Husband, the original Five Classics. Imperial edicts, decrees, policies and prohibitions, which are born in books, are also1; Order, narration, discussion, discussion, easy to live also 2; Song, chant, ode and ode are born in "poetry". Sacrifice, sacrifice, mourning and mourning are also born in "ceremony"; Books, plays, proverbs and inscriptions were born in the Spring and Autumn Annals. Imperial charter, military oath 6, showing benevolence and righteousness, inventing merits, and establishing the country by herdsmen 7, in many ways. As for cultivating the mind, calm irony and persuasion are a kind of fun, and it is also a kind of enjoyment to enjoy it. If you have spare capacity, you can be wise. However, since ancient times, scholars have been trapped in thinness. Qu Yuan showed great talent and praised himself, showing that the tyrant was super11; Song Yu looks graceful, see You12; Oriental Manqian, funny and indecent13; Sima Changqing, stealing money is not doing business. Wang Baotong's Zhang Tong Yue 15, Yang Xiongde's crushing defeat of Meixin 16, Li Ling's humiliation 17, Liu Xin's repeated rebellion against the world 18, Fu Yi's attachment to the party to seize power 19, and Ban Gu's history of stealing his father 20. Cao Zhi broke the law 26, asked for leave 27, narrow road 28, careless Chen 29, unqualified 30, Serina Liu Quqiang lost 365, 438+0, and RoyceWong was impatient 32. Kong Rong and Mi Fei died 33 years ago, Yang Xiu and Ding Kun died by flattery 34, Ruan was rude and vulgar 35, Ji Kangling was finally fierce 36, Fu Xuan was angry and dismissed from office 37, Sun Chu boasted about Shang Ling 38, Lu Ji was guilty of riding smoothly 39, Pan Yuegan took no risk 40, and Yan Yannian pushed it angrily. These people, all beautiful women, can't remember. They are much bigger than this. As for the emperor, maybe not. Only Hanwu, Wei Taizu, Wendi, Ming Di and Emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty, 47 years old, were gifted scholars since the emperors of all dynasties, all of whom held a negative attitude towards the world, and 48 years old was not a German king. 49-year-old Ziyou, Xia Zi, Xun Kuang, Monk, Meicheng, Jia Yi, Su Wu, Zhang Heng, Zuo Sizhi and other people who are famous for avoiding patients have heard about it from time to time, but most of them have gone away. Every time I try to think about it, it turns out that its product is 5 1, and the text of the article is 52, which is inspiring and makes people feel sorry for 53, so I suddenly hold exercises and fruits in enterprising 54. In this world, the scribes who are troubled by this are just right, smart sentences 55, smart minds 56, and Millennium aspirations 56. They sing and admire themselves, and they don't feel closer to others. It is not as good as a spear and halberd to be injured by gravel, and an ironic disaster is as fast as dust. Take precautions and protect Yuanji.
Learning is beneficial and refined, and articles are clever and clumsy; If you are dull and tired, you might as well be good at it; If you think about it, you will still despise it. But to be single and self-sufficient; You must be short of genius. Don't force yourself to write. Never seen the world, calling himself Tsinghua, 58. I'm ugly and clumsy, and I have too many. Jiangnan is "Foolish Happiness" 60. Recently, in Bing 6 1, there was a gentleman who praised Xing and Wei 62' s poems as ridiculous. All the people mocked them and praised them in vain, so they attacked Jiu 63, thus prolonging their reputation. His wife, a clever woman, cried in protest. The man sighed, "Talent is beyond his wife's power, let alone traveling." Until I die. It's hard to be honest when you see it yourself.
Learn to make a fuss, first find friends and relatives, get their comments, know that you can implement 65, and then make a move. Be careful not to make fun of others when you are 66. Since ancient times, people who write for the sake of writing can't win words, but as for the essence of Li Hong, there are only dozens of articles. But if you haven't lost your genre and your writing is impressive, you are called a talent. Those who want to be vulgar should also initiate a clear ear of the river.
