Zhongxing said: To put it lightly, it makes people sad to see each other. It is inevitable that I will not be able to read it, and I will never get tired of reading it. ?Refining the five words "Spring River Flowers and Moonlight Night" into a piece of strange light that cannot be separated or combined, it is a true chemical craftsmanship. Now I will bring you about Zhang Ruoxu's "Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night", I hope you like it!
"Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night"
Zhang Ruoxu in the Tang Dynasty
Spring River Tide Even the sea is flat, the bright moon on the sea and the tide are rising. The glistening waves follow the waves for thousands of miles, but there is no moon on the spring river!
The river flows around Fangdian, and the moonlight shines on the flowers and forests, all like sleet; the frost flies in the sky without noticing, and the white sand on the terrace is invisible .
The river and the sky are completely dust-free, and there is only a solitary moon in the bright sky. Who first saw the moon by the river? When did the moon over the river shine on people for the first time?
Life has been endless from generation to generation, and the moon over the river looks the same year after year. I don’t know who Jiang Yue is waiting for, but I see the Yangtze River sending water.
The white clouds fade away slowly, and the Qingfeng Pu is full of sorrow. Whose family is in trouble tonight? Where can I miss the bright moon in the building?
The poor moon wanders upstairs, and it should be reflected on the makeup mirror. The jade door curtain cannot be rolled away, and it comes back when the clothes are smashed and brushed on the anvil.
At this time, we look at each other but don’t hear each other, and I hope that the moonlight will shine on you. The swans fly long and fast, and the fishes and dragons dive and jump into the water.
Last night I dreamed of falling flowers in the pond, and it was a pity that I didn’t return home in the middle of spring. The spring water in the river is gone, and the moon has set in the west again.
The slanting moon hides the sea fog, and the Jieshi and Xiaoxiang roads are endless. I don’t know how many people are returning by the moon. The falling moon shakes the trees all over the river with love.
Translation
The spring river tide is powerful and connected with the sea. A bright moon rises from the sea, as if it is gushing out together with the tide.
The moonlight shines on the Spring River, and as the waves shine for thousands of miles, there is bright moonlight on the Spring River everywhere.
The river flows windingly around the fields covered with flowers and grass, and the moonlight shines on the woods full of flowers like fine snow beads twinkling.
The moonlight is like frost, so the frost is invisible. The white sand on the island and the moonlight blend together, making it difficult to see clearly.
The river and the sky were of the same color, without any tiny dust, and there was only a lone moon hanging high in the bright sky.
Who on the riverside first saw the moon, and in which year did the moon on the river first shine on people?
Life is endless from generation to generation, only the moon on the river shines brightly year after year. It's similar.
I don’t know who the moon on the river is waiting for, but I can see that the Yangtze River continues to transport water.
The wanderer left slowly like a white cloud, leaving only the missing woman standing in Qingfengpu where she was leaving, feeling extremely sad.
Which family of wanderers is drifting in a boat tonight? Where are people missing each other upstairs under the bright moon?
The poor moonlight that keeps moving upstairs should be shining on the people away from home. Dressing table for people.
The moonlight shines through the door curtain of the missing woman and cannot be rolled away. It shines on her clothes-making anvil and cannot be brushed off.
At this time, we are looking at the moon but we can’t hear each other’s voices. I hope that the moonlight will shine on you.
The swans keep flying, but cannot fly out of the boundless moonlight; the moon shines on the river, and fish and dragons jump in the water, causing waves of ripples.
(These two sentences describe the clear and boundless moonlight, which also implies that fish and geese cannot convey messages.)
Last night I dreamed of flowers falling into the pond. Unfortunately, it was half way through spring. Can't go home yet.
The river is about to run out with its spring light, and the moon on the pool is about to set in the west.
The slanting moon slowly sinks, hidden in the sea fog, and the distance between Jieshi and Xiaoxiang is infinitely far away.
I don’t know how many people can take advantage of the moonlight to go home. Only the moon that sets in the west sways the emotions of separation and fills the woods by the river.
