers to accurate words, clear meaning, appropriate structure, concise sentences, well-versed in arts and sciences, plain language, conforming to norms, being able to express objective concepts clearly, accurately, coherently and appropriately without language defects. However, it is very difficult to achieve the above points. Let's talk about how to improve your language ability!
1. Use pictures skillfully to express the image.
Most of the texts in primary school Chinese textbooks are accompanied by corresponding illustrations. These pictures have a certain arrangement purpose, which embodies the characteristics of primary school students' thinking in images. And bright colors, vivid images, strong appeal, easy to cause students' emotions. In teaching, teachers should guide students to observe carefully according to the characteristics of these illustrations, stimulate students' desire to express and enrich the content of expression. When teaching the article "serving the people", students' understanding of the profound ideological connotation of "serving the people wholeheartedly" is rather vague. In order to break through this difficulty, I asked the students to exchange extracurricular materials, use illustrations to understand Zhang Side's ordinary deeds, and learn his spirit of "serving the people wholeheartedly" from these ordinary deeds. Linking profound truth with concrete pictures will naturally arouse students' interest and desire to speak, and the language expression will be more abundant and concrete. As can be seen from the students' descriptions, they are meticulous in observation, rich in imagination and active in thinking. This kind of oral training with pictures plays a very important role in cultivating students' understanding, thinking and oral expression.
2. Perceive key points and express personality
"Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out: "Reading teaching is a process of dialogue among students, teachers and texts." Effective dialogue can create a wonderful classroom. Dialogue with the text, understanding the language, is to grasp the key parts and key sentences in the text and repeat, experience, ponder and taste. Grasp the "headline eye" and you can understand the main idea of the article; Grasp the central sentence, transitional sentence, key and difficult points, and grasp the author's writing ideas and layout skills; Master sentences with special expressions, such as metaphor, personification, rhetorical questions, etc. , we can understand the differences in expression and meaning of characteristic expressions; Grasping the wonderful sentences or the deepest feelings, we can feel the vivid image, accuracy and exquisiteness of the author's words and sentences; Mastering the different uses of punctuation marks can help us understand the meaning of sentences, distinguish the mood and understand the content of the text; Grasping the sentences describing the expressions, movements and psychological activities of the characters and the clues of emotional changes can help us understand the development of the story and the personality characteristics of the characters ... In teaching, I pay attention to guiding students to taste key words and cultivating students' spoken English. In the teaching process of "Fishing Enlightenment", I guide students to find out the key words, words and sentences first and experience them carefully. Through reading, I realized the author's love for sea bass and his father's firm and unquestionable seriousness in the face of moral choice. Then I encourage students to debate the "yes" and "no" of "release" and "stay", and understand the significance of father's strict requirements to the author's moral practice ... Students can grasp key sentences for dialogue and speculation, feel in reading, pour out their feelings, and reflect their personalized understanding in dialogue. Therefore, in teaching, based on teaching materials, communicating with students in ideas, knowledge and ability, and boldly expressing their unique understanding and feelings can make the classroom a stage for students to show their personality.
3. Formal imitation, transfer expression
In order to help students feel the unique language expression of the text and improve the standardization and flexibility of language expression, teachers should be good at grasping the transfer point of language training in class, so that students can understand the laws of speaking and writing from the text and make eclectic and colorful language expressions have laws to follow. In teaching, we should pay attention to designing oral and writing exercises for students with the help of special language forms in the text to improve their language expression ability. When teaching the article "Bird's Paradise", students can use the sentence pattern of "at first" to practice speaking ... and "everywhere" ... some ... some ... ",so that students can learn to express in a dynamic and static way and master the usage of parallelism. When teaching at the Great Wall, students can practice speaking according to the sentence pattern of "standing … watching … holding … naturally remembering …", and guide students to express in a coherent and orderly manner according to the order of "seeing—listening—feeling". At the same time, according to the characteristics of different grades, our training should be hierarchical and step by step:
From the simplest training content of imitating words, making sentences, changing words, imitating sentences, to the practice of imitating writing fragments with slightly more difficulty, and then to the practice of imitating the structure and narrative method of the whole article, the training is from simple to complex and from easy to difficult. In the training, students' thinking is activated, students' interest is improved, students' imagination is enriched, students' expressive ability is transferred and created from simple operation to complex simulation, students' language expressive power is improved, and students' ability to use language and characters is greatly improved.
4. Imagine the situation and expand the expression
Einstein said: "Imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination summarizes everything in the world, promotes progress and is the source of knowledge evolution." Rich imagination, beautiful artistic conception and vivid stories can best arouse students' interest, which can not only deepen their understanding of the text, but also effectively improve their language expression ability. The famous books in Chinese textbooks contain the author's spiritual thinking, which is a combination of reading, speaking and writing for students to expand their imagination. In teaching, teachers should base themselves on texts, create an atmosphere of language expression, actively guide students to expand their imagination and encourage innovative thinking. For example, when teaching the article "Mom's Bill", the teacher can design this kind of imagination expansion training: "If you were little Peter, what would you think at this moment? What would you say to your mother? " Let the students exchange roles and express their feelings. After teaching Fanka, students can imagine what will happen when Fanka wakes up and what they want to say to Fanka, and then let them continue to write Fanka's story according to their own imagination. Through the training of these imaginations, students' thoughts can fly freely, and the content and form of expression are also brilliant.