Unyielding to the second surname, the festival of Yi Qi is also 69; What's the matter with you? Yi Heji also means 70. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, the family has run away, the country has been annexed, and the monarch and the minister have separated 71; However, a friend of a gentleman does all kinds of evil. Once you bend your knees to serve others, can you live or die and change your mind? When Chen lived in Yuan Caishu, he called Cao Cao a jackal. When he lived in Wei Zheng, he called Cao Cao a snake. At that time, you were ordered not to specialize in 75, which was also a disaster for scholars. It is imperative to treat the news calmly.
Or ask Yang Xiong: "My son is few, but he is good at giving?" The bear said, "Of course. A boy carves a worm print, but a strong man does not do it. " I am surprised that Yu Shunge's poem "South Wind" is 77, Zhou Gong's poem "Owl Owl" is 78, and Ji Fu and Smith's "Elegance" and "Ode" are 79, all of which are unheard of at an early age. Confucius said, "If you don't learn poetry, you have nothing to say." "It is right to defend yourself and return to Lu, and" Ya "and" Ode "are in their proper places." Daming's filial piety is evidenced by 80 Poems. Does Yang Xiongan dare to ignore it? If "poets are born with beauty, poets are born with beauty +0", but we just know how to change, and we don't know what it's like to be a strong man.
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If you write an article, Jews will ride horses, although they have a sense of escape. If you take the title 83, don't mess up the traffic and fill the bank. The article should take reason as the heart, qi as the bones and muscles, righteousness as the skin and honor as the crown. This world is in the same strain and has not abandoned its roots. The rate is more colorful, words argue with reason, words win with reason; Natural selection, complexity only damages 87. Those who let go forgot to return to 88, and those who made up the chisel made up less than 89. According to custom, Ann can go against it alone, but it is difficult to go to Thailand. I want to be talented and famous, and I want to reform the school.
The writings of the ancients are rich in materials and elegant in style, which is far beyond the reach of modern people, but their compilation is simple and unpretentious. This world is harmonious in melody, with 9 1 sentences and 92 details, which is more virtuous than in the past. It is advisable to take ancient sanctions as the foundation, and to adjust this word to the end, we must keep two places and not abandon it.
Note 1 imperial edict, decree and policy: three styles are used for imperial edict. Ba: It's also a style, used for crusade. 2 preface, narration, discussion and discussion: four ancient styles. Singing: two ancient styles can be simply called poetry today. 4 Sacrifice, sacrifice, mourning and mourning: four ancient styles. 5 Books, plays, essays and inscriptions: four ancient Chinese prose. Articles of association: laws and regulations. Oath: Oath. Patent: ancient exegetical articles. 7 herders: manage the people. Spirit: temperament and mind. Irony: Persuade indirectly by euphemism. 9 taste: meaning. 10 thin: I didn't strictly restrain my behavior. 1 1 Qu Yuan: a writer of Chu in the Warring States Period. Showing hegemony: Qu Yuan satirized and criticized the king of Chu in Li Sao. 12 Song Yu: a writer of Chu in the Warring States Period. Rong Ye: It's beautiful. 13 Oriental Manqian: Dong Fangshuo, a native of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was famous for his humor. 14 Sima Changqing: Sima Xiangru, the word Changqing, was a great poet in the Western Han Dynasty. Stealing money: Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun together forced Zhuo Wang's grandson to give them property. 15 Bao Wang: Zi Ziyuan, a writer in the Western Han Dynasty. Covenant is an article he wrote, in which he talked about going to the widow's house, which was a mistake in the eyes of ancient landlords. 16 Yang Xiong: Zi Ziyun, a writer and scholar in the late Western Han Dynasty. Beautiful heart: the beautiful heart of drama in Qin Dynasty. This was done by Yang Xiong, whose main purpose was to praise Wang Mang's new dynasty. 