Creation background
"Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" is the title of a Yuefu Wu Sheng song. It is said to have been composed by Chen Houzhu of the Southern Dynasties. The original words have not been passed down. "Old Tang Book? Music Chronicles 2" "Cloud: "Spring River Flowers on a Moonlit Night", "Yushu Backyard Flowers", "Tangtang", all composed by Chen Hou. Shu Bao often wrote poems in harmony with the female bachelors and courtiers in the palace. Tai Le ordered He Xu to be good at poetry and chanting, and those who picked it because of its especially beautiful music thought it was this piece. ?
Later, Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty composed this song again. Volume 47 of "Yuefu Poetry Collection" contains seven chapters of "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night", including two chapters by Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty.
This poem by Zhang Ruoxu was composed for the title. It has a different melody from the original one, but it is the most famous one. The specific creative background is currently unavailable.
Introduction to the poet
Zhang Ruoxu (about 660 to about 720), a poet in the Tang Dynasty. A native of Yangzhou (now Jiangsu). He once served as the military commander of Yanzhou. The year of birth and death and the name are unknown. A brief account of his deeds can be found in "Old Tang Book? Biography of He Zhizhang". Zhongzong Shenlong (705-707), together with He Zhizhang, He Chao, Wan Qirong, Xing Ju and Bao Rong, was famous in Kyoto for his handsome writing. He was also known as the "Four Scholars of Wuzhong" together with He Zhizhang, Zhang Xu and Bao Rong. Xuanzong was alive in Kaiyuan fashion. Only two of Zhang Ruoxu's poems are included in "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty".
Among them, "Moonlight Night on the Spring River" is a well-known masterpiece. It follows the old title of the Yuefu of the Chen and Sui Dynasties to express the sincere and moving emotions of separation and the philosophical feelings about life. The language is fresh and beautiful, the rhythm is melodious, and it washes away the formal style of poetry. The rich and colorful powder gives people a clear, bright and natural feeling.
Life of the Poet
Zhang Ruoxu’s birth and death dates are unknown. Some classics (such as "Selected Poems of the Tang Dynasty" prefaced by Yu Guanying and Wang Yongzhao) set his birth and death dates around AD From 660 to 720, that is, from Longshuo, Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, to the beginning of Xuanzong's founding of the Yuan Dynasty, he lived about sixty years old. As for what "Full Tang Poems" says about him and He Zhizhang (from Yongxing, Yuezhou, today's Xiaoshan, Zhejiang), Zhang Xu (from Suzhou), and Bao Rong (from Yanling, Runzhou, today's Danyang, some say from Huzhou), their names are Wu? Among them, the Four Scholars? This can only mean that they are famous in the capital because of their similar poetry names. Their places of origin are adjacent and they are collectively called the Four Scholars.
Zhang Ruoxu, not only has very little about his life, but his poems have also been unknown for a long time. In the Tang Dynasty, it seems that no collection of his poems has been handed down. From the Tang Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, his poem "Spring River" was almost ignored. According to the textual research of Mr. Cheng Qianfan, a literary historian, there are ten kinds of selected Tang poems from the Tang Dynasty, miscellaneous novels about Tang people, "Wenyuan Yinghua", "Tang Wencui", "Selected Poems of One Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty", "Tang Poetry Chronicles" in the Song Dynasty, "Tang Yin" in the Yuan Dynasty, etc. His poems are not found in any anthology of Tang poetry. Not only is there no anthology of Tang poetry, but it is not even mentioned in more than 20 kinds of poetry from the Tang to the Ming Dynasty. The earliest collection of his "Spring River" poems is Volume 47 of "Yuefu Poetry Collection" by Guo Maoqian of the Song Dynasty. It contains seven poems by five writers with the same title as "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night", including one by Zhang Ruoxu. However, this is only included as a Yuefu palace style poem. Until the anthology of "The Zhengsheng of Tang Poems" by Yang Gaoxi of the Ming Dynasty, his poems were still not included in the "Zhengsheng" list. Fortunately, Zhang Ruoxu's "Spring River" poem has finally been preserved since the Tang Dynasty.