17 Li ling: a general in the western Han dynasty, who surrendered to the Huns because he was defeated. Louis: This refers to the Huns. 18 Liu Xin: There was a great scholar in the Western Han Dynasty who supported Wang Mang at first, then turned against him and was forced to commit suicide. 19 Yi Fu: Writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sima of General Dou Xian. Ban Gu: A famous historian and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. History of Stealing Father: Ban Gu's Hanshu was written on the basis of his father Ban Biao's historical manuscript, which Yan Zhitui thought was stolen. 2 1 Zhao Yuanshu: Zhao Yi, Zi Shu, writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Resistance: arrogance and self-restraint. 22 Feng Jingtong: Yan Feng, whose name is Jingtong, was a writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Depression: depression. 23 Ma Ji Chang: Ma Rong, the word Ji Chang, was a writer and scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Flattery: Flattery. Win: be ridiculed. Cai Bozhen: Cai Yong was a writer and scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cai Yong was appointed by Dong Zhuo, and Wang Yun punished Dong Zhuo. Cai Yong sighed, was found guilty and died in prison. Wu Zhi: Cao Wei writer in the Three Kingdoms period. Scold: if you don't get along well, you will swear. 26 Cao Zhi: The son of Cao Cao, whose poetry and prose were highly respected by the ancients. Cao Zhi was once demoted for being drunk and breaking the law. Du Du: A writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, he had contacts with local county magistrates and asked them for personal matters many times. The quintessence of the twenty-eighth route: a writer in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Narrow: narrow. 29 Chen Lin: Cao Wei writer. Rough: not too rough. 30 Fan Qin: Cao Wei writer. Check: French. 3 1 Serina Liu: one of the "seven sons of Jian 'an", famous for his poems. Lose: Be assigned to work. RoyceWong, one of the "Seven Scholars in Jian 'an", is a brilliant writer. Impatience: rashness and instability. Kong Rong and Mi Fei were both writers in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Both of them were killed by the authorities because they were arrogant and unruly. 34. Yang Xiu and Ding Kun: writers in Cao Wei period. They have a close relationship with Cao Zhi and tried to help him win the crown prince. Finally, they were killed by Cao Cao and Cao Pi respectively. Ruan Ji, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", is famous for his poems. Rudeness and vulgarity: contempt for moral practice. Ji Kang: One of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", at that time, he was as famous as Ruan Ji. Lingwu: Arrogant, ignoring powerful people. Fierce end: being killed by others. Fu Xuan, a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty. Dismissed from office by angry beatings: Fu Xuan was dismissed from office for quarreling with others. Sun Chu, a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty. Exaggeration: conceited and talented, not caring about the boss. Lu Ji: a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty. Adventure: Take a dangerous road. 40 Pan Yue: a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty. To be or not to be: seeking fame and profit. Take a risk: to be killed. 4 1 Yan Yannian: Yan Yanzhi, the word Yannian, was a writer in the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties. Negative gas: negative talent. Push: Be demoted. Xie Lingyun: Liu Song writer. Disturb: disturb the law and order. Wang Yuanchang: Wang Rong, a writer in Southern Qi Dynasty. Thieves deceive themselves; Join the rebellion at your own risk. 44 Xie Xuan Halo: Xie Tiao, the word Xuan Halo, was a writer in Southern Qi Dynasty. Insult: contempt. See also: this refers to being framed. 45 Qiao Xiu: Above average, excellent. 46 big: roughly. 47 Hanwu: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Wei Taizu: namely Wei Wudi Cao Zhi. Wendi and Ming Di refer to Wei Wendi Cao Pi and Wei Mingdi Cao Rui. Emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty: Liu Xiaowu and Liu Jun in Song Dynasty 48 Virtue: Virtue. Ziyou and Xia Zi are two famous disciples of Confucius. Xun Kuang and Monk: the name of Xunzi; Mencius' name is Ke. Mei Cheng, Jia Yi and Su Wu: They are all from the Western Han Dynasty. Zhang Heng: A writer and scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zuo si, a writer in the western jin dynasty. Loss and failure: loss of life and failure. 5 1 is what it is: it originated from what it did. 52 standard elevator: first-class. Xinghui: Interest. Evoking Spirit: Touching and guiding people's temperament and mind. Exaggerate: to brag about one's talents. 54 exercise: conduct. Fruit: Dare. 55 things: here refers to the use of things and allusions. Qing Qiao: novel and ingenious. Li: Go up. Nine: Very high in the sky. Ling: Jump. 57 yuan Zhen: the original meaning is Dafu, here refers to the body name. Talent: Talent and literary thinking. Tsinghua: Fresh and gorgeous. 59 ugly and stupid: ugly and stupid. 60 "Deception symbol": An ancient proverb refers to a person who is ignorant and boastful. Deception is selling, delusion is selling stupidity. 6 1 Bingzhou: Place name, belonging to Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. Xing and Wei: Xing Shao and Wei Shou, famous literati in Northern Qi Dynasty. Hehe: ridicule. 63. Kill cattle: kill cattle to entertain guests. Pour the wine. Walking: A person who walks refers to someone who has nothing to do with himself. 65 judgment: judgment. Realization: in this case, it refers to showing poetry to others. Teacher's heart: take yourself as a teacher's heart and be self-righteous. 67 Li Hong's essence: refers to the magnificence of the article. 68. Touching vulgarity overwhelms the world: shocking the world overwhelms peers. Initiating Qinghe River: As the old saying goes, the Yellow River is clear for thousands of years. Yi and Qi: refer to Boyi and Shuqi. At the turn of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, there were solitary bamboo people. After Zhou destroyed Shang, they refused to eat and starved to death in shouyangshan. Me and Ji: Yi Yin and Ji. The former is Minister Shang Tang. Later, the minister foresaw the demise of Shang and went crazy to avoid disaster. 7 1 impermanence: there is no fixed position difference. Cut off: Cut off contact. Bad voice: defamatory words. Chen: Chen Linzi, see the above note. Say that Cao Cao is a jackal. Chen Lin's Writing for Bazhou County of Yuan Shao: "(Cao) holds the ambition of jackals and mingles with disasters." 74th place: Yan Wen. Shao: It refers to Yuan Shao. Snake slug: poisonous snake. There is no such article in this edition. 75 not specialized: I can't help myself. 76 catastrophe: catastrophe. Information: Eliminate and remove. 77 "South Wind": According to legend, it was written by Shun. The Confucius Family Story: Argument about Music contains lyrics. 78 Duke Zhou: Zhou Wuwang's brother. Fuzheng for many years. Owl: A title of The Book of Songs. Preface to Mao Shi is considered to be written by Duke Zhou. Jifu: It's Yin Jifu. According to Shi Mao Preface, Takamatsu, Steamed People and Hanyi were written by Yin Jifu. 《? "Author Shi Ke. Daming Xiaojing: It is said that the Xiaojing was written by Confucius. Quote the Book of Songs as evidence: At the end of every article in the Book of Filial Piety, the sentences in the Book of Songs are quoted to explain. 8 1 gender: * * floating. Miracle: A good horse. 83: the gas of elegance. Title: Iron bar across the horse's mouth. Le: A thong with a bite on the horse's head. Track 84: Track. Let go. Arbitrary. Fill the dike: fall into the ditch. Heart: heart and spine. Metaphor is the key. Gorgeous: refers to rhetoric. 87 things are complicated: a lot of things are used. 88 flowing down: wandering. Puncture: arbitrary and far-fetched. 90 series: sewing and splicing. Secret: meticulous, meticulous. 9 1 harmony: harmonious and pleasant. 92. Avoid essence and subtlety: it refers to many laws of poetry writing, such as the theory of "four tones and eight diseases".