After waiting for nearly a thousand years, the fate of Zhang Ruoxu and his masterpiece began to turn around. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Li Panlong compiled "Abridged Ancient and Modern Poems" and included Zhang Ruoxu's "Spring River" poems. In the Wanli period, there were three anthologies, "Tang Shi Suo", "Tang Poetry Interpretation", and "Tang Shi Gui", and during the Chongzhen period, there were "Abridged and Supplemented Poems". This poem has been selected from the seven-character ancient poem "Tang Shi Mao Jian Shi Hui Tong Ping Lin", "Selected Poems of Shicang Past Dynasties", and "Tang Shi Jing", a book written in the late Ming Dynasty. The earliest poetic talk that mentioned Zhang Ruoxu and his poems was Hu Yinglin's "Shi Sou" written in the Wanli period. By the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Ruoxu's poetic voice seemed to be better. Important anthologies of Tang poetry, such as Ji Zhensun's "Tang Poems" written during the Kangxi period, Xu Zeng's "Er'an Shuo Tang Poems", and "Imperial Collection of Complete Tang Poems" (Volume 19 and Volume 117), Shen Deqian's "Redefinition of Tang Poems" written in the Qianlong period, Guan Shiming's "Notes on Tang Poems in Snow Mountain House", etc., all include his "Spring River" poem, and some even have appendices about it. Comments on poetry.
In the early Tang Dynasty, the romantic temperament of Tang poetry became increasingly strengthened. It is presented in another style in poems by Liu Xiyi, Zhang Ruoxu and others praising youth and expressing the longing for eternity in life.
Appreciation
Sentence-by-sentence analysis
The whole poem unfolds in sequence from scenery, emotion, and reason. The first part describes the beautiful scenery of the Spring River. The second part writes about the emotions caused by facing Jiang Yue. The third part writes about the separation and sorrow of a wanderer who misses his wife in the world.
The poet started to ask the question and sketched out a magnificent picture of the moonlit night on the spring river: the river tide connects to the sea, and the moon and the tide rise. The "海" here is a virtual finger. The Jiang Chao is vast, as if connected with the sea, and is magnificent. At this time, a bright moon rises with the tide, and the scene is spectacular. A word "生" gives lively life to the bright moon and the tide. The moonlight shines thousands of miles away, and there is no spring river that is not illuminated by the bright moon. The river winds around the spring fields full of flowers and plants, and the moonlight shines on the flower trees, like a layer of white snow. At the same time, the title of "Spring River, Flowers and Moonlight Night" was skillfully fulfilled. The poet's observation of the moonlight is extremely subtle. The moonlight has washed away the colorful colors of all things in the world, and dyed the world into a dreamy silver color. Therefore, the frost was flying in the sky unknowingly, and the white sand on the pavilion could not be seen. It was only the bright and bright moonlight that existed. The delicate brushstrokes create a mythical and wonderful realm, making the moonlit night on the Spring River look particularly beautiful and tranquil. These eight sentences, from big to small, from far to near, the pen and ink gradually condense on a lonely moon.
The clear and clear sky, earth and universe seem to make people enter a pure world, which naturally arouses the poet's reverie and meditation: Who first saw the moon by the river? When did the moon on the river shine on people for the first time? The poet's thoughts A leap, but closely connected with life, exploring the philosophy of life and the mysteries of the universe. But here it is unique. The thought does not fall into the stereotypes of the predecessors, but comes up with new ideas: "Life is endless from generation to generation, and the moon in the river looks the same year after year." An individual's life is short-lived, but human existence lasts a long time. Therefore, the endless lives of generations can survive like the bright moon that looks similar every year. Although the poet is sentimental about the short life, it is not decadence and despair, but due to the pursuit and love of life.
I don’t know who the river moon is waiting for, but I see the Yangtze River sending flowing water. This is closely connected with the similar desire in the previous sentence. Life goes on from generation to generation, and the moon and the river are like this year after year. A lonely moon hovers in the sky, as if waiting for someone, but it can never do so. Under the moonlight, there is only the rapids of the river, rushing away.
As the river flows, the poem creates waves, pushing the poetry to a deeper realm. There is hatred in the river and the moon, while the flowing water is ruthless. The poet naturally shifts his writing style from the natural scenery in the first half to the images of life, which leads to the separation and sorrow of the lovesickness of men and women in the second half.