All the articles translated today are from the Five Classics. Imperial edicts, decrees, policies and sources come from books; Preface, narration, discussion and discussion originated from Yi. Songs, hymns, hymns and carols all originate from poetry; Sacrifice, sacrifice, mourning and eulogy originated from ceremony; Books, plays, proverbs and inscriptions come from Chunqiu. The constitution of the court, the oath of the army, the promotion of benevolence and righteousness, the display of merit and the rule of the people and the founding of the country are all essential articles. As for cultivating one's own spirit, it is also fun to satirize leisurely and understand the meaning. If you have extra energy, you can go to wisdom. However, since ancient times, many scholars have lost their lightness; Qu Yuan boasted of his talents, exalted himself and publicly exposed the faults of the king. Song Yu has a beautiful figure and is almost regarded as superior; Dong Fangshuo's words and deeds are funny and indecent; Sima Xiangru forced people to divide their wealth without action; Wang Bao's fault can be found in the contract; Yang Xiong's moral character is worse than the drama Qin Meixin. Li Ling surrendered to the Huns and was ruined. Liu Xin appeared repeatedly in Wang Mang's New Dynasty. The Yves party is attached to the right door; Ban Gu embezzled his father's historical achievements; Zhao Yi's temperament is noble and noble, and she resists excesses. Yan Feng was suppressed because of glitz; Ma Rong was ridiculed for flattery: Cai Yong was killed for sympathizing with the wicked; Wu quality has no reputation in the village; Cao Zhi broke the law slowly; Du Du begged for a loan endlessly; Lv Cui is narrow-minded; Chen Lin's words and deeds are rude; Fan Qin's personality is wild; Serina Liu is still stubbornly losing; RoyceWong was rejected because of frivolity; Kong Rong and Mi Heng died of arrogance; Yang Xiu and Ding Gan were killed for seeking trouble; Ruan Ji didn't keep the ethics; Ji Kang is arrogant and overbearing, and there is no good end; Due to the fierce struggle, Fu Xuan was removed from his official position; Sun Chu committed the crime of boasting; Lu Ji went the wrong way to be an official and was in danger; Pan Yue blindly pursued fame and gain, and was shot; Yan Yannian was dismissed as a maverick; Xie Lingyun flouts all laws and regulations; Wang Yuanchang was killed in a fierce rebellion; Xie Xuan fainted and died. These people mentioned above are all outstanding in the literary world. As for the others, it is impossible to list them all, which is basically the case. Ancient emperors with literary talents included Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Wei Wudi, Wei Wendi, Wei Mingdi and Emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty, but they were all laughed at by the world, so they were not wise monarchs. From Ziyou, Xia Zi, Xun Kuang, Mencius to Mei Cheng, Jia Yi, Su Wu, Zhang Heng, Zuo Si and others, there are also people whose reputations are far-reaching, but in contrast, most of them are ruined. I often think about this problem and look for its root. It is precisely because the article wants to publicize the meeting and cheer up the spirit that people will boast of their talents, ignore their virtues and only know how to make progress. Now this kind of problem is more serious among the scribes. If an allusion is used properly and a sentence is written skillfully, they will think highly of themselves, be arrogant, brag and think that others are far behind them. Gravel hurts more than spears; Satire will bring trouble faster than dust; Therefore, we should seriously consider prevention to safeguard our reputation.
Knowledge can be divided into quick and dull, and articles can be divided into exquisite and clumsy; Slow learners can achieve proficiency through continuous efforts, but people with slow thinking will inevitably get tired of poverty even if they concentrate on their studies. A well-read person is enough to stand on his own feet; If you have no genius, don't force your composition. I have met many people who have no talent at all, but pretend to be extraordinary, and let poor articles circulate in the world, and the number is very large. This is called "charming charm" in Jiangnan. Recently, there was a man with a gentry background in Bing who liked to write poems and poems that were neither fish nor fowl. He also joked with Star Shao and Wei Shou, but he couldn't hear others' mocking praise. Instead, I kill cows to make wine and invite people to dinner, hoping that this will further expand my reputation. His wife is a very discerning person, crying to persuade him not to do that again, but he sighed, "Even my wife doesn't recognize my talent, let alone an outsider!" ! The man didn't wake up until he died. It's really hard to know that you can estimate yourself correctly.