?Baiyun?The four sentences are always written in the moonlit night, the feelings of longing for the wife and the wanderer in two places. ?Baiyun? and ?Qingfengpu? convey objects and emotions. The white clouds are erratic, symbolizing the uncertainty of "Bian Zhouzi". "Qingfengpu" is a place name, but "Qingfengpu" is often used in poems to express farewell to scenery and places. ?Whose home? Where? The two sentences are intertwined and make sense. Because more than one family and one place has the sorrow of separation, the poet raised such a question. It is a kind of lovesickness that brings out the sorrow of separation between two places, back and forth, and the poetic feeling Ripples, twists and turns.
The following eight sentences from "Pity" follow the sentence "Where", writing about the missing woman's longing for the departed person. However, the poet does not directly express the sorrow and tears of the missing woman, but uses the "moon" to highlight her nostalgia, and the tears of sadness come out. The poem personifies "the moon", and the word "wandering" is extremely expressive: first, the floating clouds are swimming, so the light and shadow are uncertain; second, the moonlight is lingering upstairs with pity for the missing woman, and cannot bear to go. It wants to keep company with the woman she misses and relieve her worries, so it spreads its soft radiance on the dressing table, the jade curtain, and the clothes-making anvil. Unexpectedly, the thought of a woman makes her fall in love with her, and she misses her even more. She wanted to get rid of this annoying moonlight, but the moonlight could not go away, and the breeze came back, sincerely attached to her. Here, the two infatuated movements of rolling and brushing vividly express the sorrow and confusion in the heart of the missing woman. *** Looking at the moonlight but unable to know each other, I can only rely on the bright moon to express my longing for each other. ?The swan geese fly long and the light does not fly?? It also implies that fish and geese cannot convey messages.
The last eight sentences are about the wanderer. The poet uses falling flowers, flowing water, and the waning moon to express his longing for home. ?Bian Zhouzi? Even in his dreams, he misses returning home. The flowers fall in the deep pool, the spring scenery is getting old, and people are still far away from each other. The rivers flow with spring. What flows away is not only the natural spring, but also the youth, happiness and longing of the wanderer. The moon falling over the river and the pond further brings out his miserable loneliness. The heavy sea fog obscures the falling moon; Jieshi and Xiaoxiang are far apart in the sky, and the road is so far away. The word "deep" intensifies his loneliness; "infinite road" also infinitely deepens his homesickness. He thought: On this beautiful night of flowers and moon on the spring river, I wonder how many people can take advantage of the moon to return to their hometown. His sense of detachment, accompanied by the light of the waning moon, filled the woods by the river.
Overall grasp
The composition and structure of "Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night" are based on neatness and complexity. The thirty-six lines of poetry are divided into nine groups. Each group of four lines is a group. One group has three rhymes, and the other group must switch to another rhyme, like nine quatrains. This is the neat side of it. Its intricacy is reflected in the changes in the nine rhymes. The first and third groups at the beginning use plain rhyme, the second and fourth groups use oblique rhyme, then the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth groups all use flat rhyme, and finally end with oblique rhyme, with scattered interspersed sounds, and the tone adjustment is uniform but not rigid. In terms of sentence structure, a large number of parallel sentences, parallel sentences and running water pairs are used, which are both wonderful in succession and transition, and the article has endless charm.
The whole poem is written closely against the background of spring, river, flowers, moon and night, with the moon as the main subject. The moon is a blend of scenes in the poem. It beats the poet's pulse and is like a life link in the whole poem, running through the top and bottom. The poetry rises and falls with the rise and fall of the moon. The moon went through the process of rising, hanging high, slanting in the west, and setting overnight. Under the light of the moon, the river, the beach, the sky, the wilderness, the maple trees, the flower forest, the flying frost, the white sand, the boat, the tall building, the mirror stand, the anvil stone, the flying geese, the diving fish and dragon, the sleepless longing woman and The wandering wanderer forms a complete poetic image, showing a picture full of life philosophy and life interest. The color tone of this scroll is light and dense. Although it is outlined and dyed with ink, the ink is divided into five colors. It shows the colorful artistic effect from the complementation of black and white, the complementation of virtual and real, just like an elegant Chinese ink painting, which embodies The beautiful artistic conception of the spring river with flowers and moonlit night.