After learning to write an article, you should first discuss with your friends and relatives, get their judgment, and think it can be published in the world before you can make a move. Don't be self-righteous and laugh at others. In ancient times, there were countless writers, but there were only dozens of exquisite articles by Li Hong. Literati's works are considered talented as long as there is nothing wrong with their genre and their meanings can be read. As for asking the works to achieve stunning perfection, it is as difficult to achieve as expecting the clarification of the Yellow River.
Not giving in to different surnames is the moral integrity of Boyi and Shu Qi. Not for the bad king's ministers, but for Yi Yin and Ji Zi. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, some rulers have been forced to flee, and some countries have been annexed by other countries, so there is no fixed division between monarch and minister. A gentleman breaks up with others and does not hurt others with words. Once he kneels down to serve others, how can he change his position and viewpoint because of interests? Chen Lin once called Cao Cao a jackal when he was campaigning for Yuan Shao. But when he was in Cao Shi, Wei, Yuan Shao was regarded as a poisonous snake in a battle. This is of course under the pressure of superiors, but it is still a great misfortune for literati and should be eliminated.
Someone asked: "Mr. Wang liked to write fu when he was young." Is this really the case? " Yang Xiong replied, "Yes. But that is the skill of young people to carve insects, and ambitious people don't do it. " I think Yang Xiong is wrong. Yu Shun once sang the poem "South Wind", Duke Zhou once sang the poem "Owl", and the works written by Shi Ke are also top-notch in "Elegance" and "Ode". I haven't heard that these people influenced their virtue when they were young. Confucius said, "If you don't learn poetry, you have nothing to say." He added: "After I returned to Shandong from Weiguo, I revised my music, and elegance and ode returned to their respective places." The Book of Filial Piety written in the Book of Filial Piety of Daming is often evidenced by poems. How dare Yang Xiong be so light? If we say: "The poet's fu is gorgeous and elegant, and the poet's fu is gorgeous * * *", it is just a question of change and difference. I don't know if Yang Xiong thinks he is a strong man. ……
Writing an article is like riding a good horse. Although elegant, it must be controlled by a halter. We can't let it run around and fall into the ditch. The article should take principle and meaning as the center, charm as the bones and muscles, events as the skin and words as the crown. Nowadays, scholars, following bad habits, abandon books in the end, and most of their works are flashy. Words argue with righteousness, and words win and righteousness is buried; Use things to compete with thinking, too much will damage thinking. Let go of wandering and forget to return. Over time, most people can't completely get rid of its influence as long as they don't go too far. It is my greatest wish to have a famous genius who can reform the style.
Ancient articles are better than today's articles in macro material and style, but the arrangement of sentence structure is a bit rough and not detailed enough. Today's articles are harmonious and beautiful in melody, even and symmetrical in sentences and numerous in taboos, which are not found in ancient writings. Therefore, it is appropriate to take the sanctions of the ancients as the foundation and the rhetoric of today as the vice. We should give consideration to both, and neither side can neglect the other.
Overview This is a relatively simple literary criticism article, which not only involves the issue of evolution and development, but also discusses the genre distinction and creative techniques, which is very helpful for us to understand or study Yan Zhitui's literary thoughts.
Since Cao Pi put forward the view that ancient and modern literati don't care much about meticulous behavior, few people have commented on literati from this angle. Yan Zhitui's literary talent is almost as important as his character. In his view, the authors listed in the previous part of this article have shortcomings in moral cultivation. This critical method of combining literature with morality should be affirmed. It would be better if Yan Zhitui didn't take this critical method to extremes.
In addition, Yan Zhitui viewed some literary phenomena at that time from a developmental perspective. Different from some critics (such as Zhong Rong), he completely denies the formal beauty of the literary works that have been formed, but advocates inheriting the advantages of ancient articles, and at the same time adopting the artistic laws that have been formed in contemporary times, and further improving them through concrete creative practice. This view is also very reasonable.